Download or read book Review of bone structure data generated by artificial intelligence based software of radiographs in comparison to micro CT image data written by Markus Fortacz and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bone diseases are a widely spread problem in the human ageing process. Early recognition is essential to an optimal treatment and deceleration of the etiopathology. Implementing a functional working automated software tool for analysing bone image data of radiographs could lead to an accurate and precise diagnoses and treatment. This Master Thesis aimed to examine the clinical applicability of the TX-Analyzer. The evaluation of the proper functionality as well as the effects on the outcome of the TX-Analyzer by changing the exposure parameters of the examined radiographs was the focus. The outcome of the TX-Analyzer was also compared with micro-CT image data to evaluate a possible correlation. 7 human femoral head bone samples were examined in 175 radiographs. The acquired radiographs were annotated and analysed by the TX-Analyzer. For every bone sample a dedicated spiral micro CT was performed and evaluated with the RadiAnt Viewer. The resulting data was further analysed and statistically prepared with GraphPad Prism 9. The Pearson correlation and a regression analysis were performed to evaluate correlation between the gained micro CT data and the BEV. Furthermore, a multifactorial ANOVA analysis was done to show the significance of the parameter changes to the effect of the data gained by the TX-Analyzer. The results of the Pearson correlation and the regression analysis show that HU values do not have a significant correlation to the BEV. However, the BEV is the most stable value evaluated by the TX-Analyzer according to the results of this study. With the acquired radiographs and the evaluation of the data instability of BSV and BVV could be discovered.The results of the repeated measures ANOVA show that the change of flattening filter has highly significant effect on the BSV (p value

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging written by Erik R. Ranschaert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-29 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a thorough overview of the ongoing evolution in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) within healthcare and radiology, enabling readers to gain a deeper insight into the technological background of AI and the impacts of new and emerging technologies on medical imaging. After an introduction on game changers in radiology, such as deep learning technology, the technological evolution of AI in computing science and medical image computing is described, with explanation of basic principles and the types and subtypes of AI. Subsequent sections address the use of imaging biomarkers, the development and validation of AI applications, and various aspects and issues relating to the growing role of big data in radiology. Diverse real-life clinical applications of AI are then outlined for different body parts, demonstrating their ability to add value to daily radiology practices. The concluding section focuses on the impact of AI on radiology and the implications for radiologists, for example with respect to training. Written by radiologists and IT professionals, the book will be of high value for radiologists, medical/clinical physicists, IT specialists, and imaging informatics professionals.

Download or read book Automated Microct Based Bone And Articular Cartilage Analysis Using Iterative Shape Averaging And Atlas Based Registration written by Lucas Junginger and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTION: Micro-computed tomography (u00b5CT) is a gold standard modality for 3D assessment of bone. Contrast-enhanced (CE)-u00b5CT is emerging as a powerful technology for 3D characterization of articular cartilage (AC) tissue, historically assessed via 2D histology. Volume-of-interest (VOI) selection of these tissues generally involves manual contouring, which is time consuming and leads to inter- and intra-observer variability. AC is also often analyzed in tandem with adjacent subchondral bone, further compounding these issues. The limitations of manual contouring can be mitigated by the application of semi-automated or fully automated segmentation, but given the inherent complexity of the joint tissues being imaged, few automated segmentation techniques have been described for u00b5CT imaging. Atlas-based tissue segmentation is an effective technique in which a pre-segmented, representative set of tissue volumes (an u201catlasu201d) is generated and registered onto an unknown image, automatically segmenting the tissues of the unknown image. Here we demonstrate the use of iterative shape averaging (ISA) to generate a multi-tissue atlas to automatically segment and analyze multiple tissues from u00b5CT data.METHODS: Under IACUC-approved protocols for unrelated studies, dissected distal femora from 50 adult Lewis rats (25 healthy limbs, 25 post-ACL rupture) were incubated in the contrast agent ioxaglate and underwent CE-u00b5CT imaging (u00b5CT-40, Scanco Medical) with 12 u00b5m voxel size. An experienced user performed manual VOI selection of epiphyseal trabecular bone and AC using manual contouring followed by intensity thresholding. These samples were then randomized into training sets of 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 samples (n=10 sets/group), and all other samples in the set were assigned to the test group. For the 1-sample atlas, a randomly selected sample was chosen as a representative atlas and registered onto test images. For all other groups, the training images were used to generate an average atlas using ISA (Fig. 1A). Briefly, training images were rigidly co-registered onto a random reference image, and an initial average was created. Subsequent rounds of non-rigid registration (NRR) iteratively refined the average until it converged on an average image and corresponding average multi-tissue atlas. Each atlas was then registered onto 10 randomly selected test images to segment epiphyseal bone and AC volumes. Segmentations were assessed against manual VOIs in terms of Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity, and specificity. Bone densitometry and morphometry and AC morphology measures were also calculated from each volume, and percent (%) error was calculated between atlas-based and manual segmentations. Differences were assessed via one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.RESULTS: Mean DSC and sensitivity for epiphyseal bone and AC increased with the number of input samples to the atlases, particularly DSC of AC tissue (Fig. 1B). Percent error for bone parameters and AC volume was within u00b15%, with decreased variance in atlases built from 10 or 20 training samples. Percent error in AC thickness was higher but remained within u00b110% (Fig. 1D). Atlases with 1, 3, and 5 inputs had rare cases of gross mal-registration of both bone and AC (Fig. 1C, D), whereas those from 10 and 20 inputs had no cases of mal-registration. The rate of highly accurate registration (DSC > 0.85) generally increased as more inputs were added (Fig. 1C).DISCUSSION: Automated segmentation of AC and bone from u00b5CT scans can be performed on healthy and degenerate femora with high accuracy via ISA and atlas-based segmentation. Atlases built from few samples were capable of accurate registration in most cases but were more prone to mal-registration. Incorporating more training images produced a more robust atlas, and 10 training images were sufficient to eliminate mal-registration. Bone morphometric and densitometric parameters all fell within u00b15% of those from manual segmentation. AC thickness was more variable u2013 within u00b110% error u2013 likely due to the much smaller tissue volume compared to epiphyseal bone. AC is generally adjacent to thicker tissues including ligament insertion sites and other soft tissues, and small differences in the tissue border can significantly impact resultant volume and thickness. Many parameters consistently exhibited positive or negative error, suggesting bias between manual and atlas-based segmentation, rather than inaccuracy, as the main source of error. In AC, where thickness increases near soft tissue borders, negative error in thickness and volume suggests that borders on atlas-derived VOIs may be more conservative than manual VOIs. This should not be taken to represent a weakness in either atlas-based or manual VOI selection, but rather an inherent difference in the two strategies.SIGNIFICANCE: Tissue segmentation is a highly time- and labor-intensive process and a source of variability in both preclinical and clinical imaging studies of joint tissues. Our work demonstrates that atlas-based segmentation could be a powerful tool to enable significantly faster and more consistent joint tissue segmentation of both healthy and degenerate limbs, accelerating the rate and sensitivity of imaging-based research.

Download or read book Computed Tomography written by Willi A. Kalender and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-07 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers a comprehensive and user-oriented description of the theoretical and technical system fundamentals of computed tomography (CT) for a wide readership, from conventional single-slice acquisitions to volume acquisition with multi-slice and cone-beam spiral CT. It covers in detail all characteristic parameters relevant for image quality and all performance features significant for clinical application. Readers will thus be informed how to use a CT system to an optimum depending on the different diagnostic requirements. This includes a detailed discussion about the dose required and about dose measurements as well as how to reduce dose in CT. All considerations pay special attention to spiral CT and to new developments towards advanced multi-slice and cone-beam CT. For the third edition most of the contents have been updated and latest topics like dual source CT, dual energy CT, flat detector CT and interventional CT have been added. The enclosed CD-ROM again offers copies of all figures in the book and attractive case studies, including many examples from the most recent 64-slice acquisitions, and interactive exercises for image viewing and manipulation. This book is intended for all those who work daily, regularly or even only occasionally with CT: physicians, radiographers, engineers, technicians and physicists. A glossary describes all the important technical terms in alphabetical order. The enclosed DVD again offers attractive case studies, including many examples from the most recent 64-slice acquisitions, and interactive exercises for image viewing and manipulation. This book is intended for all those who work daily, regularly or even only occasionally with CT: physicians, radiographers, engineers, technicians and physicists. A glossary describes all the important technical terms in alphabetical order.

Download or read book Multi axial Fatigue of Trabecular Bone with Respect to Normal Walking written by Mohammad Mostakhdemin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-10 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the analysis and treatment of osteoporotic bone based on drug administration, tracking fatigue behavior and taking into consideration the mechanical interaction of implants with trabecular bone. Weak trabeculae are one of the most important clinical features that need to be addressed in order to prevent hip joint fractures.

Download or read book Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention MICCAI 2019 written by Dinggang Shen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-12 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The six-volume set LNCS 11764, 11765, 11766, 11767, 11768, and 11769 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2019, held in Shenzhen, China, in October 2019. The 539 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1730 submissions in a double-blind review process. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: optical imaging; endoscopy; microscopy. Part II: image segmentation; image registration; cardiovascular imaging; growth, development, atrophy and progression. Part III: neuroimage reconstruction and synthesis; neuroimage segmentation; diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging; functional neuroimaging (fMRI); miscellaneous neuroimaging. Part IV: shape; prediction; detection and localization; machine learning; computer-aided diagnosis; image reconstruction and synthesis. Part V: computer assisted interventions; MIC meets CAI. Part VI: computed tomography; X-ray imaging.

Download or read book Forensic Human Identification written by Tim Thompson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-11-14 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identity theft, criminal investigations of the dead or missing, mass disasters both by natural causes and by criminal intent with this as our day to day reality, the establishment and verification of human identity has never been more important or more prominent in our society. Maintaining and protecting the integrity of out identity has reached

Download or read book Micro computed Tomography micro CT in Medicine and Engineering written by Kaan Orhan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-25 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on applications of micro CT, CBCT and CT in medicine and engineering, comprehensively explaining the basic principles of these techniques in detail, and describing their increasing use in the imaging field. It particularly highlights the scanning procedure, which represents the most crucial step in micro CT, and discusses in detail the reconstruction process and the artifacts related to the scanning processes, as well as the imaging software used in analysis. Written by international experts, the book illustrates the application of micro CT in different areas, such as dentistry, medicine, tissue engineering, aerospace engineering, geology, material engineering, civil engineering and additive manufacturing. Covering different areas of application, the book is of interest not only to specialists in the respective fields, but also to broader audience of professionals working in the fields of imaging and analysis, as well as to students of the different disciplines.

Download or read book Imaging based Numerical Study of Biomechanics and Bone Density Distribution in Human Alveolar Bone written by Kangning Su and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bone adapts to the changes of mechanical stimulus by bone remodeling activities. Bone remodeling results in the variation of bone density. This study presents the results of numerical simulations of biomechanics and mechanically adaptive bone remodeling in the human alveolar bone. Finite element models were built based on the micro X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT) images or clinical cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Strain in the alveolar bone under tooth loading or implant loading was calculated. Bone density distribution as a response to the mechanical stimulus was also computed. The results were in good agreement with experimentally measured strain using mechanical testing coupled with micro-CT and with the bone density distribution measured using clinical CBCT images. The models were used to predict the strain field with different implant positions. A number of numerical algorithms have been developed to model the adaptive bone remodeling under mechanical loads for orthopedic and dental applications. The parametric study examines the effects of several model parameters on the computed apparent bone density in mandible under normal chewing and biting forces. The density change rate was based on the strain energy density per unit mass. The algorithms used in this study containing an equilibrium zone (lazy zone) and saturated values of density change rate provided certain stability to result in convergence without discontinuous checkerboard patterns. The parametric study shows that when different boundary conditions were applied, the bone density distributions at convergence were very different, except in the vicinity of the applied loads. Compared with the effects of boundary conditions, the models are less sensitive to the choice of initial density values. Several models starting from different initial density values resulted in similar but not exactly the same bone density distribution at convergence. The results also show that, a higher reference value of mechanical stimulus resulted in lower average bone density at convergence. The width of equilibrium zone did not substantially affect the average density at convergence. However, with increasing width, the areas with the highest and the lowest bone density areas were all reduced. Moreover, the results of mechanically adaptive bone remodeling algorithms were compared with the information extracted from clinical images. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of multiple patients were collected and processed to obtain the standard outline of mandible and average bone density distribution on the sagittal cross-sectional at the center of lateral incisors. Finite element models were built to compute the strain and stress in mandible under normal chewing and biting forces. Bone remodeling algorithm was carried out using strain energy density per unit bone mass as the mechanical stimulus to compute the bone density distribution at equilibrium. The computed bone density distribution exhibited close agreement with that obtained from CBCT image analysis with a coefficient of correlation of 0.87. The bite forces applied on teeth were transmitted through the tooth roots to the bone surrounding them, thus stimulated high trabecular bone density (1.6 g/cm3) near the tooth roots. The bending and torsion moments on the sagittal section of mandible resulted in lower bone density near the center (0.5 g/cm3) than those towards the edge of the section. The results add new knowledge of anatomy and biomechanics of mandibles and provide a new method to compare the results of numerical simulations of mechanically adaptive bone remodeling to in vivo data. Also, 3D finite element models were built based on micro-CT images and the results were compared with those obtained from mechanical testing coupled with micro-CT. Bone-implant mechanics is one of the factors that contribute to implant stability and success. In this work, voxel-based finite element models were built based on the micro-CT images of human cadaveric mandible specimens before and after implant placement. The elastic moduli of bone elements were assigned based on the intensity values in the micro-CT images of bone-tooth specimens before implant placement to avoid the beam hardening artifacts and to increase the connectivity and accuracy of the models. The implant positions in the models were determined by the micro-CT images of bone-implant specimens after implant placement. The computed results show that high strain appeared at the bone-implant contact locations and manifested into the supporting bone, including the buccal and lingual bone plates, which were not in direct contact with the implants. The strain concentration in the buccal bone plates was more substantial than that in the lingual bone plate, because the buccal bone plates were thinner than the lingual bone plates. The average values of maximum principal strain in the buccal and lingual regions of interest (ROI) were in good agreement with those experimentally measured using mechanical testing coupled with micro-CT and digital volume correlation. The implant positions were then virtually changed in the models by translating the implant towards the buccal or the lingual direction. The computed strain in the buccal bone decreased when the implant was virtually placed in the models away from the buccal bone plate. The strain in lingual bone also deceased when the implant was virtually moved in the model from the center of the alveolar socket towards the lingual or buccal plate. The results indicate that the distance of implant to the buccal bone plate can affect the mechanical stimuli in bone, especially in the buccal bone plate, which may subsequently affect the bone remodeling process and buccal bone resorption.

Download or read book CT Based Quantification of Long Bone Structures with Open source Software written by Ikechi Ozoemelam and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osteoporosis has been identified to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortalityin developed countries. The diagnosis of osteoporosis is hinged on the quantification ofbone mineral density and the assessment of the microarchitecture of bone. To eficientlyimage the microarchitecture, high resolution imaging modalities including High resolutionperipheral quantitative imaging (HR-pQCT) is used. HR-pQCT is limited to the peripheralbone and therefore not suitable for imaging Long bones. It is, however, possible to extractinformation on bone quality from multi-detector CT images. A work-flow based on open-source software has been developed to determine bone quality near big joints. The workflow is based on the analysis of quantitative CT datasetsusing open source software ( ITKSNAP, IMAGEJ, and VolView) to quantify the relevantbone structural volumes. This work addresses the reproducibility of such workflow. Furthermore, the relationship between the volume ratios and patientdata( Age and sex) is established.*****Osteoporosis has been identified to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortalityin developed countries. The diagnosis of osteoporosis is hinged on the quantification ofbone mineral density and the assessment of the microarchitecture of bone. To eficientlyimage the microarchitecture, high resolution imaging modalities including High resolutionperipheral quantitative imaging (HR-pQCT) is used. HR-pQCT is limited to the peripheralbone and therefore not suitable for imaging Long bones. It is, however, possible to extractinformation on bone quality from multi-detector CT images. A work-flow based on open-source software has been developed to determine bone quality near big joints. The workflow is based on the analysis of quantitative CT datasetsusing open source software ( ITKSNAP, IMAGEJ, and VolView) to quantify the relevantbone structural volumes. This work addresses the reproducibility of such workflow. Furthermore, the relationship between the volume ratios and patientdata( Age and sex) is established.

Download or read book Bone Volume Fraction Measured Via Micro CT Imaging Is A Predictor For Hydraulic Permeability And Elastic Modulus Of The Trabecular Bone Of Human Lumbar Vertebral Bodies written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTION: Thanks to the technological advances in computer science and technology, and medical imaging, 3D computational modeling has the potential for becoming a fundamental investigative and diagnostic tool in spine orthopaedics. A major problem related to the modelling approach is the accurate assessment geometric and mechanical properties of the bones. To adopt computational modeling in clinics, one should be able to determine geometry and mechanical properties of the vertebrae with minimally invasive tools. CT imaging is a mildly invasive routine diagnostic method that can provide accurate geometric information about vertebrae. In addition, radiographic density of the CT images have been related to the elastic properties of bones, such as the Youngu2019s modulus [1-3]. The cancellous bone is a porous solid structure saturated with interstitial fluid and, therefore, its mechanical behavior has been described as poroelastic [4]. The morphology of the solid skeleton (size and density of the pores) relates to how quickly the fluid moves into the bone, and the physical parameter that quantifies the ease of this fluid motion is the hydraulic permeability. To our best knowledge, very few studies have characterized hydraulic permeability in vertebrae [5, 6]. In particular, Baroud and co-workers have tried to establish a relationship between hydraulic permeability and bone mineral density measurements with unsatisfactory results [6]. The objective of this study was to use a mildly invasive approach, such as micro-CT imaging, to measure the local vertebral bone volume fraction, in order to establish a quantitative empirical relationship among this bone morphological characteristic and vertebral mechanical properties, such as hydraulic permeability and elastic modulus.METHODS: Vertebrae L1, L2 and L3 of bone mineral density 0.895, 1.043 and 1.106 g/cm2 were obtained from 54 y.o. white male donor. Vertebral bodies were excised, and their caudal and rostral cortical portions were removed. Subsequently, each vertebral body was cut along the plane orthogonal to the axial direction to yield 3 slices of ~5mm thickness. Nine vertebral body slices (3 vertebrae x 3 slices => n=9) were used for indentation tests and, subsequently, for micro-CT imaging, see Figure 1. For the indentation test, the slices were embedded in a physiological saline solution and compressed in displacement control at the left posterolateral region by a cylindrical indenter (5mm diameter) connected to a servoelectric testing system (Instron E3000, Norwood, MA) equipped with a 5kN load cell. More specifically, a compressive ramp of 0.25mm/s was applied until reaching a displacement equal to 5% of the initial height of the sample. At the end of the ramp, the final displacement was held for 800 seconds. The time dependent reaction of the sample was measured at a sampling rate of 10Hz. The relaxation over time of the reaction force of the sample was curve-fitted with the solution of a finite element model (FEBio 2.6.2, University of Utah, UT) simulating the indentation test on a vertebral slice. More specifically, the computational model schematized the vertebral slice as a biphasic material with an isotropic elastic solid phase and fluid flow governed by Darcyu2019s law with constant hydraulic permeability. The geometrical characteristics (shape and thickness) of the computational domain were similar to those of the sample tested. Each computational domain comprised about 27,000 tetrahedral elements used to discretize the vertebral slice and the indenter. The results of the curve-fitting provided hydraulic permeability (K) and elastic modulus (E) of the sample. After indentation testing, the slices were imaged via micro-CT (SkyScan1176, Bruker BioSpin Corp., Manning Park, MA) at 50kV with 18uf06dm resolution. An open source image processing software (ImageJ, NIH) was used to measure the bone volume fraction (BV/TV), defined as the ratio of the volume occupied by the bone to the total volume, in the left posterolateral region of the samples. A regression analysis was performed to determine whether BV/TV is a predictor for K and E. RESULTS: Values of hydraulic permeability and elastic modulus of the samples ranged from 4.3u00b710-3 to 3.3u00b710-1mm4u00b7N-1u00b7s-1 and 3.18 to 18.95MPa, respectively. The measured bone volume fraction ranged from 0.11 to 0.36. The regression analysis showed strong relationships between BV/TV and K (R2 = 87.1%), with the permeability exponentially decreasing as the bone volume increased, see Figure 2. Similarly, a strong relationship between BV/TV and E (R2 = 71.9%) was also found, with the elastic modulus linearly increasing with the bone volume, see Figure 3.DISCUSSION: This study aimed at verifying whether the bone volume fraction, when measured via micro-CT image analysis, can be a good predictor of fundamental vertebral mechanical properties such as hydraulic permeability and elastic modulus. The vertebral mechanical properties were measured via indentation tests: the observed magnitude of the hydraulic permeability was in good agreement with those reported for other trabecular bones [7], while the values of the elastic modulus were smaller than those reported for vertebrae [8]. Regression analyses indicated strong relationships among BV/TV and the two mechanical properties K and E. In particular, as previously observed [6], the relationship between the permeability and the bone volume was found to be non-linear. SIGNIFICANCE/CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study identifies the bone volume fraction as a parameter measurable with the mildly invasive technique of micro-CT imaging analysis that can provide crucial information on the mechanical behavior of the human lumbar vertebrae. If similar results can be obtained with a routine diagnostic method as CT scanning, this study paves the way to the possibility of accurately modelling human vertebrae in vivo. REFERENCES: [1] Zannoni et al., Med Eng Phys, 1999. [2] Hodgkinson and Currey, J Mater Sci, 1992. [3] Rice et al., J Biomech, 1988. [4] Isaksson et al., J Biomech, 2006. [5] Ochia and Ching, J Biomech Eng, 2002. [6] Baroud et al., J Biomech, 2004. [7] Ochoa and Hillberry, Proc Ann Meet ORS, 1992. [8] Hernandez, Handbook of Biomaterial Properties, 2016. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This study was supported by Miami CORE (Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education) at University of Miami.

Download or read book Three dimensional Analysis of Bone Cellular Tissue from SR CT Imaging written by Pei Dong and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The osteocyte system has raised increasing interest in the recent years, since it is hypothesized to play an important role in orchestrating bone adaptation through mechanosensation and bone mechanotransduction mechanism. The osteocytes are deeply buried within the bone matrix, where their bodies are encysted in cavities called lacunae and their stellular processes are enclosed in tunnels called canaliculi. Together, they formed the lacuno-canalicular network (LCN). The geometry of the LCN is of importance since it is supposed to potentially affect and reflect the viability of the osteocyte and is supposed to be related to biomechanical constraints at the cell level. However, studying the LCN is quite challenging, due to limitations in an ideal imaging modality and the lack of quantitative analysis tools. In this thesis, we propose computational efficient and automated methods to quantify the 3D morphological properties of the LCN from synchrotron radiation (SR) micro / nano-CT images. For image acquisition, we used the SR micro/nano-CT setups installed on beamlines ID19 and ID22 at ESRF. A series of human cortical samples were imaged with spatial resolutions ranging between 3.5 μm to 60 nm. For the 3D assessment of lacunae, we used an image moment-based approach to calculate the volume, length, width, height and anisotropy of each osteocyte lacuna. We employed a fast algorithm to further calculate the surface area, the Euler number and the SMI of each lacuna. Validation of segmentation and experimental results on 13 bone samples are presented. For the 3D assessment of canaliculi, we propose a method to quantify the canalicular ramification around each lacuna. After segmentation, our method first labels each lacuna from the LCN. Then, a signature of the numbers of canaliculi at different distances from the lacunar surface is estimated through the calculation of topological parameters. Validation of this method and statistical results a large 3D SR micro-CT image of a human femoral bone sample are reported. We also improved the segmentation of the canaliculi and illustrated the feasibility of the application on a series of bone samples. We investigated a segmentation approach based on minimum cost paths and geodesic voting. A parallel computation scheme was implemented to reduce the computation times. The LCN was characterized by using the previous methods. Besides, we introduced the parameters from the Voronoi tessellation. Statistical results are reported on 8 large 3D micro-CT images, including around a hundred lacunae and the canaliculi. Future works will concern the improvement of canaliculi segmentation of from images at 300 nm as well as its evaluation and further characterization of LCN from SR CT images at both 300 nm and 50 nm. This work opens many perspectives for a better knowledge of the physiopathology of bone at the cellular scale.

Download or read book Hand Bone Age written by Vicente Gilsanz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-20 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, determination of bone maturity relied on visual evaluation of skeletal development in the hand and wrist, most commonly using the Greulich and Pyle atlas. The Gilsanz and Ratib digital atlas takes advantage of digital imaging and provides a more effective and objective approach to assessment of skeletal maturity. The atlas integrates the key morphological features of ossification in the bones of the hand and wrist and provides idealized, sex- and age-specific images of skeletal development New to this revised second edition is a description and user manual for Bone Age for iPad®, iPhone® and iPod touch®, which can be purchased and used separately from this book. The App can be easily employed to calculate the deviation of the patient’s age from the normal range and to predict a possible growth delay. This easy-to-use atlas and the related App will be invaluable for radiologists, endocrinologists, and pediatricians and also relevant to forensic physicians.

Download or read book A Comprehensive Evaluation of Methods to Determine Mechanical Properties of Long Bone written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 3D Remeshing of Bone Micro Structures from Micro CT MRI Images Using Grid based and Neural Network Techniques written by Oded Zaideman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Radiology of Osteoporosis written by Stephan Grampp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the aging population in the Western world, osteoporosis has become a major problem which is of interest to several medical disciplines: not only radiologists but also gynecologists, endocrinologists, rheumatologists, and orthopedic surgeons are involved in the management of this widespread condition. Functional imaging is becoming rapidly an important area of diagnostic radiology. Imaging of osteoporosis is another application of this recent addition to the armory of radiology. It is important that radiologists should be fully aware of the range of diagnostic modalities-conventional radiologic methods, dual X-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography, quantitative ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, etc. -that are now available for the diagnosis and the follow-up of osteoporosis, and know how to apply these sophisticated methods in daily clinical practice. Dr. S. Grampp is a radiologist with a longstanding interest in osteoporosis, and his previous publications on this condition are internationally known. He has been very successful in engaging several outstandingly qualified experts to contribute to the indi vidual chapters of this superb book, which provides a omprehensive c overview of our current knowledge of osteoporosis. I am confident that this volume will meet with great interest from radiologists and all other clinicians involved in the care of patients with osteoporosis and will encounter the same success as many previous volumes in this series.

Download or read book Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis written by Gobert Lee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents cutting-edge research and applications of deep learning in a broad range of medical imaging scenarios, such as computer-aided diagnosis, image segmentation, tissue recognition and classification, and other areas of medical and healthcare problems. Each of its chapters covers a topic in depth, ranging from medical image synthesis and techniques for muskuloskeletal analysis to diagnostic tools for breast lesions on digital mammograms and glaucoma on retinal fundus images. It also provides an overview of deep learning in medical image analysis and highlights issues and challenges encountered by researchers and clinicians, surveying and discussing practical approaches in general and in the context of specific problems. Academics, clinical and industry researchers, as well as young researchers and graduate students in medical imaging, computer-aided-diagnosis, biomedical engineering and computer vision will find this book a great reference and very useful learning resource.