Download or read book Remediation of Sustained Attention Following Traumatic Brain Injury written by Jon Jay Van Doren and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Working Memory and Sustained Attention Following Traumatic Brain Injury written by Laurie Baker and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cognitive Remediation for Brain Injury and Neurological Illness written by Marvin H Podd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-04 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to teach psychologists with a neuropsychology background about cognitive remediation, the evidence in the research literature, and how to develop and conduct a treatment plan and evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions. The approach is illustrated using the computer-assisted cognitive remediation program developed by the author (NeurXercise). Twenty-nine different cases are presented in depth, following the outline presented in the earlier portions of the book. Treatment planning emphasizes Luria’s concepts of alternate functional systems and double dissociation. Pre- and post-treatment neuropsychological testing results are presented along with ecological validity and generalization to daily functioning. The cases are presented by etiology and each section concludes with what can be learned about that etiologic process from the cognitive remediation results. This section includes blast injuries, which are still being characterized in the literature, as well as effective treatment of patients with head injury, stroke, post-neurosurgical sequelae, co-morbid disorders, subcortical disorders, attention deficit disorder, and learning disabilities. The book identifies the most commonly used neuropsychological test instruments for evaluating cognitive deficits, discusses their input and output characteristics, and does the same for the NeurXercise computer-based exercises so that the connection between testing and treatment is easy to see and develop. In addition to discussing this in the appropriate sections of the book, these are summarized in the appendixes as a reference for correlating test findings and appropriate exercises for remediating deficits.
Download or read book Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury written by Vicki Anderson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-04 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes multidisciplinary, integrative, and translational approaches to research and practice in pediatric traumatic brain injury.
Download or read book Memory and Attention Adaptation Training written by Robert Ferguson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-02 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) may affect nearly half of all cancer survivors and can persist for years after completing cancer treatment. Memory and Attention Adaptation Training (MAAT) is a cognitive-behavioral therapy offering evidence-based, nonpharmacological treatment of this common survivorship condition. Organized into a session-by-session Clinician Manual and related Survivor Workbook, MAAT is conducted in eight treatment visits and has been demonstrated effective when delivered through telehealth technology, so survivors can readily fit MAAT into their busy lives. The MAAT Clinician Manual provides a clearly written summary of the scientific literature on CRCI and detailed guidance for each visit, including an agenda outline, in-depth discussion, and accompanying fidelity checklist in the appendix. Designed to be used in conjunction with the Survivor Workbook, the Clinician Manual also includes the full text of the workbook in a separate appendix, giving clinicians convenient one-volume access to the complete material.
Download or read book Social and Communication Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury written by Skye McDonald and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can seriously disrupt the social and communication skills that are basic requirements for everyday life. It is the loss of these interpersonal skills that can be the most devastating for people with TBI and their families. Although there are many books that focus upon TBI, none focus on communication and communication skills specifically. This book fills this important gap in the literature and provides information ranging from a broad overview of the nature of pathology following TBI and its effects on cognition and behaviour, through to the latest evidence about ways to assess and treat social and communication disorders. Much has changed in the field of communication disorders and TBI since the first edition of this book was published in 1999. There have been advances in neuroimaging, providing more accurate understanding of how the brain is damaged in TBI and also insights into its repair. There has been a burgeoning interest in social cognition, and advances in how communication is conceptualized, with a particular focus on the role of how context facilitates or impedes communicative ability. Most importantly, much has changed in the arena of rehabilitation. There is now a growing evidence base of treatments aimed at improving communication problems following TBI, new resources for accessing this information and renewed interest in different kinds of methods for demonstrating treatment effects. Bringing together a range of expert international researchers interested in understanding the nature and treatment of TBI this book covers topics from understanding how the brain damage occurs, how it affects social and communication skills and how these problems might be treated. As such it will be of great interest to clinicians, postgraduate and undergraduate students and researchers in neuropsychology, speech and language pathology.
Download or read book Functional Neuroanatomy of Sustained Attention and Exogenous Alerting Following Naturalistic Recovery from Moderate to severe Traumatic Brain Injury microform written by Nadine Marie Richard and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2005 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustained attention (SA) refers to the endogenous ("top-down") control of attentional resources to implement goal-directed behaviour over time. SA relies on a right-lateralized frontal-thalamic-parietal brain network, with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as the primary substrate for supervisory control. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes frontal damage and SA deficits. Neuroplastic mechanisms and/or the existence of alternate (degenerate) systems offer possible routes for recovery of endogenous control, with the additional possibility of attentional re-engagment though exogenous ("bottom-up") stimulation (e.g. via alerting tones). This fMRI study revealed recovered sustained attention in five patients who sustained significant TBI at least one year ago. Rather than right DLPFC, patients activated right ventrolateral and medial PFC including anterior cingulate. Thalamic and parietal SA network components were preserved. In contrast to control subjects, alerting cues did not reduce "top-down" activations in TBI patients. These findings suggest that sustained attention in patients recovered from TBI is mediated by alternate prefrontal regions.
Download or read book Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury written by Harvey S. Levin and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in research on traumatic brain injury is presented in this book encompassing translational and clinical investigations. Observational and interventional studies are discussed by leading investigators of TBI in adults and children. Contributors from various countries provide a global perspective on this worldwide health problem.
Download or read book Sustained Attention Following Severe Closed Head Injury written by Wendy J. Loken and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sports Related Concussions in Youth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.
Download or read book Neuropsychological Treatment After Brain Injury written by David W. Ellis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DAVID W. ELLIS AND ANNE-LISE CHRISTENSEN 1 A BRIEF OVERVIEW In the past, most people who sustained catastrophic brain injury died. However, over the past several decades, sophisticated medical diagnostic techniques such as computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), along with advances in emergency trauma procedures and neurosurgical pro cedures (e. g., intracranial pressure monitoring), have dramatically increased the survival rates for people who have survived such trauma. At the same time, because of population growth, the number of victims of brain trauma (primarily automobile accidents) has also risen [1]. As a result of their injuries, many of these people have developed severe disabilities that affect their lives and the lives of everyone around them. For those who survive, and their families, mere survival is not enough. Attention must be paid to the quality of their lives after the traumatic event. During the past 15 years, there has been an increasing focus on the develop ment of treatment techniques for brain injuries. Although the principal focus of this text is on the neuropsychological (i. e., neurological and psychological) aspects of treatment-both theory and technique-the book is also directed towards the broad variety of issues that affect survivors, their families, health care professionals, and the social milieu.
Download or read book Fatigue and Sleep Disturbance Following Traumatic Brain Injury written by Kelly Sinclair and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fatigue and sleep disturbances are common and disabling symptoms following traumatic brain injury (TBI). They occur chronically, and impact significantly on the ability of individuals with these injuries to return to pre-injury function, as well as overall quality of life. The aetiology of these symptoms appears to be complex and most likely multifactorial in nature, involving the primary effects of mechanical neuronal injury, but also secondary factors such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive disturbance (particularly in the domain of attention). In the context of unclear aetiology, current understandings of fatigue and sleep disturbances have primarily relied on patient self-report, particularly for fatigue which is inherently a subjective complaint, but also for sleep disturbances. Identification of suitable objective measures for fatigue and sleep or their associated symptoms may assist in further understanding these complaints. Related to the limited understanding of these complaints following TBI, is the lack of well established treatment regimens. In theory, an optimal treatment of fatigue and sleep disturbance following TBI would involve focus on the symptoms themselves as well as their associated factors, such as depression and impaired attention. Recent research in the field of sleep and chronobiology, particularly research investigating the therapeutic applications of light exposure, suggests that light therapy may offer an efficacious modality for treatment of fatigue, sleep disturbance and associated symptoms in the TBI population. The aims of the current thesis were to: (1) assess the utility of objective assessment tools in order to aid further understanding of disturbances to sleep-wakefulness and sustained attention (i.e. psychomotor vigilance) performances following TBI; and (2) investigate in a randomised controlled trial, the efficacy of blue light therapy, in the treatment of fatigue and its related symptoms in patients with TBI. This was achieved across three separate studies. Specifically, study one investigated the utility of actigraphy as an objective measure of sleep following TBI. The findings of the study revealed significant associations between actigraphic and self-reported (diary) estimates of nocturnal total sleep time (TST) and daily TST in patients with TBI and healthy age- and gender- matched controls. While stronger associations between diary and actigraphy were observed in the control group, the magnitude of these associations did not differ significantly between groups. The study thus provided preliminary support for use of actigraphy as an objective assessment of sleep duration in the TBI population. In light of previous research that has demonstrated associations between vigilance/sustained attention and both fatigue and sleep disturbances in patients with TBI, study two compared psychomotor vigilance performance in patients with TBI and healthy age- and gender- matched controls using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). The PVT was selected as a potentially useful objective measure in patients with TBI as it has been commonly used within the sleep science field and is well accepted for its sensitivity to sleep loss, circadian timing, and countermeasures for sleepiness. Consistent with past research, study two demonstrated that patients with TBI showed slower performances and increased attentional lapses relative to healthy controls. Distribution analyses additionally revealed that patients with TBI performed more slowly across the entire performance distribution, consistent with a generalised cognitive slowing. Depression, fatigue and daytime sleepiness were found to have varying impacts on aspects of psychomotor vigilance performance. Previous use of the PVT in TBI groups has been limited and the study highlighted the sensitivity of the PVT to sustained attention deficits in patients with TBI. Taken together, the findings of study one and two have implications for the ongoing assessment of sleep and performance deficits in patients with TBI, and have potential to provide greater understanding of fatigue and sleep complaints in this population. Finally, given the lack of efficacious treatments for fatigue and sleep disturbances following TBI, study three examined the efficacy of blue light therapy as a potential treatment of fatigue and its associated symptoms in patients with TBI. Blue light therapy was selected for use given prior research findings which have demonstrated its alerting, circadian phase shifting, and mood enhancing properties. In a sample of patients with TBI who had self-reported fatigue and sleep complaints, study three demonstrated the efficacy of daily, morning exposure (45 minutes) to blue light over a 4 week treatment period in alleviation of self-reported fatigue and daytime sleepiness. This is the first demonstration of efficacy for a non-pharmacological treatment of fatigue and daytime sleepiness in patients with TBI. These findings establish the basis for large-scale randomised controlled trials of light therapy for fatigue in TBI, and have important implications for enhancing rehabilitation participation and long-term quality of life following TBI.
Download or read book Alleviating Attentional Disturbances Following Traumatic Brain Injury written by Alicia Rhian Dymowski and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attentional impairments following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are common, and often significantly debilitating. Debate continues as to whether deficits in strategic control of attention are proportionate to, or remain after controlling for, reduced speed of information processing. Despite the debate, attention and speed deficits interfere with return to life roles, necessitating early remediation. Pharmacological treatment with immediate-release methylphenidate (MP) has been shown to improve processing speed, attentiveness and caregiver ratings of attention after TBI. To date, there has been no investigation of the safety or efficacy of extended-release MP in this population, which has the advantage of once daily administration. Non-pharmacological rehabilitation techniques include restorative approaches (e.g. computer training) and compensatory approaches (e.g. strategy training). As yet, there is limited documentation of the experience of individuals with TBI undertaking either of these approaches.The study aims were to 1) investigate whether individuals with TBI demonstrated greater deficits in performance on traditional and novel attentional tasks with increased working memory or executive load relative to healthy controls, after controlling for slowed information processing. In an attempt to rehabilitate such deficits, subsequent aims were to 2) determine proof of concept, in a pilot study, that once daily dosing with extended-release MP would be tolerated and associated with improvements on processing speed and complex attentional measures, ratings of everyday attentional behaviour and functional outcomes after TBI; and 3) in a series of single-case studies, investigate the effects of individualised strategy training beyond the effects of computerised training with Attention Process Training 3 (APT-3) on tests of attention, generalisation to an ecological attention task, and ratings of everyday attentional behaviour, and to examine subjective experience of these approaches.In the first study 25 individuals with TBI and 25 matched controls were assessed on a range of attentional and executive measures. Individuals with TBI demonstrated slowed speed of processing on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), visual n-back task, computerised selective attention Test (SAT), Ruff 2&7 Selective Attention Test (2&7), Hayling Test and Trail Making Test A. There was no difference between groups in working memory performance on Digit Span. Individuals with TBI demonstrated disproportionate increase in reaction time with complexity, which was accounted for by speed on the SAT, but remained after controlling for speed on the Hayling Inhibition Test. The TBI group made more errors on the Hayling Test, misses on the n-back and were unable to benefit from the 2&7 automatic condition. Thus, deficits in processing speed were pervasive and there was evidence of impaired strategic control on a response inhibition task.The second study was a pilot randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel trial. Ten individuals with TBI and attention deficits received daily extended-release MP or placebo for seven weeks. Assessments were conducted at baseline, week 8 (on-drug), week 9 (off-drug) and 7 months follow-up. Vital signs and side effects were monitored weekly. MP did not enhance performance on attention or processing speed measures, or functional outcomes. There were greater improvement ratios for the MP relative to placebo group from baseline to week 8 (on-drug) for ratings of everyday attentional behaviour. MP was associated with increased blood pressure and anxiety. Extended-release MP may be used to improve everyday attention after TBI, but monitoring is important given potential for changes in vital signs and side effects. A large number of individuals were ineligible or declined to participate in this drug study. Hence, the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions should also be investigated.The single-case series study, with ABCA (baseline, APT-3, strategy training, follow-up) design, included three individuals with attention deficits following severe TBI. Improvements were evident on SDMT and automatic condition of the cancellation tasks after APT-3 and follow-up, but most improvement was observed after strategy training. There was limited generalisation on the Test of Everyday Attention and self-ratings of everyday attentional behaviour. Significant other ratings of everyday attentional behaviour were mixed after APT-3 but demonstrated improvement after strategy training. Variability in attentional deficits and everyday attentional requirements necessitated individualised goals and interventions between participants. Research should continue to investigate pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to remediate attention after TBI to ensure rehabilitation can be tailored to individuals and their everyday attentional demands.
Download or read book Traumatic Brain Injury written by Robert P. Granacher, Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-02 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic Brain Injury: Methods for Clinical and Forensic Neuropsychiatric Assessment, Third Edition provides physicians and psychologists with a scientifically based schema for the clinical evaluation of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The book assists physicians and psychologists in developing treatment plans for patients who have sustained TBIs and also guides those providing forensic analysis to lawyers, insurance bodies, workers’ compensation systems, triers of fact, and other stakeholders in the adjudication of victims of TBI. The procedures and recommendations in this book are grounded in highly referenced evidence-based science but also come from more than 5000 cases wherein the author and contributors have personally examined individuals who have sustained a TBI, or who claim to have sustained a TBI. This edition has been entirely rewritten. The style now follows a more traditional neuropsychiatric format than previous editions. Since the last edition, there has been increased awareness and scientific study regarding the effects of blast brain injury as a consequence of US military experiences in Afghanistan and Iraq. There is also increased interest in the phenomenology of mild traumatic brain injury and, in particular, the forensic complications associated with evaluations of this disorder. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy has also received significant scrutiny in the last decade, possibly associated with sports injuries. This book is a comprehensive resource for clinicians treating patients as well as for forensic specialists. Its purpose remains the same as in prior editions—to provide physicians or psychologists with a practical method for an effective evaluation of TBI based upon known scientific principles of brain-behavior relationships and state-of-the-art clinical, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, and psychological techniques.
Download or read book Traumatic Brain Injury written by Jack W. Tsao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thoroughly revised and updated work covers numerous advances in traumatic brain injury diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and pathophysiology. Since publication of the first edition in 2012, there has been greatly increased public awareness of the clinical consequences of even the mildest of head injuries, and the result has been a concerted effort of countries around the world to increase research funding. This second edition continues to focus on mild traumatic brain injury--or concussion--and contains updates to all the original chapters as well as adding new chapters addressing clinical sequelae, including pediatric concussion, visual changes, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and blast-associated TBI. Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinician's Guide to Diagnosis, Management, and Rehabilitation, Second Edition, is a comprehensive resource designed for neurologists, primary care clinicians, sports physicians, and other medical providers, including psychologists and neuropsychologists, as well as athletic trainers who may evaluate and care for individuals who have sustained a TBI. The book features summaries of the most pertinent areas of diagnosis and therapy, which can be readily accessed by the busy clinician/professional. In addition, the book's treatment algorithms provide a highly practical reference to cutting edge therapies, and an updated appendix of ICD codes is included. An outstanding contribution to the literature, Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinician's Guide to Diagnosis, Management, and Rehabilitation, Second Edition, again offers an invaluable resource for all providers who treat patients with TBI.
Download or read book Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-28 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may affect 10 million people worldwide. It is considered the "signature wound" of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. These injuries result from a bump or blow to the head, or from external forces that cause the brain to move within the head, such as whiplash or exposure to blasts. TBI can cause an array of physical and mental health concerns and is a growing problem, particularly among soldiers and veterans because of repeated exposure to violent environments. One form of treatment for TBI is cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT), a patient-specific, goal-oriented approach to help patients increase their ability to process and interpret information. The Department of Defense asked the IOM to conduct a study to determine the effectiveness of CRT for treatment of TBI.
Download or read book Traumatic Brain Injury written by Robert P. Granacher Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-12-20 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the original publication of Traumatic Brain Injury: Methods for Clinical & Forensic Neuropsychiatric Assessment, enhanced clinical findings concerning traumatic brain injury have improved our ability to evaluate and treat individuals with TBI. Unfortunately, the dramatic rise in the occurrence of brain injuries over the same time period d
