Download or read book SAVANNAH RIVER SITE R REACTOR DISASSEMBLY BASIN IN SITU DECOMMISSIONING 10499 written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US DOE concept for facility in-situ decommissioning (ISD) is to physically stabilize and isolate intact, structurally sound facilities that are no longer needed for their original purpose, i.e., generating (reactor facilities), processing(isotope separation facilities) or storing radioactive materials. The 105-R Disassembly Basin is the first SRS reactor facility to undergo the in-situ decommissioning (ISD) process. This ISD process complies with the 105-R Disassembly Basin project strategy as outlined in the Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis for the Grouting of the R-Reactor Disassembly Basin at the Savannah River Site and includes: (1) Managing residual water by solidification in-place or evaporation at another facility; (2) Filling the below grade portion of the basin with cementitious materials to physically stabilize the basin and prevent collapse of the final cap - Sludge and debris in the bottom few feet of the basin will be encapsulated between the basin floor and overlying fill material to isolate it from the environment; (3) Demolishing the above grade portion of the structure and relocating the resulting debris to another location or disposing of the debris in-place; and (4) Capping the basin area with a concrete slab which is part of an engineered cap to prevent inadvertent intrusion. The estimated total grout volume to fill the 105-R Reactor Disassembly Basin is 24,384 cubic meters or 31,894 cubic yards. Portland cement-based structural fill materials were designed and tested for the reactor ISD project, and a placement strategy for stabilizing the basin was developed. Based on structural engineering analyses and material flow considerations, maximum lift heights and differential height requirements were determined. Pertinent data and information related to the SRS 105-R Reactor Disassembly Basin in-situ decommissioning include: regulatory documentation, residual water management, area preparation activities, technology needs, fill material designs and testing, and fill placement strategy. This information is applicable to decommissioning both the 105-P and 105-R facilities. The ISD process for the entire 105-P and 105-R reactor facilities will require approximately 250,000 cubic yards (191,140 cubic meters) of grout and approximately 3,900 cubic yards (2,989 cubic meters) of structural concrete which will be placed over about an eighteen month period to meet the accelerated schedule ISD schedule. The status and lessons learned in the SRS Reactor Facility ISD process will be described.
Download or read book SAVANNAH RIVER SITE R REACTOR DISASSEMBLY BASIN IN SITU DECOMMISSIONING written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US DOE concept for facility in-situ decommissioning (ISD) is to physically stabilize and isolate in tact, structurally sound facilities that are no longer needed for their original purpose of, i.e., generating (reactor facilities), processing(isotope separation facilities) or storing radioactive materials. The 105-R Disassembly Basin is the first SRS reactor facility to undergo the in-situ decommissioning (ISD) process. This ISD process complies with the105-R Disassembly Basin project strategy as outlined in the Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis for the Grouting of the R-Reactor Disassembly Basin at the Savannah River Site and includes: (1) Managing residual water by solidification in-place or evaporation at another facility; (2) Filling the below grade portion of the basin with cementitious materials to physically stabilize the basin and prevent collapse of the final cap - Sludge and debris in the bottom few feet of the basin will be encapsulated between the basin floor and overlying fill material to isolate if from the environment; (3) Demolishing the above grade portion of the structure and relocating the resulting debris to another location or disposing of the debris in-place; and (4) Capping the basin area with a concrete slab which is part of an engineered cap to prevent inadvertent intrusion. The estimated total grout volume to fill the 105-R Reactor Disassembly Basin is 24,424 cubic meters or 31,945 cubic yards. Portland cement-based structural fill materials were design and tested for the reactor ISD project and a placement strategy for stabilizing the basin was developed. Based on structural engineering analyses and work flow considerations, the recommended maximum lift height is 5 feet with 24 hours between lifts. Pertinent data and information related to the SRS 105-R-Reactor Disassembly Basin in-situ decommissioning include: regulatory documentation, residual water management, area preparation activities, technology needs, fill material designs and testing, and fill placement strategy. This information is applicable to decommissioning both the 105-P and 105-R facilities. The ISD process for the entire 105-P and 105-R reactor facilities will require approximately 250,000 cubic yards (191,140 cubic meters) of grout and 2,400 cubic yards (1,840 cubic meters) of structural concrete which will be placed over a twelve month period to meet the accelerated schedule ISD schedule. The status and lessons learned in the SRS Reactor Facility ISD process will be described.
Download or read book From Concept to Reality In Situ Decommissioning of the P and R Reactors at the Savannah River Site written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SRS recently completed an approximately three year effort to decommission two SRS reactors: P-Reactor (Building 105-P) and R-Reactor (Building 105-R). Completed in December 2011, the concurrent decommissionings marked the completion of two relatively complex and difficult facility disposition projects at the SRS. Buildings 105-P and 105-R began operating as production reactors in the early 1950s with the mission of producing weapons material (e.g., tritium and plutonium-239). The 'P' Reactor and was shutdown in 1991 while the 'R' Reactor and was shutdown in 1964. In the intervening period between shutdown and deactivation & decommissioning (D & D), Buildings 105-P and 105-R saw limited use (e.g., storage of excess heavy water and depleted uranium oxide). For Building 105-P, deactivation was initiated in April 2007 and was essentially complete by June 2010. For Building 105-R, deactivation was initiated in August 2008 and was essentially complete by September 2010. For both buildings, the primary objective of deactivation was to remove/mitigate hazards associated with the remaining hazardous materials, and thus prepare the buildings for in-situ decommissioning. Deactivation removed the following hazardous materials to the extent practical: combustibles/flammables, residual heavy water, acids, friable asbestos (as needed to protect workers performing deactivation and decommissioning), miscellaneous chemicals, lead/brass components, Freon(reg sign), oils, mercury/PCB containing components, mold and some radiologically-contaminated equipment. In addition to the removal of hazardous materials, deactivation included the removal of hazardous energy, exterior metallic components (representing an immediate fall hazard), and historical artifacts along with the evaporation of water from the two Disassembly Basins. Finally, so as to facilitate occupancy during the subsequent in-situ decommissioning, deactivation implemented repairs to the buildings and provided temporary power.
Download or read book Safe Shutdown and Deactivation of the 105 K Disassembly Basin at the Savannah River Site written by T. Woodsmall and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear production reactors at the Savannah River Site (SRS) were operated for several years in support of the United States nuclear weapons program. When this overall mission ended, the 105-K and 105-L reactors continued to perform vital missions, including the safe storage of spent nuclear fuel. A spent fuel consolidation effort is underway at SRS, and part of this effort was the safe shutdown and deactivation of the 105-K Disassembly Basin. 105-K ceased reactor operations in the early 1990s and was converted to a nuclear materials management facility. Although not originally designed for long-term storage, the 105-K Basin performed well as an interim, underwater location for reactor fuel and other radiation sources. Following the de-inventory of spent fuel in September 2002, the need to operate the 105-K Basin was eliminated. During production, the Disassembly Basins were used to temporarily store irradiated components removed from the reactor vessel. They are large concrete pools containing approximately 3.4 million gallons of water to provide cooling and shielding for the stored components. In support of this mission, the Basins were furnished with equipment for maintaining water parameters, monitoring radiation, and handling and reconfiguring the fuel components. Some of this equipment is located within the Basin structures themselves, and other pieces are located elsewhere in the local reactor areas. 105-K Basin deactivation activities included the lay-up, removal, or abandoning of this equipment. Eventual decommissioning activities will likely follow the Site-established plan to evaporate much of the Basin water and use the remaining water to grout-in-place residual contamination and scrap materials. Traditional deactivation projects include a substantial reduction in overall facility surveillance and maintenance activities and a relocation of all non-essential personnel to alternate work locations. In this case, however, the Disassembly Basin is not an individual facility, but rather is an integral part of the 105-K reactor facility. This facility has enduring DOE missions that are vital to national security and the cost-effective management of DOE nuclear materials. Therefore, the usual method of restricting facility access could not be utilized to provide the deactivated end state of the Basin. The ongoing missions in 105-K necessitate its status as an occupied and operational facility, whereas other SRS reactor buildings that have been deactivated are kept locked. Although comprising its own wing of the 105-K building, the Basin has an interface with the rest of the facility that required certain isolation measures. This paper will describe the final fuel storage mission of the Basin prior to deactivation, the deactivation activities that were performed, the interface between the deactivated and operational portions of the 105-K facility, and will briefly touch on the eventual plans to decommission the Basin per the SRS methodology.
Download or read book Closure of the R Reactor Disassembly Basin at the SRS written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Facilities Disposition Division (FDD) at the Savannah River Site is engaged in planning the deactivation/closure of three of the site's five reactor disassembly basins. Activities are currently underway at R-Reactor Disassembly Basin and will continue with the P and C disassembly basins. The basins still contain the cooling and shielding water that was present when operations ceased. Low concentrations of radionuclides are present, with tritium, Cs-137, and Sr-90 being the major contributors. Although there is no evidence that any of the basins have leaked, the 50-year-old facilities will eventually contaminate the surrounding groundwaters. The FDD is pursuing a pro-active solution to close the basins in-place and prevent a release to the groundwater. In-situ ion exchange is currently underway at the R-Reactor Disassembly Basin to reduce the Cs and Sr concentrations to levels that would allow release of the treated water to previously used on-site cooling ponds or to prevent ground water impact. The closure will be accomplished under CERCLA.
Download or read book Deactivation of the P C and R Reactor Disassembly Basins at the SRS written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Facilities Disposition Division (FDD) at the Savannah River Site is engaged in planning the deactivation/closure of three of the site's five reactor disassembly basins. Activities are currently underway at 105-R Disassembly Basin and will continue with the 105-P and 105-C disassembly basins. The basins still contain the cooling and shielding water that was present when operations ceased. Low concentrations of radionuclides are present, with tritium, Cs-137, and Sr-90 being the major contributors. Although there is no evidence that any of the basins have leaked, the 50-year-old facilities will eventually contaminate the surrounding groundwaters. The FDD is pursuing a pro-active solution to close the basins in-place and prevent a release to the groundwater. In-situ ion-exchange is currently underway at the R-Reactor Disassembly Basin to reduce the Cs and Sr concentrations to levels that would allow release of the treated water to previously used on-site cooling ponds. A NEPA Environm ental Assessment (EA) is being prepared to propose the preferred closure alternative for each of the three basins. The EA will be the primary mechanism to inform the public and gain stakeholder and regulatory approval.
Download or read book Heavy Water Components Test Reactor Decommissioning Major Component Removal written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Heavy Water Components Test Reactor (HWCTR) facility (Figure 1) was built in 1961, operated from 1962 to 1964, and is located in the northwest quadrant of the Savannah River Site (SRS) approximately three miles from the site boundary. The HWCTR facility is on high, well-drained ground, about 30 meters above the water table. The HWCTR was a pressurized heavy water test reactor used to develop candidate fuel designs for heavy water power reactors. It was not a defense-related facility like the materials production reactors at SRS. The reactor was moderated with heavy water and was rated at 50 megawatts thermal power. In December of 1964, operations were terminated and the facility was placed in a standby condition as a result of the decision by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission to redirect research and development work on heavy water power reactors to reactors cooled with organic materials. For about one year, site personnel maintained the facility in a standby status, and then retired the reactor in place. In 1965, fuel assemblies were removed, systems that contained heavy water were drained, fluid piping systems were drained, deenergized and disconnected and the spent fuel basin was drained and dried. The doors of the reactor facility were shut and it wasn't until 10 years later that decommissioning plans were considered and ultimately postponed due to budget constraints. In the early 1990s, DOE began planning to decommission HWCTR again. Yet, in the face of new budget constraints, DOE deferred dismantlement and placed HWCTR in an extended surveillance and maintenance mode. The doors of the reactor facility were welded shut to protect workers and discourage intruders. The $1.6 billion allocation from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act to SRS for site clean up at SRS has opened the doors to the HWCTR again - this time for final decommissioning. During the lifetime of HWCTR, 36 different fuel assemblies were tested in the facility. Ten of these experienced cladding failures as operational capabilities of the different designs were being established. In addition, numerous spills of heavy water occurred within the facility. Currently, radiation and radioactive contamination levels are low within HWCTR with most of the radioactivity contained within the reactor vessel. There are no known insults to the environment, however with the increasing deterioration of the facility, the possibility exists that contamination could spread outside the facility if it is not decommissioned. An interior panoramic view of the ground floor elevation taken in August 2009 is shown in Figure 2. The foreground shows the transfer coffin followed by the reactor vessel and control rod drive platform in the center. Behind the reactor vessel is the fuel pool. Above the ground level are the polar crane and the emergency deluge tank at the top of the dome. Note the considerable rust and degradation of the components and the interior of the containment building. Alternative studies have concluded that the most environmentally safe, cost effective option for final decommissioning is to remove the reactor vessel, steam generators, and all equipment above grade including the dome. Characterization studies along with transport models have concluded that the remaining below grade equipment that is left in place including the transfer coffin will not contribute any significant contamination to the environment in the future. The below grade space will be grouted in place. A concrete cover will be placed over the remaining footprint and the groundwater will be monitored for an indefinite period to ensure compliance with environmental regulations. The schedule for completion of decommissioning is late FY2011. This paper describes the concepts planned in order to remove the major components including the dome, the reactor vessel (RV), the two steam generators (SG), and relocating the transfer coffin (TC).
Download or read book Federal Register Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eggs and Egg Products written by United States Tariff Commission and published by . This book was released on 1929 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heart life in Song written by Frances Harrison Marr and published by . This book was released on 1883 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 2028 End written by Gabriel Erb and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-12 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: God created a game - it's called The Game of Life. Planet Earth is the playing field, the 10 love commandments are the rules, and we humans are the players who can win or lose. The game is played by two teams, like the game of football. One team's head coach is Jesus and the other team's head coach is Satan. All of us on earth are playing for one of these two teams! Gabriel Ansley Erb wrote the book "2028 END" in order to fully elucidate God's game clock scenario for The Game of Life as contained in the game's handbook, the Holy Bible. The handbook says, "God declared the end from the beginning" (Isaiah 46:10) by using 7 days in the creation event. Each 24 hour creation day foretold of a future 1,000 year period for a total 7,000 year plan God had for The Game of Life to be played on planet earth. And amazingly, to confirm this is all true, God hid a secret prophesy in each creation day foretelling the greatest event He had planned to occur in that day's future millennium!Consequently, Creation day 1 foretold Adam & Eve's fall, which was fulfilled during earth's 1st millennium. Creation day 2 foretold Noah's global flood, which was fulfilled during earth's 2nd millennium. Creation day 3 foretold Moses' Red Sea parting, which was fulfilled during earth's 3rd millennium. Creation day 4 foretold of John the Baptist & Jesus Christ, and so they lived and died during earth's 4th millennium. And the prophecies continue with each Creation day!Gabriel proves all of the above, carefully revealing the prophetic Scriptures as well as the fulfillment Scriptures. Then he reveals a dozen Scriptures proving Christ died earth's 4,000 year and will return earth's 6,000 year. Finally, he proves Christ died Feast of Passover AD 28 and will return Feast of Trumpets 2028. For those who read this book, it is an open and shut case: The Game of Life will end 2,000 years from the year of Christ's death on the cross - AD 2028.
Download or read book I Have a Dog written by Charlotte Lance and published by Allen & Unwin. This book was released on 2014-05-01 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I have a dog. An inconvenient dog. When I wake up, my dog is inconvenient. When I'm getting dressed, my dog is inconvenient. And when I'm making tunnels, my dog is SUPER inconvenient. But sometimes, an inconvenient dog can be big and warm and cuddly. Sometimes, an inconvenient dog can be the most comforting friend in the whole wide world.
Download or read book The Dare written by Harley Laroux and published by . This book was released on 2023-10-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jessica Martin is not a nice girl. As Prom Queen and Captain of the cheer squad, she'd ruled her school mercilessly, looking down her nose at everyone she deemed unworthy. The most unworthy of them all? The "freak," Manson Reed: her favorite victim. But a lot changes after high school. A freak like him never should have ended up at the same Halloween party as her. He never should have been able to beat her at a game of Drink or Dare. He never should have been able to humiliate her in front of everyone. Losing the game means taking the dare: a dare to serve Manson for the entire night as his slave. It's a dare that Jessica's pride - and curiosity - won't allow her to refuse. What ensues is a dark game of pleasure and pain, fear and desire. Is it only a game? Only revenge? Only a dare? Or is it something more? The Dare is an 18+ erotic romance novella and a prequel to the Losers Duet. Reader discretion is strongly advised. This book contains graphic sexual scenes, intense scenes of BDSM, and strong language. A full content note can be found in the front matter of the book.
Download or read book Trek Celebration written by James Van Hise and published by Movie Publisher Services. This book was released on 1994 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles of Economics Volume 2 written by Frank William Taussig and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frank William Taussig's Principles of Economics provides a comprehensive overview of the principles and theories that underpin modern economics. Covering topics such as production, distribution, and consumption, this book is essential reading for anyone interested in economics and its practical applications. With clear explanations and real-world examples, Taussig demystifies economic concepts and makes them accessible to all. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Demosthenes and the Last Days of Greek Freedom 384 322 B C written by Sir Arthur Wallace Pickard-Cambridge and published by New York : G.P. Putnam's. This book was released on 1914 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
