Download or read book Retinal Computation written by Greg Schwartz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-08-07 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Retinal Computation summarizes current progress in defining the computations performed by the retina, also including the synaptic and circuit mechanisms by which they are implemented. Each chapter focuses on a single retinal computation that includes the definition of the computation and its neuroethological purpose, along with the available information on its known and unknown neuronal mechanisms. All chapters contain end-of-chapter questions associated with a landmark paper, as well as programming exercises. This book is written for advanced graduate students, researchers and ophthalmologists interested in vision science or computational neuroscience of sensory systems. While the typical textbook's description of the retina is akin to a biological video camera, the real retina is actually the world’s most complex image processing machine. As part of the central nervous system, the retina converts patterns of light at the input into a rich palette of representations at the output. The parallel streams of information in the optic nerve encode features like color, contrast, orientation of edges, and direction of motion. Image processing in the retina is undeniably complex, but as one of the most accessible parts of the central nervous system, the tools to study retinal circuits with unprecedented precision are up to the task. This book provides a practical guide and resource about the current state of the field of retinal computation. Provides a practical guide on the field of retinal computation Summarizes and clearly explains important topics such as luminance, contrast, spatial features, motion and other computations Contains discussion questions, a landmark paper, and programming exercises within each chapter

Download or read book Computational Retinal Image Analysis written by Emanuele Trucco and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-12-04 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Retinal Image Analysis: Tools, Applications and Perspectives gives an overview of contemporary retinal image analysis (RIA) in the context of healthcare informatics and artificial intelligence. Specifically, it provides a history of the field, the clinical motivation for RIA, technical foundations (image acquisition modalities, instruments), computational techniques for essential operations, lesion detection (e.g. optic disc in glaucoma, microaneurysms in diabetes) and validation, as well as insights into current investigations drawing from artificial intelligence and big data. This comprehensive reference is ideal for researchers and graduate students in retinal image analysis, computational ophthalmology, artificial intelligence, biomedical engineering, health informatics, and more. Provides a unique, well-structured and integrated overview of retinal image analysis Gives insights into future areas, such as large-scale screening programs, precision medicine, and computer-assisted eye care Includes plans and aspirations of companies and professional bodies

Download or read book New Trends in Neural Computation written by José Mira and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993-05-27 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural computation arises from the capacity of nervous tissue to process information and accumulate knowledge in an intelligent manner. Conventional computational machines have encountered enormous difficulties in duplicatingsuch functionalities. This has given rise to the development of Artificial Neural Networks where computation is distributed over a great number of local processing elements with a high degree of connectivityand in which external programming is replaced with supervised and unsupervised learning. The papers presented in this volume are carefully reviewed versions of the talks delivered at the International Workshop on Artificial Neural Networks (IWANN '93) organized by the Universities of Catalonia and the Spanish Open University at Madrid and held at Barcelona, Spain, in June 1993. The 111 papers are organized in seven sections: biological perspectives, mathematical models, learning, self-organizing networks, neural software, hardware implementation, and applications (in five subsections: signal processing and pattern recognition, communications, artificial vision, control and robotics, and other applications).

Download or read book Computational Retinal Image Analysis written by Emanuele Trucco and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Retinal Image Analysis: Tools, Applications and Perspectives gives an overview of contemporary retinal image analysis (RIA) in the context of healthcare informatics and artificial intelligence. Specifically, it provides a history of the field, the clinical motivation for RIA, technical foundations (image acquisition modalities, instruments), computational techniques for essential operations, lesion detection (e.g. optic disc in glaucoma, microaneurysms in diabetes) and validation, as well as insights into current investigations drawing from artificial intelligence and big data. This comprehensive reference is ideal for researchers and graduate students in retinal image analysis, computational ophthalmology, artificial intelligence, biomedical engineering, health informatics, and more. Provides a unique, well-structured and integrated overview of retinal image analysis Gives insights into future areas, such as large-scale screening programs, precision medicine, and computer-assisted eye care Includes plans and aspirations of companies and professional bodies

Download or read book Predictions in the Brain written by Moshe Bar and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-10 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When one is immersed in the fascinating world of neuroscience findings, the brain might start to seem like a collection of "modules," each specializes in a specific mental feat. But just like in other domains of Nature, it is possible that much of the brain and mind's operation can be explained with a small set of universal principles. Given exciting recent developments in theory, empirical findings and computational studies, it seems that the generation of predictions might be one strong candidate for such a universal principle. This is the focus of Predictions in the brain. From the predictions required when a rat navigates a maze to food-caching in scrub-jays; from predictions essential in decision-making to social interactions; from predictions in the retina to the prefrontal cortex; and from predictions in early development to foresight in non-humans. The perspectives represented in this collection span a spectrum from the cellular underpinnings to the computational principles underlying future-related mental processes, and from systems neuroscience to cognition and emotion. In spite of this diversity, they share some core elements. Memory, for instance, is critical in any framework that explains predictions. In asking "what is next?" our brains have to refer to memory and experience on the way to simulating our mental future. But as much as this collection offers answers to important questions, it raises and emphasizes outstanding ones. How are experiences coded optimally to afford using them for predictions? How do we construct a new simulation from separate memories? How specific in detail are future-oriented thoughts, and when do they rely on imagery, concepts or language? Therefore, in addition to presenting the state-of-the-art of research and ideas about predictions as a universal principle in mind and brain, it is hoped that this collection will stimulate important new research into the foundations of our mental lives.

Download or read book The Infinite Retina written by Irena Cronin and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2020-05-08 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compelling and insightful look at the future of Spatial Computing, and how this cutting-edge technology is changing the way we do business across seven primary industries, and what it means for humanity as a whole. Key Features Discover how Spatial Computing is changing the face of technology Get a roadmap for the disruptions caused by Spatial Computing and how it will affect seven major industries Gain insights about the past, present, and future of technology from the world’s leading experts and innovators Book DescriptionWhat is Spatial Computing and why is everyone from Tesla, Apple, and Facebook investing heavily in it? In The Infinite Retina, authors Irena Cronin and Robert Scoble attempt to answer that question by helping you understand where Spatial Computing?an augmented reality where humans and machines can interact in a physical space?came from, where it's going, and why it's so fundamentally different from the computers or mobile phones that came before. They present seven visions of the future and the industry verticals in which Spatial Computing has the most influence?Transportation; Technology, Media, and Telecommunications; Manufacturing; Retail; Healthcare; Finance; and Education. The book also shares insights about the past, present, and future from leading experts an other industry veterans and innovators, including Sebastian Thrun, Ken Bretschneider, and Hugo Swart. They dive into what they think will happen in Spatial Computing in the near and medium term, and also explore what it could mean for humanity in the long term. The Infinite Retina then leaves it up to you to decide whether Spatial Computing is truly where the future of technology is heading or whether it's just an exciting, but passing, phase.What you will learn Look back at historical paradigms that changed the face of technology Consider how Spatial Computing could be the new technology that changes our lives See how Virtual and Augmented Reality will change the way we do healthcare Learn how Spatial Computing technology will lead to fully automated transportation Think about how Spatial Computing will change the manufacturing industry Explore how finance and retail are going to be impacted through Spatial Computing devices Hear accounts from industry experts on what they expect Spatial Computing to bring to their sectors Who this book is for The Infinite Retina is for anyone interested in the future of technology and how Augmented Reality and Spatial Computing (among other developments) will affect both businesses and the individual.

Download or read book Computational Analysis Of The Human Eye With Applications written by Sumeet Dua and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011-04-21 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in semi-automated high-throughput image data collection routines, coupled with a decline in storage costs and an increase in high-performance computing solutions have led to an exponential surge in data collected by biomedical scientists and medical practitioners. Interpreting this raw data is a challenging task, and nowhere is this more evident than in the field of opthalmology. The sheer speed at which data on cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and other eye disorders are collected, makes it impossible for the human observer to directly monitor subtle, yet critical details.This book is a novel and well-timed endeavor to present, in an amalgamated format, computational image modeling methods as applied to various extrinsic scientific problems in ophthalmology. It is self-contained and presents a highly comprehensive array of image modeling algorithms and methodologies relevant to ophthalmologic problems. The book is the first of its kind, bringing eye imaging and multi-dimensional hyperspectral imaging and data fusion of the human eye, into focus.The editors are at the top of their fields and bring a strong multidisciplinary synergy to this visionary volume. Their “inverted-pyramid” approach in presenting the content, and focus on core applications, will appeal to students and practitioners in the field.

Download or read book Computational Analysis of the Human Eye with Applications written by Sumeet Dua and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in semi-automated high-throughput image data collection routines, coupled with a decline in storage costs and an increase in high-performance computing solutions have led to an exponential surge in data collected by biomedical scientists and medical practitioners. Interpreting this raw data is a challenging task, and nowhere is this more evident than in the field of opthalmology. The sheer speed at which data on cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and other eye disorders are collected, makes it impossible for the human observer to directly monitor subtle, yet critical details. This book is a novel and well-timed endeavor to present, in an amalgamated format, computational image modeling methods as applied to various extrinsic scientific problems in ophthalmology. It is self-contained and presents a highly comprehensive array of image modeling algorithms and methodologies relevant to ophthalmologic problems. The book is the first of its kind, bringing eye imaging and multi-dimensional hyperspectral imaging and data fusion of the human eye, into focus. The editors are at the top of their fields and bring a strong multidisciplinary synergy to this visionary volume. Their "inverted-pyramid" approach in presenting the content and their focus on core applications will appeal to students and practitioners in the field.

Download or read book Seeing second edition written by John P. Frisby and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-04-02 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible yet rigorous and generously illustrated exploration of the computational approach to the study of biological vision. Seeing has puzzled scientists and philosophers for centuries and it continues to do so. This new edition of a classic text offers an accessible but rigorous introduction to the computational approach to understanding biological visual systems. The authors of Seeing, taking as their premise David Marr's statement that “to understand vision by studying only neurons is like trying to understand bird flight by studying only feathers,” make use of Marr's three different levels of analysis in the study of vision: the computational level, the algorithmic level, and the hardware implementation level. Each chapter applies this approach to a different topic in vision by examining the problems the visual system encounters in interpreting retinal images and the constraints available to solve these problems; the algorithms that can realize the solution; and the implementation of these algorithms in neurons. Seeing has been thoroughly updated for this edition and expanded to more than three times its original length. It is designed to lead the reader through the problems of vision, from the common (but mistaken) idea that seeing consists just of making pictures in the brain to the minutiae of how neurons collectively encode the visual features that underpin seeing. Although it assumes no prior knowledge of the field, some chapters present advanced material. This makes it the only textbook suitable for both undergraduate and graduate students that takes a consistently computational perspective, offering a firm conceptual basis for tackling the vast literature on vision. It covers a wide range of topics, including aftereffects, the retina, receptive fields, object recognition, brain maps, Bayesian perception, motion, color, and stereopsis. MatLab code is available on the book's website, which includes a simple demonstration of image convolution.

Download or read book Front End Vision and Multi Scale Image Analysis written by Bart M. Haar Romeny and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-24 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many approaches have been proposed to solve the problem of finding the optic flow field of an image sequence. Three major classes of optic flow computation techniques can discriminated (see for a good overview Beauchemin and Barron IBeauchemin19951): gradient based (or differential) methods; phase based (or frequency domain) methods; correlation based (or area) methods; feature point (or sparse data) tracking methods; In this chapter we compute the optic flow as a dense optic flow field with a multi scale differential method. The method, originally proposed by Florack and Nielsen [Florack1998a] is known as the Multiscale Optic Flow Constrain Equation (MOFCE). This is a scale space version of the well known computer vision implementation of the optic flow constraint equation, as originally proposed by Horn and Schunck [Horn1981]. This scale space variation, as usual, consists of the introduction of the aperture of the observation in the process. The application to stereo has been described by Maas et al. [Maas 1995a, Maas 1996a]. Of course, difficulties arise when structure emerges or disappears, such as with occlusion, cloud formation etc. Then knowledge is needed about the processes and objects involved. In this chapter we focus on the scale space approach to the local measurement of optic flow, as we may expect the visual front end to do. 17. 2 Motion detection with pairs of receptive fields As a biologically motivated start, we begin with discussing some neurophysiological findings in the visual system with respect to motion detection.

Download or read book The Computing Dendrite written by Hermann Cuntz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-23 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuronal dendritic trees are complex structures that endow the cell with powerful computing capabilities and allow for high neural interconnectivity. Studying the function of dendritic structures has a long tradition in theoretical neuroscience, starting with the pioneering work by Wilfrid Rall in the 1950s. Recent advances in experimental techniques allow us to study dendrites with a new perspective and in greater detail. The goal of this volume is to provide a résumé of the state-of-the-art in experimental, computational, and mathematical investigations into the functions of dendrites in a variety of neural systems. The book first looks at morphological properties of dendrites and summarizes the approaches to measure dendrite morphology quantitatively and to actually generate synthetic dendrite morphologies in computer models. This morphological characterization ranges from the study of fractal principles to describe dendrite topologies, to the consequences of optimization principles for dendrite shape. Individual approaches are collected to study the aspects of dendrite shape that relate directly to underlying circuit constraints and computation. The second main theme focuses on how dendrites contribute to the computations that neurons perform. What role do dendritic morphology and the distributions of synapses and membrane properties over the dendritic tree have in determining the output of a neuron in response to its input? A wide range of studies is brought together, with topics ranging from general to system-specific phenomena—some having a strong experimental component, and others being fully theoretical. The studies come from many different neural systems and animal species ranging from invertebrates to mammals. With this broad focus, an overview is given of the diversity of mechanisms that dendrites can employ to shape neural computations.

Download or read book From the Retina to the Neocortex written by VAINA and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Courtnay Marr was born on January 19, 1945 in Essex, England. He went to the English public school, Rugby, on scholarship and between 1963 and 1966 studied mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge University where he obtained his B.S. and M.S. degrees. Rather than pursue a Ph. D. in math ematics he preferred to switch to neurophysiology under Giles Brindley. His education involved training in neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Marr's Ph. D. work resulted in a theory of the cerebel lar cortex, the essence of which became "A Theory of the Cerebellar Cortex," reproduced in Chapter 1 of this volume with a commentary by Thomas Thach. He wrote a short paper subsequently with Stephen Blomfield, "How the Cere bellum May Be Used," (Chapter 2 in this volume with commentary by Jack Cowan). After obtaining his Ph. D., David Marr accepted an appointment to the scientific staff of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge in the division of Cell Biology under Sydney Brenner and Francis Crick. Two other major studies, "Simple Memory: A Theory of the Archicortex" (Chapter 3 in this volume, commented on by Bruce McNaughton and David Willshaw) and "A Theory for Cerebral Neocortex" (Chapter 4 in this volume and commented on by Jack Cowan) followed the cerebellum study.

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of the Computational Mind written by Mark Sprevak and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-04 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational approaches dominate contemporary cognitive science, promising a unified, scientific explanation of how the mind works. However, computational approaches raise major philosophical and scientific questions. In what sense is the mind computational? How do computational approaches explain perception, learning, and decision making? What kinds of challenges should computational approaches overcome to advance our understanding of mind, brain, and behaviour? The Routledge Handbook of the Computational Mind is an outstanding overview and exploration of these issues and the first philosophical collection of its kind. Comprising thirty-five chapters by an international team of contributors from different disciplines, the Handbook is organised into four parts: History and future prospects of computational approaches Types of computational approach Foundations and challenges of computational approaches Applications to specific parts of psychology. Essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of mind, philosophy of psychology, and philosophy of science, The Routledge Handbook of the Computational Mind will also be of interest to those studying computational models in related subjects such as psychology, neuroscience, and computer science.

Download or read book Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020 written by Sergey N. Makarov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, took place between July 23 and 27, 2019, in Berlin, Germany. The focus was on "Biomedical engineering ranging from wellness to intensive care." This conference provided an opportunity for researchers from academia and industry to discuss a variety of topics relevant to EMBS and hosted the 4th Annual Invited Session on Computational Human Models. At this session, a bevy of research related to the development of human phantoms was presented, together with a substantial variety of practical applications explored through simulation.

Download or read book Nature of Computation and Communication written by Phan Cong Vinh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-03 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Nature of Computation and Communication, ICTCC 2021, held in October 2021. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually. The 17 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from 43 submissions. The papers of ICTCC 2021 cover formal methods for self-adaptive systems and discuss natural approaches and techniques for natural computing systems and their applications.

Download or read book Vision written by David Marr and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-07-09 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available again, an influential book that offers a framework for understanding visual perception and considers fundamental questions about the brain and its functions. David Marr's posthumously published Vision (1982) influenced a generation of brain and cognitive scientists, inspiring many to enter the field. In Vision, Marr describes a general framework for understanding visual perception and touches on broader questions about how the brain and its functions can be studied and understood. Researchers from a range of brain and cognitive sciences have long valued Marr's creativity, intellectual power, and ability to integrate insights and data from neuroscience, psychology, and computation. This MIT Press edition makes Marr's influential work available to a new generation of students and scientists. In Marr's framework, the process of vision constructs a set of representations, starting from a description of the input image and culminating with a description of three-dimensional objects in the surrounding environment. A central theme, and one that has had far-reaching influence in both neuroscience and cognitive science, is the notion of different levels of analysis—in Marr's framework, the computational level, the algorithmic level, and the hardware implementation level. Now, thirty years later, the main problems that occupied Marr remain fundamental open problems in the study of perception. Vision provides inspiration for the continuing efforts to integrate knowledge from cognition and computation to understand vision and the brain.

Download or read book Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing V written by Joao Tavares and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-14 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: VipIMAGE 2015 contains invited lectures and full papers presented at VIPIMAGE 2015 - V ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing (Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, 19-21 October, 2015). International contributions from 19 countries provide a comprehensive coverage of the current state-of-the-art in the fields o