Download or read book Risk and Expected Returns of Private Equity Investments written by Narasimhan Jegadeesh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We estimate the risk and expected returns of private equity using market prices of publicly traded funds of funds holding unlisted private equity funds and publicly traded private equity funds participating directly in private equity transactions. Based on the performance of these two types of listed vehicles, private equity has a market loading close to one and a significantly positive loading on the Fama-French SMB factor. Private equity performance is also negatively related to the credit spread in addition to the substantial exposure to stock market risk. The performance for listed vehicles exhibits greater systematic risk than the private equity performance index, an index based on the self-reported net asset value of unlisted private equity funds, because this index does not reflect market valuation changes in a timely manner. Finally, we find that the market expects unlisted private equity funds to earn annual abnormal returns between -0.5% and 2%.
Download or read book Risk and Expected Returns of Private Equity Investments written by Narasimhan Jegadeesh and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: We estimate the risk and expected returns of private equity investments based on the market prices of exchange-traded funds of funds that invest in unlisted private equity funds. Our results indicate that the market expects unlisted private equity funds to earn abnormal returns of approximately 1% per year. We also find that the market expects listed private equity funds to earn zero or marginally negative abnormal returns net of fees. Both listed and unlisted private equity funds have market betas close to one and positive factor loadings on the Fama-French SMB factor. Private equity fund returns are positively related to GDP growth and negatively related to the credit spread. In addition, we find that market returns of exchange traded funds of funds and listed private equity funds predict changes in self-reported book values of unlisted private equity funds
Download or read book Risk and expected returns of private equity investments evidence based on market prices written by Narasimhan Jegadeesh and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We estimate the risk and expected returns of private equity investments based on the market prices of exchange-traded funds of funds that invest in unlisted private equity funds. Our results indicate that the market expects unlisted private equity funds to earn abnormal returns of approximately 1% per year. We also find that the market expects listed private equity funds to earn zero or marginally negative abnormal returns net of fees. Both listed and unlisted private equity funds have market betas close to one and positive factor loadings on the Fama-French SMB factor. Private equity fund returns are positively related to GDP growth and negatively related to the credit spread. In addition, we find that market returns of exchange traded funds of funds and listed private equity funds predict changes in self-reported book values of unlisted private equity funds.
Download or read book The performance of private equity written by Jörg Eschmann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-12-27 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Essay from the year 2010 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, , course: -, language: English, abstract: The European private equity market had achieved a considerable volume until 2008. Reasons for increasing the volume can be seen in the favourable economic development, low inflation and strong competitive pressure on the part of financial intermediaries. These led to falling swap spreads on the financial markets and increased the investors’ risk tolerance. Then, in September 2009, the investment business was depressed. The dreariness in the business with private equity participations or buy-outs could already clearly be read in the half-year figures on the market. The amounts invested also declined by just over one third. Due to a lack of awareness, private equity is still frequently associated with high risk. Investing in an individual company can sometimes be fraught with risk. Since private equity funds work in a highly specialised way and concentrate on specific sectors or industries, the investment in a single private equity fund can also be risky. The risk of default of an umbrella fund with investments in approx. 20 or more target funds, however, is very low due to broad diversification. While additional costs are incurred for the investor for the services provided by the umbrella fund, the expected return is still clearly double-digit, even after subtracting these costs. The average annual return on private equity is regularly 3 to 5% above the average annual yields of stock investments. Recent studies provide evidence that companies that were sold by private equity investors achieved an annual growth in value of 24% to 29% - comparable listed companies managed added value of only nine percent. Private equity investments are investments in not listed companies with a high risk of default, low fungibility and transparency. A higher return on the investments is inevitably necessary – and feasible.
Download or read book Private Equity written by Douglas Cumming and published by John Wiley and Sons. This book was released on 2009-12-31 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive look at the private equity arena With private equity differing from other asset classes, it requires a whole new approach for those trained in more traditional investments such as stocks and bonds. But with the right guidance, you can gain a firm understanding of everything private equity has to offer. This reliable resource provides a comprehensive view of private equity by describing the current state of research and best practices in this arena. Issues addressed include the structure of private equity funds and fundraising, the financial and real returns of private equity, and the structure of private equity investments with investees, to name a few. Discusses the role of private equity in today's financial environment Provides international perspectives on private equity Details the regulation of private equity markets Filled with in-depth insights and expert advice, this book will provide you with a better understanding of private equity structures and put you in a better position to measure and analyze their performance.
Download or read book Performance of Private Equity Funds written by Taro Niggemann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2005-09-20 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1.0, Otto Beisheim School of Management Vallendar, course: Doppeldiplomprogramm WHU Koblenz / EM Lyon, language: English, abstract: Private equity is currently replacing hedge funds as the most observed asset class. And while mutual funds experience a decline of assets under management, buyout funds break all records as far as fund raising is concerned. The attractiveness of buyout funds among investors is often attributed to superior returns and to an allegedly lower correlation with other asset classes. However, buyout fund returns also show superior volatility. In addition to that risk factor, investors must face liquidity and transparency risk. It is common agreement that investors are compensated for the elevated risk through a return premium. This and the cited lower correlation prompt more and more investors to add private equity into their portfolios. The wide-spread opinion of superior private equity performance is backed by several studies. But the analysis of these studies reveal that a number of them employ methodologies which are disapproved of by experts on theoretical private equity performance measurement. Furthermore, some have a one-sided notion of financial performance. Benchmarking, risk and correlation data which are crucial for an overall performance assessment often lack. The analysis of a series of technically appropriate, objective studies shows that private equity has historically outperformed public equity with regard to returns, in Europe more than in the United States (US). What remains unsolved is to which extent this return premium rewards the inherent, additional risk of private equity investments. And what is more certain: the prevalent view on correlation seems to be wrong. Empirical evidence and qualitative analysis speak for high correlation between private equity and the major asset classes. The most important driver for individual fund performance appears to be the quality of fund management. Thereby, specialized teams outperform others. Moreover, specialized funds provide investors better opportunity to diversify their private equity portfolio. Fundraising and investment conditions for private equity funds in France and Germany are favorable, but the accomplishment of superior performance will become harder in the future. The rules of the private equity business are changing as operating leverage has replaced financial leverage as the essential value driver.
Download or read book Chasing the Deal with the Money written by Fernando Scarpati and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of scholars of private equity (“PE”) have sought to assess the performance of PE firms by adopting an ex-post perspective of asset pricing. In doing so a set of phenomena has been recognized that is thought to be specific to the PE sector. However, by continuing to draw on an ex-post perspective few scholars have considered the possible extent to which PE phenomena may affect expected returns from investments. To address this issue this article draws on an ex-ante perspective of investment decision-making in suggesting how a number of drivers and factors of PE phenomena may produce “abnormal returns”, and that each of those drivers and factors should therefore be considered in accurately assessing the required risk premium and expected abnormal returns of PE investments. Based on research of a PE investment and a telephone questionnaire to 40 PE firms in the EU the article suggests principally that while size is the most important driver in producing abnormal returns, illiquidity alone cannot explain the expected returns of PE investments. A predictive model of PE decision-making was then developed that draws on an ex-ante perspective of asset pricing and takes into account PE phenomena and abnormal returns.
Download or read book Value Creation of Private Equity written by Kevin Elsäßer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,0, European Business School - International University Schloß Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, language: English, abstract: Private equity companies are seen as high risk investment funds, trying to gain high returns on their investments in a period of around three to seven years. Even if the private equity industry has played an important role in growth or as an external financing source of established companies as well as newly-established companies, private equity investors are not seen as sustainable value creators. In various occasions, private equity funds are even declared as a greedy instrument to earn fast money. In order to analyse whether private equity companies create value in a sustainable way, this study compares the performance of private equity backed initial public offerings (IPOs) with non-private equity backed IPOs. Moreover, it analyses whether private equity backed IPOs outperform the market. This study evaluates the performance of private equity backed IPOs by performing two separate empirical analyses: one focusing on the UK private equity market - the largest private equity market in Europe - and one focusing on the entire European market. The research conducts a quantitative analysis of secondary data, more specifically by using stock prices of private equity backed firms, non-private equity backed firms and applicable benchmark market indices. Such data was obtained from multiple sources, such as the London Stock Exchange, Bloomberg and Yahoo Finance. In general, the study compares the performance of private equity backed IPOs with non-sponsor IPOs with regard to their price development and abnormal returns. The analysis is based on multiple independent analyses of each IPO. In order to provide a general understanding of this issue and to be able to interpret the research results, the paper discusses the theoretical framework and the findings of other authors. In recent decades, several authors have demonstrated their research on private equity based IPOs as well as the value creation of private equity firms. Based upon these, hypotheses are formulated, which are then subsequently tested using multiple research methods. In general, the study indicates that the majority of private equity firms do not create sustainable value. More than 50% of the analyzed private equity backed companies were not able to outperform the market benchmark indices. On average, private equity backed firms were able to significantly outperform the market in the UK. However, they were unable to perform equally well on a European level.
Download or read book Private equity investments from the investor s and the issuing companies point of view written by Anne-Kristin Rademacher and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-04-29 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3, University of Applied Sciences Essen, language: English, abstract: The paper on hand aims at analyzing the financial model private equity from participants’ point of view. The introduction has shown the importance for the overall economy. Questions of the paper are: what are the criteria for successful investments for both parties; what are the advantages respectively difficulties from the perspectives of investors and issuers of private equity? In order to systematically approach the questions the author first provides the fundamentals of the concept. In a second step benefits and risks for the participants in private equity investments will be described. A simultaneous assessment of these will result in an overview reflecting potential profits and losses. The analysis focusses on theoretical descriptions; practical applications will not be considered. Information and data gathering is based on secondary literature.
Download or read book Private Equity Demystified written by John Gilligan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-04 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with risk capital provided for established firms outside the stock market, private equity, which has grown rapidly over the last three decades, yet is largely poorly understood. Although it has often been criticized in the public mind as being short termist and having adverse consequences for employment, in reality this is far from the case. Here, John Gilligan and Mike Wright dispel some of the biggest myths and misconceptions about private equity. The book provides a unique and authoritative source from a leading practitioner and academic for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers that explains in detail what private equity involves and reviews systematic evidence of what the impact of private equity has been. Written in a highly accessible style, the book takes the reader through what private equity means, the different actors involved, and issues concerning sourcing, checking out, valuing, and structuring deals. The various themes from the systematic academic evidence are highlighted in numerous summary vignettes placed alongside the text that discuss the practical aspects. The main part of the work concludes with an up-to-date discussion by the authors, informed commentators on the key issues in the lively debate about private equity. The book further contains summary tables of the academic research carried out over the past three decades across the private equity landscape including: the returns to investors, economic performance, impact on R&D and employees, and the longevity and life-cycle of private equity backed deals.
Download or read book Private Equity Critical analysis from the points of view of investors and target companies written by Henning Wenzel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-02-19 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,7, University of applied sciences, Cologne, course: International Investment & Controlling, language: English, abstract: Private Equity plays an increasingly important role in the financing of a wide range of businesses. Over the past 20 years, private equity has been on of the fastest growing markets for corporate finance. One of the reasons the private equity industry exist is that, in many cases, companies have needs for capital which, for various reasons, cannot be met from the public markets. Investors that provide capital to private equity funds invest in an asset class that entails relatively high-risk and high illiquidity in what remains a largely unregulated market. Planning how to exit an investment is just as important as preparing to make one because a merger adds value only if synergy, better management, or other changes make the two firms worth more together than apart. The target companies are supported with accountants, lawyers, investment bankers and other specialists. Especially Start-up companies are often characterised by negative cash flows and demand high investments. PE gives the chance to reduce the financial gap between selffinancing and stock exchange listing and can also help to improve the equity ratio. Another advantage of PE for target companies is the increase of equity and an improved balance sheet structure. Regarding to that, the negotiating position is strengthened towards creditors, the credit rating is improved and the financial room for investments increases. The main disadvantage of PE for target companies is the weakened influence of the initial shareholders. Especially different strategically views between those two groups might be difficult to solve. Due to the fact of the high risk, from the investors’ perspective, PE is a very interesting form of investment. Especially under diversification aspects the investment in PE funds make sense, because the investors offer investment opportunities that can not be replicated in the financial market and on top of that have a low correlation with other asset class. The firms standard practice of buying businesses and then, after steering them through a transition of rapid performance improvement and selling them is at the core of private equity’s success.
Download or read book Risk and Return of Private Equity written by Ludovic Phalippou and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I cover the different methods to measure risk and return of investing into private equity (also called buyout). However, the reader may bear in mind that the challenges and methods are very similar for other assets classes such as venture capital, real estate or mezzanine. In terms of vocabulary, I call a (portfolio) company the entity receiving the financing from a private equity fund, and private equity firm the organization running private equity funds (e.g. KKR funds, Bain capital funds). The capital committed to private equity funds increased from $3.5 billion in 1984 to over $300 billion in 2007 and more than $1 trillion of assets are estimated to be in the hand of private equity funds in 2007. This growth has often been attributed to a widespread belief of stellar performance and low risk but no rate of return has even been shown in support of this belief (only some multiples or IRRs) and no risk measure has been computed. Recent academic evidence which I document below is at odd with this belief.In this chapter, I review studies of risk and return of private equity which I complement with original empirical work. I distinguish between four types of data. Each represents a different level of challenge for measuring risk and return. From the easiest to the most difficult: i) publicly traded vehicles, ii) round valuation data [the econometrician knows the initial and final value of the investment but does not know the time-series of investment values; there is no intermediary cash-flows], iii) investment level [cash flows realized by the fund from an investment], and iv) fund level [cash flows faced by investors for their stake in a fund]. In the last two cases, the econometrician does not have a correspondence between each amount distributed and invested. These two cases require the same method, are most challenging and are the most relevant in practice.
Download or read book Publicy listed private equity written by Marc Jacob and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-02-27 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 2,0, International School Of Management, Campus Frankfurt, language: English, abstract: In the following, I will point out the different business models, strategies and opportunities for private individuals to invest in the industry. The methods and analysis that are used in this paper are aimed to explain traded private equity to private individuals. In recent years, the term „private equity“ has become increasingly important in the financial industry due to strong returns and growing revenues. Not only was the industry able to improve its reputation, but it also grew to become more and more interesting for investors, even in risk-averse countries like Germany. The ability of the private equity industry to achieve high returns was driven by different factors, such as the high incentives for both private equity portfolio managers and for the operating managers of businesses in the portfolio. On the other hand, the aggressive use of debt provided by banks with low-interest rates helped the industry to invest with a high leverage ratio. While the industry was able to use financing and tax advantages, which are not open to other companies, they used the advantage of being less regulated. Additionally, the high confidence in the industry is a reason for the growing interest. A recent survey of institutional investors found that 49 percent of markets analysts expect private equity to outperform the public equity market by a strong 4 percent per year or more. In addition, 45 percent believe that private equity will outperform the public equity market by 2 to 4 percent per year. Because of this high confidence within the industry, private equity has grown to become one of the most attractive and an alternative investment opportunity. Especially in regards to the financial market with low-interest rates and high multiples in the public equity market, there are reasons as to why private individuals are seeking alternative investment opportunities. Due to a growing economy, private equity funds have had years of strong growth and have been the biggest winner in the ten-year cycle since the global financial crisis. The global private equity industry still has more than US$v3.1 trillion in assets under management with US$ 1.1 trillion in cash, or so-called ‘dry powder’, to invest, based on the research of data provider Preqin. While looking at the industry statistics, it is apparent that private equity is already on the same path that they have been on prior to the financial crisis that took place in 2007.
Download or read book Private Equity Funds written by Axel Buchner and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We derive a novel model of the cash flow dynamics and equilibrium values of private equity funds. Based on intertemporal capital asset pricing results for an investor with logarithmic utility, the model explains a life cycle of systematic fund risk and fund value. The closed form solution allows us to predict the typical dynamics of fund values, time varying systematic risk as well as expected returns, and considers market illiquidity. Our model calibration illustrates that a European sample of funds has an average risk adjusted excess value of 14 percent relative to committed capital, which amounts to average illiquidity costs of 1.4 percent annually. We show how equilibrium expected fund returns, systematic risk, and illiquidity discounts decrease over fund lifetime. As compared to venture capital funds, buyout funds on average exhibit lower systematic risk, faster payback, lower life cycle maximum values, but higher initial excess values.
Download or read book Valuing Private Equity Strip by Strip written by Arpit Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We propose a new valuation method for private equity investments. First, we construct a cash-flow replicating portfolio for the private investment, applying Machine Learning techniques on cash-flows on various listed equity and fixed income instruments. The second step values the replicating portfolio using a flexible asset pricing model that accurately prices the systematic risk in bonds of different maturities and a broad cross-section of equity factors. The method delivers a measure of the risk-adjusted profit earned on a PE investment and a time series for the expected return on PE fund categories. We apply the method to buyout, venture capital, real estate, and infrastructure funds, among others. Accounting for horizon-dependent risk and exposure to a broad cross-section of equity factors results in negative average risk-adjusted profits. Substantial cross-sectional variation and persistence in performance suggests some funds outperform. We also find declining expected returns on PE funds in the later part of the sample.
Download or read book Investing in Private Equity Partnerships written by Kay Müller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-17 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kay Müller provides insight into the monitoring activities of private equity fund investors and explores their information requirements. He analyzes the reporting of private equity fund managers, reveals information gaps and provides guidance on how to improve investor relations.
Download or read book Private Equity at Work written by Eileen Appelbaum and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private equity firms have long been at the center of public debates on the impact of the financial sector on Main Street companies. Are these firms financial innovators that save failing businesses or financial predators that bankrupt otherwise healthy companies and destroy jobs? The first comprehensive examination of this topic, Private Equity at Work provides a detailed yet accessible guide to this controversial business model. Economist Eileen Appelbaum and Professor Rosemary Batt carefully evaluate the evidence—including original case studies and interviews, legal documents, bankruptcy proceedings, media coverage, and existing academic scholarship—to demonstrate the effects of private equity on American businesses and workers. They document that while private equity firms have had positive effects on the operations and growth of small and mid-sized companies and in turning around failing companies, the interventions of private equity more often than not lead to significant negative consequences for many businesses and workers. Prior research on private equity has focused almost exclusively on the financial performance of private equity funds and the returns to their investors. Private Equity at Work provides a new roadmap to the largely hidden internal operations of these firms, showing how their business strategies disproportionately benefit the partners in private equity firms at the expense of other stakeholders and taxpayers. In the 1980s, leveraged buyouts by private equity firms saw high returns and were widely considered the solution to corporate wastefulness and mismanagement. And since 2000, nearly 11,500 companies—representing almost 8 million employees—have been purchased by private equity firms. As their role in the economy has increased, they have come under fire from labor unions and community advocates who argue that the proliferation of leveraged buyouts destroys jobs, causes wages to stagnate, saddles otherwise healthy companies with debt, and leads to subsidies from taxpayers. Appelbaum and Batt show that private equity firms’ financial strategies are designed to extract maximum value from the companies they buy and sell, often to the detriment of those companies and their employees and suppliers. Their risky decisions include buying companies and extracting dividends by loading them with high levels of debt and selling assets. These actions often lead to financial distress and a disproportionate focus on cost-cutting, outsourcing, and wage and benefit losses for workers, especially if they are unionized. Because the law views private equity firms as investors rather than employers, private equity owners are not held accountable for their actions in ways that public corporations are. And their actions are not transparent because private equity owned companies are not regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Thus, any debts or costs of bankruptcy incurred fall on businesses owned by private equity and their workers, not the private equity firms that govern them. For employees this often means loss of jobs, health and pension benefits, and retirement income. Appelbaum and Batt conclude with a set of policy recommendations intended to curb the negative effects of private equity while preserving its constructive role in the economy. These include policies to improve transparency and accountability, as well as changes that would reduce the excessive use of financial engineering strategies by firms. A groundbreaking analysis of a hotly contested business model, Private Equity at Work provides an unprecedented analysis of the little-understood inner workings of private equity and of the effects of leveraged buyouts on American companies and workers. This important new work will be a valuable resource for scholars, policymakers, and the informed public alike.
