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Book Rethinking Clinical Trials and Redefining Responsibility for Research Participants

Download or read book Rethinking Clinical Trials and Redefining Responsibility for Research Participants written by Ike Valentine Iyioke and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Rethinking Clinical Trials and Redefining Responsibility for Research Participants

Download or read book Rethinking Clinical Trials and Redefining Responsibility for Research Participants written by Ike Iyioke and published by Ethics International Press. This book was released on 2023-11-25 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a new treatment of clinical research ethics in an African context, and an indispensable resource for researchers, students, policy makers and research institutions interested in African research ethics. In re-appraising the African philosophical notion of selfhood, it argues for the need to re-conceptualize responsibility in clinical trials, pushing researchers to go beyond autonomy-based considerations based on the individual only, and to develop clinical trials that appropriately embed research subjects within their community and their environment. The African standpoint stresses communalism and communitarianism. As such, responsibility for, and by, the individual can only make sense through the community in which the individual is rooted. The book emphasizes the African viewpoint by making explicit the importance of the self in the re-contextualized arena of the community. It forces research ethicists to go beyond autonomy-based considerations for the individual only, and to appropriately embed research subjects within their community and their environment.

Book Rethinking the Ethics of Clinical Research

Download or read book Rethinking the Ethics of Clinical Research written by Alan Wertheimer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical research requires that some people be used and possibly harmed for the benefit of others. What justifies such use of people? This book provides an in-depth philosophical analysis of several crucial issues raised by that question.Much writing on the ethics of research with human subjects assumes that participation in research is a distinctive activity that requires distinctive moral principles. In most contexts, we allow people to choose the activities in which they engage. By contrast, people are permitted to participate in research only after Institutional Review Boards determine that it is appropriate for them to do so. Although we assume that consent to participate in research must be preceded by an elaborate disclosure of information, we make no such assumption in many other areas of life. Although it is thought to be morally problematic to provide financial inducements to prospective subjects, we make no such assumptions when we hire people as loggers, fishermen, and fire fighters. Although we readily accept the "off-shoring" of manufacturing, many regard the off-shoring of medical research with great skepticism. This book seeks to widen the lens through which we consider such issues. When we do so, we will find that many standard principles of research ethics are difficult to defend.The book first argues that because respect for "autonomy" has been a central tenet of research ethics, many have failed to recognize that the structure of the regulation of research is deeply paternalistic and have therefore failed to justify such paternalism. The book then rejects "the autonomous authorization" model that characterizes most writing in bioethics and argues for a "fair transaction" model. Although many worry that the use of financial payment to recruit research subjects is coercive or constitutes an undue inducement, the book argues that most of those worries are misplaced. Shifting its attention to research in developing societies, the book considers the claim that international researchers exploit research abroad often exploits its subjects. Finally, the book considers the claim that because researchers benefit from their use of research subjects, they acquire special obligations to them or their communities.

Book An African Research Ethics Reader

Download or read book An African Research Ethics Reader written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-05-30 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cultural research ethics is in a nascent phase within the field of research ethics as a whole and requires more attention and in-depth articulation. With specific case studies, this vital volume provides unique perspectives on topics such as social autonomy vis-a-vis interests of individuals. This volume assembles needed resources and case studies in cultural research ethics practices, providing insight into current developments and future research directions. It is a valuable contribution to cultural research ethics given the dearth of published literature available in this emerging field. It is designed with two broad audiences in mind: (1) African researchers and research organizations that want homegrown guidance about research ethics, and (2) research ethicists worldwide who can use it to learn about cultural research ethics especially with respect to Africa.

Book Rethinking Health Care

Download or read book Rethinking Health Care written by Max Heirich and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-12 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rethinking Health Care explains that the context for the reorganization of U.S. health care over the last several decades has been set by broader developments in the national and international political economies and shows how these health care developments have, in turn, affected the larger social and economic transformations that were occurring.

Book A National Cancer Clinical Trials System for the 21st Century

Download or read book A National Cancer Clinical Trials System for the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-08 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Clinical Trials Cooperative Group Program has played a key role in developing new and improved cancer therapies. However, the program is falling short of its potential, and the IOM recommends changes that aim to transform the Cooperative Group Program into a dynamic system that efficiently responds to emerging scientific knowledge; involves broad cooperation of stakeholders; and leverages evolving technologies to provide high-quality, practice-changing research.

Book Redefining Health Care

    Book Details:
  • Author : Michael E. Porter
  • Publisher : Harvard Business Press
  • Release : 2006
  • ISBN : 9781591397786
  • Pages : 540 pages

Download or read book Redefining Health Care written by Michael E. Porter and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. health care system is in crisis. At stake are the quality of care for millions of Americans and the financial well-being of individuals and employers squeezed by skyrocketing premiums-not to mention the stability of state and federal government budgets. In Redefining Health Care, internationally renowned strategy expert Michael Porter and innovation expert Elizabeth Teisberg reveal the underlying-and largely overlooked-causes of the problem, and provide a powerful prescription for change. The authors argue that participants in the health care system have competed to shift costs, accumulate bargaining power, and restrict services, rather than create value for patients. This zero-sum competition takes place at the wrong level-among health plans, networks, and hospitals-rather than where it matters most, in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of specific health conditions. Redefining Health Care lays out a breakthrough framework for redefining health care competition based on patient value. With specific recommendations for hospitals, doctors, health plans, employers, and policy makers, this book shows how to move to a positive-sum competition that will unleash stunning improvements in quality and efficiency.

Book Medical Apartheid

    Book Details:
  • Author : Harriet A. Washington
  • Publisher : Vintage
  • Release : 2008-01-08
  • ISBN : 076791547X
  • Pages : 530 pages

Download or read book Medical Apartheid written by Harriet A. Washington and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD WINNER • The first full history of Black America’s shocking mistreatment as unwilling and unwitting experimental subjects at the hands of the medical establishment. No one concerned with issues of public health and racial justice can afford not to read this masterful book. "[Washington] has unearthed a shocking amount of information and shaped it into a riveting, carefully documented book." —New York Times From the era of slavery to the present day, starting with the earliest encounters between Black Americans and Western medical researchers and the racist pseudoscience that resulted, Medical Apartheid details the ways both slaves and freedmen were used in hospitals for experiments conducted without their knowledge—a tradition that continues today within some black populations. It reveals how Blacks have historically been prey to grave-robbing as well as unauthorized autopsies and dissections. Moving into the twentieth century, it shows how the pseudoscience of eugenics and social Darwinism was used to justify experimental exploitation and shoddy medical treatment of Blacks. Shocking new details about the government’s notorious Tuskegee experiment are revealed, as are similar, less-well-known medical atrocities conducted by the government, the armed forces, prisons, and private institutions. The product of years of prodigious research into medical journals and experimental reports long undisturbed, Medical Apartheid reveals the hidden underbelly of scientific research and makes possible, for the first time, an understanding of the roots of the African American health deficit. At last, it provides the fullest possible context for comprehending the behavioral fallout that has caused Black Americans to view researchers—and indeed the whole medical establishment—with such deep distrust.

Book Rethinking Health Care Ethics

Download or read book Rethinking Health Care Ethics written by Stephen Scher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-02 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​The goal of this open access book is to develop an approach to clinical health care ethics that is more accessible to, and usable by, health professionals than the now-dominant approaches that focus, for example, on the application of ethical principles. The book elaborates the view that health professionals have the emotional and intellectual resources to discuss and address ethical issues in clinical health care without needing to rely on the expertise of bioethicists. The early chapters review the history of bioethics and explain how academics from outside health care came to dominate the field of health care ethics, both in professional schools and in clinical health care. The middle chapters elaborate a series of concepts, drawn from philosophy and the social sciences, that set the stage for developing a framework that builds upon the individual moral experience of health professionals, that explains the discontinuities between the demands of bioethics and the experience and perceptions of health professionals, and that enables the articulation of a full theory of clinical ethics with clinicians themselves as the foundation. Against that background, the first of three chapters on professional education presents a general framework for teaching clinical ethics; the second discusses how to integrate ethics into formal health care curricula; and the third addresses the opportunities for teaching available in clinical settings. The final chapter, "Empowering Clinicians", brings together the various dimensions of the argument and anticipates potential questions about the framework developed in earlier chapters.

Book Library as Place

    Book Details:
  • Author : Geoffrey T. Freeman
  • Publisher : Council on Library & Information Resources
  • Release : 2005
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 96 pages

Download or read book Library as Place written by Geoffrey T. Freeman and published by Council on Library & Information Resources. This book was released on 2005 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the role of a library when users can obtain information from any location? And what does this role change mean for the creation and design of library space? Six authors an architect, four librarians, and a professor of art history and classics explore these questions this report. The authors challenge the reader to think about new potential for the place we call the library and underscore the growing importance of the library as a place for teaching, learning, and research in the digital age.

Book Redefining Health Care

Download or read book Redefining Health Care written by Michael E. Porter and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2006-04-24 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. health care system is in crisis. At stake are the quality of care for millions of Americans and the financial well-being of individuals and employers squeezed by skyrocketing premiums—not to mention the stability of state and federal government budgets. In Redefining Health Care, internationally renowned strategy expert Michael Porter and innovation expert Elizabeth Teisberg reveal the underlying—and largely overlooked—causes of the problem, and provide a powerful prescription for change. The authors argue that competition currently takes place at the wrong level—among health plans, networks, and hospitals—rather than where it matters most, in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of specific health conditions. Participants in the system accumulate bargaining power and shift costs in a zero-sum competition, rather than creating value for patients. Based on an exhaustive study of the U.S. health care system, Redefining Health Care lays out a breakthrough framework for redefining the way competition in health care delivery takes place—and unleashing stunning improvements in quality and efficiency. With specific recommendations for hospitals, doctors, health plans, employers, and policy makers, this book shows how to move health care toward positive-sum competition that delivers lasting benefits for all.

Book Rethinking education  towards a global common good

Download or read book Rethinking education towards a global common good written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2015-05-26 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic growth and the creation of wealth have cut global poverty rates, yet vulnerability, inequality, exclusion and violence have escalated within and across societies throughout the world. Unsustainable patterns of economic production and consumption promote global warming, environmental degradation and an upsurge in natural disasters. Moreover, while we have strengthened international human rights frameworks over the past several decades, implementing and protecting these norms remains a challenge.These changes signal the emergence of a new global context for learning that has vital implications for education. Rethinking the purpose of education and the organization of learning has never been more urgent. This book is inspired by a humanistic vision of education and development, based on respect for life and human dignity, equal rights, social justice, cultural diversity, international solidarity and shared responsibility for a sustainable future. It proposes that we consider education and knowledge as global common goods, in order to reconcile the purpose and organization of education as a collective societal endeavour in a complex world.

Book Rethinking Neo Institutional Statebuilding

Download or read book Rethinking Neo Institutional Statebuilding written by Peter Finkenbusch and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the paradox by which Western policymakers are doing more statebuilding while knowing less about it, and thereby critically examines neo-institutional approaches to intervention.

Book Rethinking Experiences Of Childhood Cancer  A Multidisciplinary Approach To Chronic Childhood Illness

Download or read book Rethinking Experiences Of Childhood Cancer A Multidisciplinary Approach To Chronic Childhood Illness written by Dixon-Woods, Mary and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2005-06-01 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a sociologist, psychologist and practising paediatric oncologist, this book offers a fresh theoretical approach to the experience of childhood cancer. The book also discusses the impact on parents and other family members when a child is diagnosed with cancer.

Book Ethical Imperialism

    Book Details:
  • Author : Zachary M. Schrag
  • Publisher : JHU Press
  • Release : 2010-09-01
  • ISBN : 0801899141
  • Pages : 263 pages

Download or read book Ethical Imperialism written by Zachary M. Schrag and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful indictment of the IRB regime. University researchers in the United States seeking to observe, survey, or interview people are required first to complete ethical training courses and to submit their proposals to an institutional review board (IRB). Under current rules, IRBs have the power to deny funding, degrees, or promotion if their recommended modifications to scholars’ proposals are not followed. This volume explains how this system of regulation arose and discusses its chilling effects on research in the social sciences and humanities. Zachary M. Schrag draws on original research and interviews with the key shapers of the institutional review board regime to raise important points about the effect of the IRB process on scholarship. He explores the origins and the application of these regulations and analyzes how the rules—initially crafted to protect the health and privacy of the human subjects of medical experiments—can limit even casual scholarly interactions such as a humanist interviewing a poet about his or her writing. In assessing the issue, Schrag argues that biomedical researchers and bioethicists repeatedly excluded social scientists from rule making and ignored the existing ethical traditions in nonmedical fields. Ultimately, he contends, IRBs not only threaten to polarize medical and social scientists, they also create an atmosphere wherein certain types of academics can impede and even silence others. The first work to document the troubled emergence of today's system of regulating scholarly research, Ethical Imperialism illuminates the problems caused by simple, universal rule making in academic and professional research. This short, smart analysis will engage scholars across academia.

Book Scholarship Reconsidered

Download or read book Scholarship Reconsidered written by Ernest L. Boyer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shifting faculty roles in a changing landscape Ernest L. Boyer's landmark book Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate challenged the publish-or-perish status quo that dominated the academic landscape for generations. His powerful and enduring argument for a new approach to faculty roles and rewards continues to play a significant part of the national conversation on scholarship in the academy. Though steeped in tradition, the role of faculty in the academic world has shifted significantly in recent decades. The rise of the non-tenure-track class of professors is well documented. If the historic rule of promotion and tenure is waning, what role can scholarship play in a fragmented, unbundled academy? Boyer offers a still much-needed approach. He calls for a broadened view of scholarship, audaciously refocusing its gaze from the tenure file and to a wider community. This expanded edition offers, in addition to the original text, a critical introduction that explores the impact of Boyer's views, a call to action for applying Boyer's message to the changing nature of faculty work, and a discussion guide to help readers start a new conversation about how Scholarship Reconsidered applies today.

Book Resources in Education

Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: