Download or read book REM 2019 Proficiency Test on Gross Alpha beta Activity Concentration in Drinking Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large scale Europe-wide proficiency test (sometimes referred to as REM2019 PT) on the determination of the gross alpha/beta activity concentration in drinking water was organised by JRC-Geel. The 154 participating environmental radioactivity monitoring laboratories were either nominated by their corresponding national authorities or invited by JRC to participate. One spiked water sample (JRC-GAB2) and a commercially available natural mineral water (JRC-GAB1) were selected as reference materials for this proficiency test after initial testing using nuclide-specific analyses and gross alpha/beta measurements. The JRC-GAB1 reference material (mineral water) had intermediate mineral content and gross activity above the parametric values defined in the E-DWD (Euratom Drinking Water Directive). The original mineral water was collected from a natural water source in France. Reference values were established in collaboration between the JRC-Geel and the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN). The homogeneity, short-and long term stability of the batch of distributed PT reference materials were checked, their contribution to the uncertainty of the reference value was assessed. The assigned reference value for the spiked PT reference material was established by gravimetric spiking (often referred to as formulation by weighing). For the natural PT reference material, the assigned reference value for gross-alpha activity was established by radionuclide specific analysis whilst the gross-beta reference value was established by calculating the gross activity from several reference measurements using the power-moderated mean of the individual measurement results. For the homogeneity and short term stability study, three independent measurement methods were used: alpha-particle spectrometry (AS), liquid scintillation counting (LSC) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The uncertainty of the reference values includes the uncertainty related to stability, between-bottle homogeneity and characterisation of PT reference samples. The performance of each participating laboratory was evaluated with respect to the reference value using relative deviations, z-score and zeta-score. Additionally, Youden plots and PomPlots were made to visualise reported data in comparison to the reference values. The reported results were evaluated and grouped by analytical methods to check for method dependency, accreditation, radionuclides used for efficiency calibration, time delay and if documented ISO standards were followed. It was found that the close to 50% of the gross activity results still deviate more than the standard deviation for proficiency assessment which was set to 30% for JRC-GAB1 sample and 20% for JRC-GAB2 sample, respectively. The general measurement performance is thus not satisfactory regardless of the methods used. This suggests that the existing analytical procedures and international standards need to be critically revised and harmonised for gross alpha/beta measurement in order to obtain more reliable and comparable measurement results. Furthermore, when the reported value with its uncertainty was evaluated using the zeta score, even fewer acceptable scores were found: 41% and 55% for gross alpha activity concentration; 38% and 62% for gross beta activity concentration in JRC-GAB1 and JRC-GAB2 PT reference materials, respectively. A key problem is that many variables influence and might interfere gross activity measurements. This makes it difficult to keep the analytical conditions under control and can lead to poor repeatability which affects accuracy as well. Therefore, it is of great importance to harmonise methods by fixing as many parameters as possible via true standardisation of the analytical methods. However, in certain cases the performance of methods using LSC and proportional counting techniques seems to be better than those based on solid state scintillation counters or other detectors. On the basis of the 14 best and most consistently performing participants (or methods), JRC is proposing "Best practices" to follow briefly in this report.

Download or read book Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater written by American Public Health Association and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Non transient Non community Water Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Thorium written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Hexachlorobutadiene written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Guidelines on Soil and Vegetation Sampling for Radiological Monitoring written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2019-10-21 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication addresses the sampling of soil and vegetation in terrestrial ecosystems, including agricultural, forest and urban environments, contaminated with radionuclides from events such as radiation accidents, radiological incidents and former nuclear activities. It considers sampling strategies and programmes, which are relevant for both emergency and existing exposure situations. Practical advice is provided on the design and implementation of sampling programmes for soil and vegetation within the framework of environmental monitoring. Examples of best practice on the formulation of optimized sampling strategies for different exposure situations are given based on the experience and lessons learned from implementation of past and existing programmes.

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for N nitrosodimethylamine written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuclear Wastelands written by International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A handbook for scholars, students, policy makers, journalists, and peace and environmental activists.A handbook for scholars, students, policy makers, journalists, and peace and environmental activists, Nuclear Wastelands provides concise histories of the development of nuclear weapons programs of every declared and de facto nuclear weapons power, as well as detailed surveys of the health and environmental effects of this development both in these countries and in non-nuclear nations involved in nuclear weapons testing and uranium mining. Among the more obvious but largely deferred costs of the Cold War are those related to the management of radioactive waste. The world is burdened with thousands of unwanted nuclear devices and mounting surpluses of weapons-grade plutonium and enriched uranium. In addition, the process of weapons production and testing has left many lands, aquifers, rivers, lakes, and seas contaminated by a multitude of weapons-related poisons. This book follows the production process step by step and country by country from uranium mining to the final assembly and storage of weapons, analyzing the potential hazards of each step and compiling the most complete information available on the actual health and environmental effects, in each country involved. Nuclear Wastelands includes a wealth of information that has only recently come to light, particularly on the nuclear weapons program of the former Soviet Union. It also features critical analyses of official public communications concerning the health and environmental consequences of nuclear weapons production, bringing to light governmental secrecy and outright deception that have led to the subversion of democratic principles, and have camouflaged the damage done to the very people and lands the weapons were meant to safeguard.

Download or read book Low level Radioactive Waste Repositories written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report sets out the costs of operating disposal sites for LLW in OECD countries, as well as the factors that may affect the costs of sites being developed.

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Aldrin dieldrin written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Chloromethane written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems Preparedness Response and Recovery written by Ivancho Naletoski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Open Access volume explains how major nuclear and radiological emergencies (NREs) can have implications at local, national and international level. The response to NREs requires a competent decision-making structure, clear communication and effective information exchange. National veterinary services have the responsibility to plan, design and manage animal production system in their countries. These activities cover animal health, animal movement control, production control and improvement, and control of the products of animal origin before their placement on the market. Release of radionuclides after NREs can cause substantial contamination in the animal production systems. Critical responsibility of veterinary authorities is therefore to prevent such contamination, establish early response mechanisms to mitigate the consequences and prevent placement of contaminated products of animal origin on the market for human consumption. This work summarizes the critical technical points for effective management of NREs for national veterinary services.

Download or read book National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Supply and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for 1 1 dichloroethene written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sources Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2016 Report written by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. Scientific findings underpin radiation risk evaluation and international protection standards. This report comprises a report with two underpinning scientific annexes. The first annex recapitulates and clarifies the philosophy of science as well as the scientific knowledge for attributing observed health effects in individuals and populations to radiation exposure, and distinguishes between that and inferring risk to individuals and populations from an exposure. The second annex reviews the latest thinking and approaches to quantifying the uncertainties in assessments of risk from radiation exposure, and illustrates these approaches with application to examples that are highly pertinent to radiation protection.

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Vinyl Acetate written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Enhanced Coagulation and Enhanced Precipitative Softening Guidance Manual written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: