Download or read book Republic of Belarus Parliamentary Elections 28 September 2008 written by Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Election Observation Mission written by Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Belarus under Lukashenka written by Matthew Frear and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the nature of the regime of Aliaksandr Lukashenka, who has ruled Belarus since 1994, and who is often characterized as "the last dictator in Europe". It discusses how Lukashenka came to power, providing a survey of politics in Belarus in early post-Soviet times, examines how power became personalized under his regime, and considers how he coerced opponents, whilst maintaining good popular support. The book discusses all aspects of politics, including presidential power, the ruling elites, elections, the opposition, and civil society. The author characterizes Lukashenka’s rule as "adaptive authoritarianism", and demonstrates how the regime’s avoidance of any ideology, even nationalism, permits great freedom of manoeuvre, enabling pragmatic adaptation to changing circumstances.
Download or read book Russia s Authoritarian Elections written by Stephen White and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Russia is the world’s largest country, and its politics affect the entire international community. Formally, who exercises the power of government is decided, as in Western democracies, by competitive elections that are held at regular intervals. But there have increasingly been doubts about the extent to which Russian parliamentary and presidential elections can be considered ‘free and fair’, and it is the argument of this coauthored study that they are better defined as ‘authoritarian elections’, with a number of distinct characteristics. Using a wide range of sources, including surveys, election statistics, interviews, focus groups and the printed press, the contributors to this important collection analyse Russia’s authoritarian elections in a variety of ways: how they are conducted, what citizens think about them, and how the Russian experience relates to a wider international context. Elections are the central mechanism by which citizens can seek to hold their government to account; this collection shows the ways in which that mechanism can be manipulated from above such it becomes more of an extension of central authority than a means by which the public at large can impose their own priorities. This book was originally published as a special issue of Europe-Asia Studies.
Download or read book Russia EU and the Post Soviet Democratic Failure written by Bidzina Lebanidze and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-22 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By studying the influence of the two main external actors in post-Soviet space, the EU and Russia, this study contributes to the increasing body of literature that studies the causes of democratic recession and authoritarian backlash in post-Soviet states and the role of regional actors in these processes. Empirically, the study finds the EU to be both a democracy-promoting and democracy-hindering actor in post-Soviet states. Russia’s impact, on the other hand, is far more negative than the literature on democratization and autocracy promotion typically suggests. It negatively affects both the quality of democracy of post-Soviet states and limits the EU's options for promoting democracy in its neighborhood.
Download or read book The Statesman s Yearbook 2010 written by B. Turner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 1597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'the most convenient and reliable starting point for information on public affairs' - George J. Mitchell, US Senator. Each copy comes with FREE online access to www.statesmansyearbook.com . Site license upgrades are also available for libraries who wish to network the data. New this year: a chronology of the 'credit crunch.'
Download or read book Developments in Central and East European Politics 5 written by Stephen White and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-08-30 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of this market-leading text brings together specially commissioned chapters by a team of top international scholars on the changing politics of this diverse region negotiating the competing pulls of the European Union and post-communist Russia.
Download or read book The Statesman s Yearbook 2011 written by B. Turner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 1603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its 147th edition, The Statesman's Yearbook continues to be the reference work of choice for accurate and reliable information on every country in the world. Covering political, economic, social and cultural aspects, the Yearbook is an essential resource.
Download or read book Rethinking the Coloured Revolutions written by David Lane and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The communist world was supposed to have had its ‘revolution’ in 1989. But the demise of the Soviet Union came two years later, at the end of 1991; and then, perplexingly, a series of irregular executive changes began to take place the following decade in countries that were already postcommunist. The focus in this collection is the changes that took place in Serbia, Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan between 2000 and 2005 that have together been called the ‘coloured revolutions’: of no particular colour in Serbia, but Rose in Georgia, Orange in Ukraine and Tulip in Kyrgyzstan. Apart from exploring political change in the ‘coloured revolution’ countries themselves, the contributors to this collection focus on countries that did not experience this kind of irregular executive change but which might otherwise be comparable (Belarus and Kazakhstan among them), and on reactions to ‘democracy promotion’ in Russia and China. Throughout, an effort is made to avoid taking the ‘coloured revolutions’ at face value, however they may have been presented by local leaders and foreign governments with their own agendas; and to place them within the wider literature of comparative politics. This book was previously published as a special issue of Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics.
Download or read book The Statesman s Yearbook 2013 written by B. Turner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 1595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its 149th edition, The Statesman's Yearbook continues to be the reference work of choice for accurate and reliable information on every country in the world. Covering political, economic, social and cultural aspects, the Yearbook is also available online for subscribing institutions: www.statesmansyearbook.com .
Download or read book The Statesman s Yearbook 2012 written by B. Turner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 1598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its 148th edition, The Statesman's Yearbook continues to be the reference work of choice for accurate and reliable information on every country in the world. Covering political, economic, social and cultural aspects, the Yearbook is also available online for subscribing institutions: www.statesmansyearbook.com.
Download or read book Electoral Violence Corruption and Political Order written by Sarah Birch and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-21 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive look at how violence has been used to manipulate competitive electoral processes around the world since World War II Throughout their history, political elections have been threatened by conflict, and the use of force has in the past several decades been an integral part of electoral processes in a significant number of contemporary states. However, the study of elections has yet to produce a comprehensive account of electoral violence. Drawing on cross-national data sets together with fourteen detailed case studies from around the world, Electoral Violence, Corruption, and Political Order offers a global comparative analysis of violent electoral practices since the Second World War. Sarah Birch shows that the way power is structured in society largely explains why elections are at risk of violence in some contexts but not in others. Countries with high levels of corruption and weak democratic institutions are especially vulnerable to disruptions of electoral peace. She examines how corrupt actors use violence to back up other forms of electoral manipulation, including vote buying and ballot stuffing. In addition to investigating why electoral violence takes place, Birch considers what can be done to prevent it in the future, arguing that electoral authority and the quality of electoral governance are more important than the formal design of electoral institutions. Delving into a deeply influential aspect of political malpractice, Electoral Violence, Corruption, and Political Order explores the circumstances in which individuals choose to employ violence as an electoral strategy.
Download or read book Business as Usual Belarus on the Eve of the Elections written by United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Belarus Customs Trade Regulations and Procedures Handbook Volume1 Strategic Regulations and Customs Code written by IBP USA and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2007-02-07 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2011 Updated Reprint. Updated Annually. Belarus Customs, Trade Regulations and Procedures Handbook
Download or read book The World Factbook written by Central Intelligence Agency and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By intelligence officials, for intelligent people
Download or read book Competitive Authoritarianism written by Steven Levitsky and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-16 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a detailed study of 35 cases in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and post-communist Eurasia, this book explores the fate of competitive authoritarian regimes between 1990 and 2008. It finds that where social, economic, and technocratic ties to the West were extensive, as in Eastern Europe and the Americas, the external cost of abuse led incumbents to cede power rather than crack down, which led to democratization. Where ties to the West were limited, external democratizing pressure was weaker and countries rarely democratized. In these cases, regime outcomes hinged on the character of state and ruling party organizations. Where incumbents possessed developed and cohesive coercive party structures, they could thwart opposition challenges, and competitive authoritarian regimes survived; where incumbents lacked such organizational tools, regimes were unstable but rarely democratized.
Download or read book Political Handbook of the World 2012 written by Tom Lansford and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-04-02 with total page 1849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more in-depth coverage of current political controversies than any other reference guide, 'Political Handbook of the World 2012' is the most authoritative source for finding complete facts and analysis on each country's governmental and political makeup.
