Download or read book Role of Epigenetic Modifications on Diet Induced Metabolic Diseases written by Anna Alisi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Handbook of Nutrition Diet and Epigenetics written by Vinood B. Patel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multivolume reference work addresses the fact that the well being of humankind is predicated not only on individuals receiving adequate nutrition but also on their genetic makeup. The work includes more than 100 chapters organized in the following major sections: Introduction and Overview; Epigenetics of Organs and Diseases in Relation to Diet and Nutrition; Detailed Processes in Epigenetics of Diet and Nutrition; Modulating Epigenetics with Diet and Nutrition; and Practical Techniques. While it is well known that genes may encode proteins responsible for structural and dynamic components, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that nutrition itself may alter the way in which genes are expressed via the process of epigenetics. This is where chemically imposed alteration in the DNA sequence occurs or where the functional expression of DNA is modulated. This may include changes in DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, chromatin, histone acetylation or methylation, and genomic imprinting. Knowledge regarding the number of dietary components that impact on epigenetic processes is increasing almost daily. Marshalling all the information on the complex relationships between diet, nutrition, and epigenetic processes is somewhat difficult due to the wide myriad of material. It is for this reason that the present work has been compiled.
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms in Nutritional Epigenetics written by Luis M. Vaschetto and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrition and Epigenetics written by Emily Ho and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition and Epigenetics presents new information on the action of diet and nutritional determinants in regulating the epigenetic control of gene expression in health and disease. Each chapter gives a unique perspective on a different nutritional or dietary component or group of components, and reveals novel mechanisms by which dietary factors modulate the epigenome and affect development processes, chronic disease, and the aging process. This pivotal text: Documents the epigenetic effect of antioxidants and their health benefits Adds to the understanding of mechanisms leading to disease susceptibility and healthy aging Illustrates that the epigenetic origins of disease occur in early (fetal) development Synthesizes the data regarding nutrient and epigenomic interactions Nutrition and Epigenetics highlights the interactions among nutrients, epigenetics, and health, providing an essential resource for scientists and clinical researchers interested in nutrition, aging, and metabolic diseases.
Download or read book Nutrition Epigenetic Mechanisms and Human Disease written by Nilanjana Maulik and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-12-03 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As nutrition research is shifting its focus from epidemiology and physiology to effects of nutrients at the molecular level, a uniquely tailored diet that corresponds to the demands of our genetic signature is emerging as an indispensable need. Using high-throughput genomic tools, nutrigenomics unravels the influence of micro- and macronutrients as
Download or read book Nutrition Epigenetics And Health written by Graham Burdge and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics is emerging as an important factor in risk of diseases of global importance including obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Unlike gene polymorphisms which have been the focus of understanding the role of inherited disease susceptibility for some time, epigenetic can be modified by environmental factors, in particular nutrition. Thus research into the role of epigenetics in disease has substantial potential for explaining the impact of the environmental factors such as diet on disease risk. Since epigenetic processes can be modified by nutrition, it may be possible to modify inappropriate epigenetic marks by nutritional interventions to reduce disease risk. This book will explore current understanding of the interaction between nutrition, epigenetics and disease risk, will place this knowledge in the context of global health and discuss the ethical implications of this research.
Download or read book Nutrition in Epigenetics written by Mihai D. Niculescu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of epigenetics, or how heritable changes in gene expression are regulated without modifying the coding DNA sequence, has become an increasingly important field of study in recent years. Rapid developments in our understanding of the way in which gene function is modulated by the environment has revolutionized the way we think about human development and health. Nutrition in Epigenetics reviews the latest research looking at the interaction between genes and nutrients and the role they play together in maintaining human health. Nutrition in Epigenetics is divided into two primary parts. The first part provides key principles such as epigenetic mechanisms, developmental epigenetics, and the role of epigenetics in disease. The second part looks specifically at the application of epigenetics to the field of human nutrition. Chapters review the role of specific nutrients in modulating epigenetic status and the effect on health and disease. Nutrition in Epigenetics is an indispensable resource for researchers, professionals and advanced students with an interest in human nutrition, epigenetics, and biomedical research.
Download or read book Epigenetics in Human Disease written by Trygve Tollefsbol and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics is one of the fastest growing fields of sciences, illuminating studies of human diseases by looking beyond genetic make-up and acknowledging that outside factors play a role in gene expression. The goal of this volume is to highlight those diseases or conditions for which we have advanced knowledge of epigenetic factors such as cancer, autoimmune disorders and aging as well as those that are yielding exciting breakthroughs in epigenetics such as diabetes, neurobiological disorders and cardiovascular disease. Where applicable, attempts are made to not only detail the role of epigenetics in the etiology, progression, diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases, but also novel epigenetic approaches to the treatment of these diseases. Chapters are also presented on human imprinting disorders, respiratory diseases, infectious diseases and gynecological and reproductive diseases. Since epigenetics plays a major role in the aging process, advances in the epigenetics of aging are highly relevant to many age-related human diseases. Therefore, this volume closes with chapters on aging epigenetics and breakthroughs that have been made to delay the aging process through epigenetic approaches. With its translational focus, this book will serve as valuable reference for both basic scientists and clinicians alike. Comprehensive coverage of fundamental and emergent science and clinical usage Side-by-side coverage of the basis of epigenetic diseases and their treatments Evaluation of recent epigenetic clinical breakthroughs
Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
Download or read book Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Early Life Programming of Obesity written by James Casey McConnell and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutritional Epigenomics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-07-20 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutritional Epigenomics offers a comprehensive overview of nutritional epigenomics as a mode of study, along with nutrition’s role in the epigenomic regulation of disease, health and developmental processes. Here, an expert team of international contributors introduces readers to nutritional epigenomic regulators of gene expression, our diet’s role in epigenomic regulation of disease and disease inheritance, caloric restriction and exercise as they relate to recent epigenomic findings, and the influence of nutritional epigenomics over circadian rhythms, aging and longevity, and fetal health and development, among other processes. Disease specific chapters address metabolic disease (obesity and diabetes), cancer, and neurodegeneration, among other disorders. Diet-gut microbiome interactions in the epigenomic regulation of disease are also discussed, as is the role of micronutrients and milk miRNAs in epigenetic regulation. Finally, chapter authors examine ongoing discussions of race and ethnicity in the social-epigenomic regulation of health and disease. Empowers the reader to employ nutritional epigenomics approaches in their own research Discusses the latest topics in nutritional epigenomics in the regulation of aging, circadian rhythm, inheritance and fetal development, as well as metabolism and disease Offers a full grounding in epigenetic reprogramming and nutritional intervention in the treatment and prevention of disease, as informed by population-based studies
Download or read book Functional Food written by María Chávarri Hueda and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-08-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the concern of society about how food influences the health status of people has increased. Consumers are increasingly aware that food can prevent the development of certain diseases, so in recent years, the food industry is developing new, healthier products taking into account aspects such as trans fats, lower caloric intake, less salt, etc. However, there are bioactive compounds that can improve the beneficial effect of these foods and go beyond the nutritional value. This book provides information on impact of bioactive ingredients (vitamins, antioxidants, compounds of the pulses, etc.) on nutrition through food, how functional foods can prevent disease, and tools to evaluate the effects of bioactive ingredients, functional foods, and diet.
Download or read book Epigenetics of Aging written by Trygve O. Tollefsbol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-11 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have indicated that epigenetic processes may play a major role in both cellular and organismal aging. These epigenetic processes include not only DNA methylation and histone modifications, but also extend to many other epigenetic mediators such as the polycomb group proteins, chromosomal position effects, and noncoding RNA. The topics of this book range from fundamental changes in DNA methylation in aging to the most recent research on intervention into epigenetic modifications to modulate the aging process. The major topics of epigenetics and aging covered in this book are: 1) DNA methylation and histone modifications in aging; 2) Other epigenetic processes and aging; 3) Impact of epigenetics on aging; 4) Epigenetics of age-related diseases; 5) Epigenetic interventions and aging: and 6) Future directions in epigenetic aging research. The most studied of epigenetic processes, DNA methylation, has been associated with cellular aging and aging of organisms for many years. It is now apparent that both global and gene-specific alterations occur not only in DNA methylation during aging, but also in several histone alterations. Many epigenetic alterations can have an impact on aging processes such as stem cell aging, control of telomerase, modifications of telomeres, and epigenetic drift can impact the aging process as evident in the recent studies of aging monozygotic twins. Numerous age-related diseases are affected by epigenetic mechanisms. For example, recent studies have shown that DNA methylation is altered in Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmunity. Other prevalent diseases that have been associated with age-related epigenetic changes include cancer and diabetes. Paternal age and epigenetic changes appear to have an effect on schizophrenia and epigenetic silencing has been associated with several of the progeroid syndromes of premature aging. Moreover, the impact of dietary or drug intervention into epigenetic processes as they affect normal aging or age-related diseases is becoming increasingly feasible.
Download or read book Cancer as a Metabolic Disease written by Thomas Seyfried and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-18 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book addresses controversies related to the origins of cancer and provides solutions to cancer management and prevention. It expands upon Otto Warburg's well-known theory that all cancer is a disease of energy metabolism. However, Warburg did not link his theory to the "hallmarks of cancer" and thus his theory was discredited. This book aims to provide evidence, through case studies, that cancer is primarily a metabolic disease requring metabolic solutions for its management and prevention. Support for this position is derived from critical assessment of current cancer theories. Brain cancer case studies are presented as a proof of principle for metabolic solutions to disease management, but similarities are drawn to other types of cancer, including breast and colon, due to the same cellular mutations that they demonstrate.
Download or read book Poor Nutrition Leading to Potential Clinically Relevant Pathologies written by Aida Zarfeshani and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasingly prevalent 'Western style' diet is typified by an excessive intake of high caloric foods with little or poor nutritional value. Notably, the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) micronutrients have been linked with diet induced progression of metabolic syndrome. Branched-chain amino acids concentrations are increased in the plasma of obese and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and may be potential inducers of initial hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR). Specifically, the BCAA leucine (leu) has been highlighted as potentially significant for stimulating the secretion of insulin and promoting IR as a consequence. However, seemingly contradictory evidence suggests that leu may also be protective against the development of IR and T2DM. By examining the molecular mechanism underpinning the effects of leu on hepatic glucose metabolism (the central physiological mediator of systemic glucose homeostasis) I have arrived at a potentially parsimonious explanation allowing for a reconciliation of the many disparate observations about leu that exist in this literature. Specifically, leu supplementation is initially linked with a beneficial hepatic sequestration of 'circulating‘ glucose. However, this results in a consequential hepatic accumulation of triglycerides (TGs), through the activation of the glucose transporter solute carrier family 2 (SLC2A2), its transcriptional factor forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) and downstream genes. Thus, as a consequence of persistent dietary intake, the resulting metabolic ̳trade-off‘ in which enhanced glucose uptake in the shorter term leads to elevated TGs in the longer term, could account for the pathological appearance of intra-hepatic fat droplets and progression of fatty liver disease that is often associated with IR and metabolic syndrome. Notably, my studies link leu supplementation with intracellular signalling through the key metabolic regulator myostatin (MSTN) and the associated AMP-kinase (AMPK). There is a growing body of evidence that MSTN activity enhances systemic insulin sensitivity and prevents obesity. Further, I have identified a strong epigenetic component to this regulation and specifically, identify miR-143, miR-92b* and miR-335 as instrumental to the leu-dependent induction of hepatic MSTN, SLC2A2 and FOXA2. I have also explored the molecular basis of hepatic metabolic shifts resulting from free fatty acid (palmitate) supplementation. Multiple clinical studies identify palmitate as likely the primary FFA contributing to obesity driven by dietary excess. Again MSTN dependent signalling is found to be central to these responses, as are specific miRNA species, and in particular miR-335. A key terminal effector in this signalling cascade is the hepatokine fetuin A (FetA), which is linked pathologically with clinical obesity and promotes peripheral IR by reducing insulin sensitivity. My in vitro work establishes a mechanistic link between FFA supplementation and hepatokine induction, a central element of which is the epigenetic regulation of MSTN. To further test the validity of these latter observations and in an attempt to translate these lab bench observations to the clinical setting, I have also explored these pathways in the context of pre and post bariatric surgery. Currently the clinical intervention of last resort for morbid obesity, bariatric surgery encompasses a range of surgical procedures designed to lower dietary intake. Whilst each surgical approach results in similar levels of initial weight loss, the longer term outcomes would seem to vary particularly with regard to the remission of metabolic syndrome and associated complications. The current consensus from prospective studies of post surgery T2DM remission suggest that gastric bypass (GBP) is superior to other modalities such as sleeve gastrectomy (SG), However, relatively little is known about the mechanistic basis of the metabolic shifts resulting from these types of surgery, although FetA hepatokine expression has been described as a possible biomarker of efficacy. I have defined a specific set of circulating miRNAs for which post-surgery expression is strongly correlated with both decreased body mass index (BMI) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, but only following GBP and not SG. Of these, miRNA-355 is one of the principal regualtors of MSTN that I had identified in vitro in the context of MSTN dependent FetA expression following palmitate supplementation, suggesting that epigenetically regulated hepatokine expression may indeed be of clinical significance to the physiological changes initiated by GBP surgery at least. It remains to be seen why similar changes are not observed with SG, but clearly implies mechanistic differences in the biological responses initiated by the different surgical approaches. Collectively, the work presented herein illustrates the centrality of epigenetic regulation and of the MSTN-dependent signalling axis in underpining pivotal metabolic shifts invoked by two distinct micronutrient stimuli (BCAA and FFA), each of which is linked with deleterious consequences of dietary excess. Further, the relevance of these findings to understanding the observed features of metabolic syndrome is encouraged by the first steps that have been taken to recapitulate the initial in vitro observations in the context of clinical patients.
Download or read book Genes and Obesity written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of genes have been identified that are associated with an increased body mass index (BMI), the standard measurement of obesity. By analyzing these genes, researchers hope to gain a better understanding of what causes obesity and develop ways to tackle the problem. The study of genes and obesity could lead to new treatments. Genes and Obesity reviews the latest developments in the field. This series provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas Contributions from leading scholars and industry experts Reference guide for researchers involved in molecular biology and related fields
Download or read book Clinical Research in Diabetes and Obesity Volume 2 written by Boris Draznin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An unprecedented compilation of state-of-the-art advances in clinical research by premier clinical scientists around the world. This volume discusses the methods of clinical research and the interpretation of their results in studies of normal individuals, obese subjects, and patients with diabetes mellitus. Along the way, the authoritative contributors writing here illuminate how changes in the hormone action and substrate metabolism of healthy humans may lead to obesity and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
