Download or read book Remote sensing ice detection capabilities written by and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote sensing ice detection capabilities written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Sensing Ice Detection Capabilities East Coast written by Environmental Studies Research Funds (Canada) and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes state-of-the-art sensor technologies for remote sensing of sea ice and icebergs off Canada's east coast. The study included four tasks: determination of offshore operator needs with regard to sea ice detection; a comprehensive review of available sensors; description of the main technologies involved; and evaluation of the reviewed sensors in relation to the operator needs. The study report includes a summary of operator needs for east coast operating scenarios (oil production and exploratory drilling); descriptions of individual sensors in a common format, including radars, passive microwave sensors, acoustic systems, optical systems, and other sensors; a matrix of sensors versus needs, for each scenario; and a summary of suggested systems for each scenario. In addition, the report summarizes marine communications systems of relevance.
Download or read book Sea Ice written by Mohammed Shokr and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-04-20 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SEA ICE The latest edition of the gold standard in sea ice references In the newly revised second edition of Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an in-depth review of the features and structural properties of ice, as well as the latest advances in geophysical sensors, ice parameter retrieval techniques, and remote sensing data. The book has been updated to reflect the latest scientific developments in macro- and micro-scale sea ice research. For this edition, the authors have included high-quality photographs of thin sections from cores of various ice types, as well as a comprehensive account of all major field expeditions that have systematically surveyed sea ice and its properties. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to ice physics and physical processes, including ice morphology and age-based structural features Practical discussions of radiometric and radar-scattering observations from sea ice, including radar backscatter and microwave emission The latest techniques for the retrieval of sea ice parameters from space-borne and airborne sensor data New chapters on sea ice thermal microwave emissions and on the impact of climate change on polar sea ice Perfect for academic researchers working on sea ice, the cryosphere, and climatology, Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing will also benefit meteorologists, marine operators, and high-latitude construction engineers.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow written by Dorothy Hall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote sensing using aircraft and satellites has helped to open up to intensified scientific scrutiny the cold and remote regions in which snow and ice are prevalent. In this book, the utility of remote sensing for identifying, mapping and analyzing surface and subsurface properties of worldwide ice and snow features is described. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing for developing an improved understanding of the physical properties of ice and snow and understanding the interrelationships of cryospheric processes with atmospheric, hydrospheric and oceanic processes. Current and potential applications of remotely sensed data are also stressed. At present, all-weather, day and night observations of the polar regions can be obtained from sensors operating in different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the approaches for analysis of remotely sensed data are not straightforward, Chapter 1 serves to introduce the reader to some of the optical, thermal and electrical properties of ice and snow as they pertain to remote sensing. In Chapter 2 we briefly describe many of the sensors and platforms that are referred to in the rest of the book. The remaining chapters deal with remote sensing of the seasonal snow cover, lake and river ice, permafrost, glacier ice and sea ice.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Sea Ice and Icebergs written by Simon Haykin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1994-10-28 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the latest remote sensing technologies used to detect ice hazards in the marine environment; map surface currents, sea-state and surface winds; study ice dynamics, over ice transportation, oil spill countermeasures, climate changes and ice reconnaisance. Includes such technologies as acoustic sensing, ice-thickness measurement, passive microwave remote sensing, ground wave and surface-based radars.
Download or read book Polar Remote Sensing written by Robert Massom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-31 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polar Remote Sensing is a two-volume work providing a comprehensive, multidisciplinary discussion of the applications of satellite sensing. Volume 2 focuses on the ice sheets, icebergs, and interactions between ice sheets and the atmosphere and ocean. It contains information about the applications of satellite remote sensing in all relevant polar related disciplines, including glaciology, meteorology, climate and radiation balance and oceanogaraphy. It also provides a brief review of the state-of-the-art of each discipline, including current issues and questions. Various passive and active remote sensor types are discussed, and the book then concentrates on specific geophysical applications. Its interdisciplinary approach means that major advances and publications are highlighted. Polar Remote Sensing: Ice Sheets summarizes fundamental principles of detectors, imaging and geophysical product retrieval includes a chapter on the important new field of satellite synthetic-aperture radar interferometry is a "one stop shop" for polar remote sensing information contains significant new information on the Earth's polar regions describes sophisticated groundbased remote sensing applications with specific reference to their use in polar regions.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice written by W. Gareth Rees and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-08-12 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many advances in spaceborne instrumentation, remote sensing, and data analysis have occurred in recent years, but until now there has been no book that reflects these advances while delivering a uniform treatment of the remote sensing of frozen regions. Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice identifies unifying themes and ideas in these fields and presents them in a single volume. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the remote sensing of the Earth’s cryosphere. Explaining why cryospheric observations are important and why remote sensing observations are essential, it offers thorough surveys of the physical properties of ice and snow, and of current and emerging remote sensing techniques. Presenting a technical review of how the properties of snow and ice relate to remote sensing observations, the book focuses on principles by which useful geophysical information becomes encoded into the electromagnetic radiation detected during the remote sensing process. The author then discusses in detail the application of remote sensing methods to snow, freshwater ice, glaciers, and icebergs. The book concludes with a summary that examines what remote sensing has revealed about the cryosphere, where major technical problems still exist, and how these problems can be addressed.
Download or read book River and Lake Ice Processes Impacts of Freshwater Ice on Aquatic Ecosystems in a Changing Globe written by Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-01-11 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "River and Lake Ice Processes—Impacts of Freshwater Ice on Aquatic Ecosystems in a Changing Globe" that was published in Water
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Northern Sea Route written by Ola M. Johannessen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-30 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Northern Sea Route: Studies and Applications initially provides a history of the Northern Sea Route as an important strategic transport route for supporting the northern regions of Russia and cargo transportation between Europe and the Northern Pacific Basin. The authors then describe sea ice conditions in the Eurasian Arctic Seas and, using microwave satellite data, provide a detailed analysis of difficult sea ice conditions. Remote sensing techniques and the basic principles of SAR image formation are described, as well as the major satellite radar systems used for ice studies in the Arctic. The authors take a good look at the use of sensing equipment in experiments, including the ICE WATCH project used for monitoring the Northern Sea Route. The possibilities of using SAR remote sensing for ice navigation in the Northern Sea Route is also detailed, analysing techniques of automatic image processing and interpretation. A study is provided of regional drifting ice, fast ice and river ice in the coastal areas of the Arctic Seas. The book concludes with a review of the practical experience using SAR images for supporting navigation and offshore industrial activity, based on a series of experiments conducted with the Murmansk Shipping Company on board nuclear icebreakers.
Download or read book Remote Sensing in Northern Hydrology written by Claude R. Dugua and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2005-01-14 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 163. The North, with its vast and varied landscapes, sparse population, and cold climate has always challenged its explorers: physically, mentally, logistically, and technically. The scientific community in particular has known such challenges in the past and does so today, especially in light of the projected intensification of climate change at high latitudes. Indeed, there are clear signs that change is already ongoing in many environmental variables: Air temperature and annual precipitation (including snowfall) are increasing in many regions; spring snow cover extent is decreasing; lake and river ice freeze-up dates are occurring later and breakup dates earlier; glaciers are retreating rapidly; permafrost temperatures are increasing and, in many cases, the permafrost is thawing; and sea-ice extent is at record minimums and thinning.
Download or read book Sea Ice written by Mohammed Shokr and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Light Scattering by Ice Crystals written by Kuo-Nan Liou and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-06 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume outlines the fundamentals and applications of light scattering, absorption and polarization processes involving ice crystals.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice written by Albert Rango and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Detection of Melt Ponds on Arctic Sea Ice with Optical Satellite Data written by Anja Rösel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic sea ice is characterized by profound changes caused by surface melting processes and the formation of melt ponds in summer. Melt ponds contribute to the ice-albedo feedback as they reduce the surface albedo of sea ice, and hence accelerate the decay of Arctic sea ice. To quantify the melting of the entire Arctic sea ice, satellite based observations are necessary. Due to different spectral properties of snow, ice, and water, theoretically, multi-spectral optical sensors are necessary for the analysis of these distinct surface types. This study demonstrates the potential of optical sensors to detect melt ponds on Arctic sea ice. For the first time, an Arctic-wide, multi-annual melt pond data set for the years 2000-2011 has been created and analyzed.
Download or read book Sea Ice Remote Sensing Using Spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry written by Qingyun Yan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this research, the application of spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System- Reflectometry (GNSS-R) delay-Doppler maps (DDMs) for sea ice remote sensing is investigated. Firstly, a scheme is presented for detecting sea ice from TechDemoSat-1 (TDS-1) DDMs. Less spreading along delay and Doppler axes is observed in the DDMs of sea ice relative to those of seawater. This enables us to distinguish sea ice from seawater through studying the values of various DDM observables, which describe the extent of DDM spreading. Secondly, three machine learning-based methods, specifically neural networks (NNs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and support vector machine (SVM), are developed for detecting sea ice and retrieving sea ice concentration (SIC) from TDS-1 data. For these three methods, the architectures with different outputs (i.e. category labels and SIC values) are separately devised for sea ice detection (classification problem) and SIC retrieval (regression problem) purposes. In the training phase, different designs of input that include the cropped DDM (40-by-20), the full-size DDM (128-by-20), and the feature selection (FS) (1-by-20) are tested. The SIC data obtained by Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS sensors are used as the target data, which are also regarded as ground-truth data in this work. In the experimental stage, CNN output resulted from inputting full-size DDM data shows better accuracy than that of the NN-based method. Besides, performance of both CNNs and NNs is enhanced with the cropped DDMs. It is found that when DDM data are adequately preprocessed CNNs and NNs share similar accuracy. Further comparison is made between NN and SVM with FS. The SVM algorithm demonstrates improved accuracy compared with the NN method. In addition, the designed FS is proven to be effective for both SVM- and NN-based approaches. Lastly, a reflectivity (
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Sea Ice Leads with Sentinel 1 C band Synthetic Aperture Radar written by Dmitrii Murashkin and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of leads with open water or thin ice is an important feature of the Arctic sea ice cover. Leads regulate the heat, gas, and moisture fluxes between the ocean and atmosphere and are areas of high ice growth rates during periods of freezing conditions. In the present study an algorithm providing an automatic lead detection based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is developed using traditional machine learning techniques and deep learning methods. The algorithm is applied to a wide range of Sentinel-1 scenes taken over the Arctic Ocean. Distribution of the detected leads in the Arctic during winter seasons 2016--2021 is then analyzed. An important part of the algorithm development is the data preprocessing as the classification quality depends on the quality of the input images. An advanced data preparation technique improves consistency of the cross-polarization channel and enables the use of dual-polarization SAR images. By using both the HH and the HV channels instead of single co-polarized observations the algorithm is able to detect more leads compared to the use of the HH polarization only. First, a traditional machine learning approach is described. It is based on polarimetric features and texture features derived from the grey level co-occurrence matrix. The Random Forest classifier is used to investigate the individual feature importance on the lead detection. The precision-recall curve representing the quality of the classification is assessed to define a threshold for the binary lead/sea ice classification. The algorithm produces a lead classification with more than 90% precision with 60% of all leads classified, as evaluated on the test data. The precision can be increased by the cost of the amount of leads detected. Classification quality is improved by introducing an advanced binarization method based on watershed segmentation. Further improvements include object shape analysis resulting in a shape-based filter, which efficiently removes objects appearing due to noise patterns over young ice. Second, an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network is developed. It shows more robust results compared to the algorithm based on the gray level co-occurrence matrix with Random Forest classification and is applicable to the entire Arctic Ocean. Classification results are evaluated against the dataset which does not include training or testing data, and are also compared to Sentinel-2 optical satellite images. Finally, the lead detection algorithm is applied to all Sentinel-1 EW GRDM scenes taken in five winter seasons, 1 November - 30 April of 2016-2021 years. 3-day composite pan-Arctic lead maps with the native Sentinel-1 40~meters pixel spacing are produces. The frequency of lead occurrence derived from these maps is compared with MODIS thermal infrared lead detection results. The lead area fraction is compared with the AMSR2 passive microwave observations. The lead area distribution, lead length, and lead width distributions, as well as the lead orientation distributions, are analyzed in the following regions of the Arctic Ocean: Fram Strait, Barents Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea, Central Arctic. Each region shows the presence of regularity in lead orientation, the preferred orientation has little variation from year to year and during season. The lead width distribution is found to follow the power low with the exponent of 1.86 with 0.16 standard deviation. The yearly mean lead area fraction derived from Sentinel-1 images varies from 2.5% to 3.7% during winter seasons 2016-2021.
