Download or read book Science and Polity in France at the End of the Old Regime written by Charles Coulston Gillispie and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the end of the eighteenth century, the French dominated the world of science. And although science and politics had little to do with each other directly, there were increasingly frequent intersections. This is a study of those transactions between science and state, knowledge and power--on the eve of the French Revolution. Charles Gillispie explores how the links between science and polity in France were related to governmental reform, modernization of the economy, and professionalization of science and engineering.
Download or read book Science and Polity in France written by Charles Coulston Gillispie and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-10 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the end of the eighteenth century, the French dominated the world of science. And although science and politics had little to do with each other directly, there were increasingly frequent intersections. This is a study of those transactions between science and state, knowledge and power--on the eve of the French Revolution. Charles Gillispie explores how the links between science and polity in France were related to governmental reform, modernization of the economy, and professionalization of science and engineering.
Download or read book Science and Polity in France written by Charles Coulston Gillispie and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the 1770s through the 1820s the French scientific community predominated in the world to a degree that no other scientific establishment did in any period prior to the Second World War. In his classic Science and Polity in France: The End of the Old Regime, Charles Gillispie analyzed the cultural, political, and technical factors that encouraged scientific productivity on the eve of the Revolution. In the present monumental and elegantly written sequel to that work, which Princeton is reissuing concurrently, he examines how the revolutionary and Napoleonic context contributed to modernization both of politics and science. In politics, argues Gillispie, the central feature of this modernization was conversion of subjects of a monarchy into citizens of a republic in direct contact with a state enormously augmented in power. To the scientific community, attainment of professional status was what citizenship was to all Frenchmen in the republic proper, namely the license to self-governance and dignity within the respective contexts. Revolutionary circumstances set up a resonance between politics and science since practitioners of both were future oriented in their outlook and scornful of the past. Among the creations of the First French Republic were institutions providing the earliest higher education in science. From them emerged rigorously trained people who constituted the founding generation in the disciplines of mathematical physics, positivistic biology, and clinical medicine. That scientists were able to achieve their ends was owing to the expertise they provided the revolutionary and imperial authorities in education, medicine, warfare, empire building, and industrial technology.
Download or read book Science and Polity in France written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the end of the eighteenth century, the French dominated the world of science. And although science and politics had little to do with each other directly, there were increasingly frequent intersections. This is a study of those transactions between sci.
Download or read book Cartography in France 1660 1848 written by Josef Konvitz and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: French scientists, engineers, and public officials were responsible for the most important and distinctive innovations in cartography in eighteenth-century Europe. By expanding the analytical uses of maps, by establishing unprecedented standards of accuracy, and by nurturing institutional frameworks to sustain mapping projects over many years, the French contributed to one of the central concepts of modern times: that man, through direct observation and accumulated information can better understand and manage his affairs. Concentrating on how and why new concepts and techniques of making and using maps were introduced, Josef Konvitz skillfully traces the modernization of cartography during the French Enlightenment. The story he unfolds is not merely a narrative of who did what, but an analysis of how the map itself influenced attitudes toward the land and the consequent effects on planning and the development of resources. Throughout, Konvitz demonstrates the significant relationship between cartography and political, economic, and military life. He emphasizes efforts to enlarge the practical applications of maps in government and the impact of government policy on the evolution of cartography.
Download or read book Constructing Paris Medicine written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2016-08-29 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Paris Clinical School of the nineteenth century has long been recognized as an important turning point in the development of modern scientific medicine. In this volume of essays, leading scholars take a fresh look at the meaning and significance of the Paris clinic for the history of medicine and reassess the analysis of the two most noted authors on the topic in the twentieth century, Erwin H. Ackernecht and Michel Foucault. The contributors offer new insights into the development and influence of Paris medicine and challenge many aspects of accepted interpretation. Their research opens the way for new areas of investigation in understanding major transitions in medicine
Download or read book Science and Ideology written by Mark Walker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-11 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does science work best in a democracy? Were 'Soviet' or 'Nazi' science fundamentally different from science in the USA? These questions have been passionately debated in the recent past. Particular developments in science took place under particular political regimes, but they may or may not have been directly determined by them. Science and Ideology brings together a number of comparative case studies to examine the relationship between science and the dominant ideology of a state. Cybernetics in the USA is compared to France and the Soviet Union. Postwar Allied science policy in occupied Germany is juxtaposed to that in Japan. The essays are narrowly focussed, yet cover a wide range of countries and ideologies. The collection provides a unique comparative history of scientific policies and practices in the 20th century.
Download or read book Modern France written by Vanessa R. Schwartz and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The French Revolution, politics and the modern nation -- French and the civilizing mission -- Paris and magnetic appeal -- France stirs up the melting pot -- France hurtles into the future.
Download or read book Science and Polity in France the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Years written by Charles Coulston Gillispie and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Night the Old Regime Ended written by Michael P. Fitzsimmons and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Science and Policy in France at the End of the Old Regime written by Charles Coulston Gillispie and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Science and Technology in World History Volume 4 written by David Deming and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of science is a story of human discovery--intertwined with religion, philosophy, economics and technology. The fourth in a series, this book covers the beginnings of the modern world, when 16th-century Europeans began to realize that their scientific achievements surpassed those of the Greeks and Romans. Western Civilization organized itself around the idea that human technological and moral progress was achievable and desirable. Science emerged in 17th-century Europe as scholars subordinated reason to empiricism. Inspired by the example of physics, men like Robert Boyle began the process of changing alchemy into the exact science of chemistry. During the 18th century, European society became more secular and tolerant. Philosophers and economists developed many of the ideas underpinning modern social theories and economic policies. As the Industrial Revolution fundamentally transformed the world by increasing productivity, people became more affluent, better educated and urbanized, and the world entered an era of unprecedented prosperity and progress.
Download or read book Re Thinking Science written by Helga Nowotny and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-24 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Re-Thinking Science presents an account of the dynamic relationship between society and science. Despite the mounting evidence of a much closer, interactive relationship between society and science, current debate still seems to turn on the need to maintain a 'line' to demarcate them. The view persists that there is a one-way communication flow from science to society - with scant attention given to the ways in which society communicates with science. The authors argue that changes in society now make such communications both more likely and more numerous, and that this is transforming science not only in its research practices and the institutions that support it but also deep in its epistemological core. To explain these changes, Nowotny, Scott and Gibbons have developed an open, dynamic framework for re-thinking science. The authors conclude that the line which formerly demarcated society from science is regularly transgressed and that the resulting closer interaction of science and society signals the emergence of a new kind of science: contextualized or context-sensitive science. The co-evolution between society and science requires a more or less complete re-thinking of the basis on which a new social contract between science and society might be constructed. In their discussion the authors present some of the elements that would comprise this new social contract.
Download or read book The Idea of the Sciences in the French Enlightenment written by G. Matthew Adkins and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013-11-29 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges common historical misperceptions of both the history of the sciences in early modern France and the history of the French Enlightenment. By reexamining the moral, political, and social ideas of those who defended the ascendency of the sciences, this book demonstrates the evolution of political views.
Download or read book A Master of Science History written by Jed Z. Buchwald and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New essays in science history ranging across the entire field and related in most instance to the works of Charles Gillispie, one of the field's founders.
Download or read book The Edge of Objectivity written by Charles Coulston Gillispie and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1960, The Edge of Objectivity helped to establish the history of science as a full-fledged academic discipline. In the mid-1950s, a young professor at Princeton named Charles Gillispie began teaching Humanities 304, one of the first undergraduate courses offered anywhere in the world on the history of science. From Galileo's analysis of motion to theories of evolution and relativity, Gillispie introduces key concepts, individuals, and themes. The Edge of Objectivity arose out of this course. It must have been a lively class. The Edge of Objectivity is pointed, opinionated, and selective. Even at six hundred pages, the book is, as the title suggests, an essay. Gillispie is unafraid to rate Mendel higher than Darwin, Maxwell above Faraday. Full of wry turns of phrase, the book effectively captures people and places. And throughout the book, Gillispie pushes an argument. He views science as the progressive development of more objective, detached, mathematical ways of viewing the world, and he orchestrates his characters and ideas around this theme. This edition of Charles Coulston Gillispie’s landmark book introduces a new generation of readers to his provocative and enlightening account of the advancement of scientific thought over the course of four centuries. Since the original publication of The Edge of Objectivity, historians of science have focused increasingly on the social context of science rather than its internal dynamics, and they have frequently viewed science more as a threatening instance of power than as an accumulation of knowledge. Nevertheless, Gillispie’s book remains a sophisticated, fast-moving, idiosyncratic account of the development of scientific ideas over four hundred years, by one of the founding intellects in the history of science. Featuring a new foreword by Theodore Porter, who places the work in its intellectual context and the development of the field, this edition of The Edge of Objectivity is a monumental work by one of the founding intellects of the history of science.
Download or read book Elephant Slaves Pampered Parrots written by Louise E. Robbins and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2003-04-29 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lively history “adds a new dimension to our understanding of 18th-century France” by exploring the Parisian fashion of importing exotic animals (American Historical Review). In 1775, a visitor to Laurent Spinacuta’s Grande Ménagerie at the annual winter fair in Paris would have seen two tigers, several kinds of monkeys, an armadillo, an ocelot, and a condor—in all, forty-two live animals. In the streets of the city, one could observe performing elephants and a fighting polar bear. Those looking for unusual pets could purchase parrots, flying squirrels, and capuchin monkeys. The royal menagerie at Versailles displayed lions, cranes, an elephant, a rhinoceros, and a zebra, which in 1760 became a major court attraction. For Enlightenment-era Parisians, exotic animals piqued scientific curiosity and conveyed social status. Their variety and accessibility were a boon for naturalists like Buffon, author of Histoire naturelle. Louis XVI use his menagerie to demonstrate his power, while critics saw his caged animals as metaphors of slavery and oppression. In her engaging account, Robbins considers nearly every aspect of France’s obsession with exotic fauna, from the animals’ transportation and care to the inner workings of the oiseleurs’ (birdsellers’) guild. Based on wide-ranging research, Elephant Slaves and Pampered Parrots offers a major contribution to the history of human-animal relations, eighteenth-century culture, and French colonialism.
