Download or read book Clastic Rocks Associated with the Midcontinent Rift System in Iowa written by Raymond R. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle Proterozoic Midcontinent Rift System (MRS) of North America is a failed rift that formed in response to region-wide stresses about 1,100 Ma. In Iowa, the MRS is buried beneath 2,200-3,500 ft of Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and Quaternary glaciogenic deposits. An extremely large volume of sediments was deposited within basins associated with the rift at several stages during its development. Although the uplift of a rift-axial horst resulted in the erosional removal of most of these clastic rocks from the central region of the MRS in Iowa, thick sequences are preserved in a series of horst-bounding basins. Recent studies incorporating petrographic analysis, geophysical modeling, and other analytical procedures have led to the establishment of a preliminary stratigraphy for these clastic rocks and interpretations of basin geometries. This information has allowed the refinement of existing theories and history of MRS formation in Iowa. Additionally, drill samples previously interpreted as indicating the existence of early Paleozoic basins overlying the Proterozoic MRS basins were re-examined. Samples previously interpreted as deep-lying Paleozoic rocks are now known to have caved from upper levels of the drillhole and were out of stratigraphic position. No deep Paleozoic basins exist in this area. These investigations led to the development of petrographic parameters useful in differentiating the Proterozoic MRS Red clastics from Paleozoic clastic rocks having similar lithologies.
Download or read book Rocks and Landforms written by John Gerrard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geomorphology can be defined simply as the study of landforms. Landforms are the result of the interaction between what Ritter (1978) has called the driving and resisting forces. The driving forces or processes are the methods by which energy is exerted on earth materials and include both surface, geomorphological or exogenous processes and subsurface, geological or endogenous processes. The resisting forces are the surface materials with their inherent resistances determined by a complex combination of rock properties. Stated in these simple terms it would be expected that both sides of the equation be given equal weight in syntheses of landform evolution. However, this has not been the case. Until about the 1950s, geomorphology was mainly descriptive and concerned with producing time-dependent models of landscape evolution. Although the form of the land was the main focus, there was little detailed mention of process and scant attention to the properties of surface materials. There were, of course, exceptions. In the late 19th century G.K. Gilbert was stressing the equilibrium between landforms and processes. Many hydrologists were examining the detailed workings of river 'systems and drainage basins, culminating in the classic paper of Horton (1945).
Download or read book The Age of Everything written by Matthew Hedman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-08-13 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking advantage of recent advances throughout the sciences, Matthew Hedman brings the distant past closer to us than it has ever been. Here, he shows how scientists have determined the age of everything from the colonization of the New World over 13,000 years ago to the origin of the universe nearly fourteen billion years ago. Hedman details, for example, how interdisciplinary studies of the Great Pyramids of Egypt can determine exactly when and how these incredible structures were built. He shows how the remains of humble trees can illuminate how the surface of the sun has changed over the past ten millennia. And he also explores how the origins of the earth, solar system, and universe are being discerned with help from rocks that fall from the sky, the light from distant stars, and even the static seen on television sets. Covering a wide range of time scales, from the Big Bang to human history, The Age of Everything is a provocative and far-ranging look at how science has determined the age of everything from modern mammals to the oldest stars, and will be indispensable for all armchair time travelers. “We are used to being told confidently of an enormous, measurable past: that some collection of dusty bones is tens of thousands of years old, or that astronomical bodies have an age of some billions. But how exactly do scientists come to know these things? That is the subject of this quite fascinating book. . . . As told by Hedman, an astronomer, each story is a marvel of compressed exegesis that takes into account some of the most modern and intriguing hypotheses.”—Steven Poole, Guardian “Hedman is worth reading because he is careful to present both the power and peril of trying to extract precise chronological data. These are all very active areas of study, and as you read Hedman you begin to see how researchers have to be both very careful and incredibly audacious, and how much of our understanding of ourselves—through history, through paleontology, through astronomy—depends on determining the age of everything.”—Anthony Doerr, Boston Globe
Download or read book Records Briefs New York State Appellate Division written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book House Documents written by USA House of Representatives and published by . This book was released on 1870 with total page 1518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metasomatism and the Chemical Transformation of Rock written by Daniel Harlov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-14 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluid-aided mass transfer and subsequent mineral re-equilibration are the two defining features of metasomatism and must be present in order for metamorphism to occur. Coupled with igneous and tectonic processes, metasomatism has played a major role in the formation of the Earth’s continental and oceanic crust and lithospheric mantle as well as in their evolution and subsequent stabilization. Metasomatic processes can include ore mineralization, metasomatically induced alteration of oceanic lithosphere, mass transport in and alteration of subducted oceanic crust and overlying mantle wedge, which has subsequent implications regarding mass transport, fluid flow, and volatile storage in the lithospheric mantle overall, as well as both regional and localized crustal metamorphism. Metasomatic alteration of accessory minerals such as zircon or monazite can allow for the dating of metasomatic events as well as give additional information regarding the chemistry of the fluids responsible. Lastly present day movement of fluids in both the lithospheric mantle and deep to mid crust can be observed utilizing geophysical resources such as electrical resistivity and seismic data. Such observations help to further clarify the picture of actual metasomatic processes as inferred from basic petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical data. The goal of this volume is to bring together a diverse group of geologists, each of whose specialities and long range experience regarding one or more aspects of metasomatism during geologic processes, should allow them to contribute to a series of review chapters, which outline the basis of our current understanding of how metasomatism influences and helps to control both the evolution and stability of the crust and lithospheric mantle.
Download or read book Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 1662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Money Trade and Economic Growth written by Harry Gordon Johnson and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1962 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Official Organ of the Independent Order of Good Templars State of New York written by and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The California Earthquake of April 18 1906 written by California. State Earthquake Investigation Commission and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report of the Chief of Engineers written by United States. Army. Corps of Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1873 with total page 1332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supreme Court Appellate Division Third Department written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 1110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Summer Homes Among the Mountains on the New York Ontario Western Railway written by New York, Ontario, and Western Railway Co and published by . This book was released on 1898 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book United States Geological Survey Yearbook written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Summer Homes Among the Mountains on the New York Ontario and Western Railway written by New York, Ontario, and Western Railway Co and published by . This book was released on 1890 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The National Gazetteer written by Leo de Colange and published by New York : R. Worthington. This book was released on 1884 with total page 1136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stone an Illustrated Magazine written by and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
