Download or read book Regulation of Legionella Pneumophila Pathogenesis Related Genes by the CpxRA Two Component System written by Yaron Feldheim and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Examination of the Regulatory Role of the CpxRA Two component System and Its Relation to Virulence in Legionella Pneumophila written by Jennifer Rose Tanner and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legionella pneumophila is a natural parasite of aquatic protozoa, and due to similarities in uptake mechanisms, is also an opportunistic intracellular pathogen of human pulmonary macrophages that can lead to pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. In protozoa, L. pneumophila features a biphasic intracellular lifestyle that alternates between vegetative replicative forms and resilient infectious cyst forms, that when released ensure transmissibility to fresh protozoan hosts. Legionnaires' disease outbreaks are often sourced to anthropogenic water systems that promote generation of cyst-laden aerosols that are inadvertently inhaled by susceptible individuals. Successful infection of protozoan and macrophage cells is enabled by the presence of a bacterial Dot/Icm Type IV Secretion System that facilitates the delivery of ~300 effector molecules to establish a replicative niche. The CpxRA two-component system has been shown elsewhere to regulate expression of several effector proteins as well as components of the Dot/Icm apparatus; yet inactivation of cpxRA via marked deletions did not affect intracellular growth in protozoa or human macrophages. To investigate this discrepancy, generated ∆cpxR, ∆cpxA, and ∆cpxRA in-frame null mutant strains were assessed for alterations in virulence. Intracellular growth kinetics of ∆cpxR and ∆cpxRA mutant strains was significantly reduced in the protozoan host Acanthamoeba castellanii, but unaffected in human U937-derived macrophages. In corroboration, ∆cpxR and ∆cpxRA mutant strains demonstrated sodium resistance; a phenotype strongly associated with avirulence. Transcriptome analysis of the cpxRA mutant strain revealed a global regulatory impact, with hundreds of genes including those encoding Dot/Icm effector proteins as well as Type II secreted substrates differentially regulated in the two growth phases examined. Expression of cpxRA located within the five-gene (lpg1441-cpxA) operon is controlled in a negative manner by the transcription regulator OxyR. Overexpression, but not lack, of OxyR limited the growth of L. pneumophila in A. castellanii but not in U937-derived macrophages cells or during broth culture. Recombinant CpxR bound a conserved binding site within the oxyR promoter region; however, expression control of OxyR remains uncertain as the promoter activity was unaffected in cpx mutant strains. Taken together, this study has conclusively determined that the essentiality of the CpxRA system to L. pneumophila virulence is host specific.
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms in Legionella Pathogenesis written by Hubert Hilbi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legionnaires’ disease, a potentially fatal type of pneumonia primarily affecting elderly and immuno-compromised persons, is caused by the ubiquitous environmental bacterium Legionella pneumophila. This book offers authoritative reviews of different facets of its virulence, focusing on comparative phagocyte infection, virulence gene regulation, biochemical functions of effector proteins and cellular pathogen-host interactions, as well as host responses and immunity to L. pneumophila. Taken together, the contributions in this compilation provide a state-of-the-art overview of current insights into the molecular pathogenesis of the opportunistic and potentially fatal pathogen L. pneumophila.
Download or read book Regulation of Xenorhabdus Nematophila Mutualism and Pathogenicity by the CPXRA Two component System written by Erin E. Herbert Tran and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Animal Emerging and Reemerging Diseases written by Qing Pan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-18 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied and Environmental Microbiology written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bacterial Stress Responses written by Gisela Storz and published by American Society for Microbiology Press. This book was released on 2010-11-16 with total page 1167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gain new insight on utilizing bacterial stress responses to better combat bacterial infection with antibiotics and improve biotechnology. • Reviews the vast number of new findings that have greatly advanced the understanding of bacterial stress responses in the past 10 years. • Explores general regulatory principles, including the latest findings from genomics studies, including new research findings on both specific and general stress responses. • Details how stress responses affect the interactions between bacteria and host cells and covers bacterial stress responses in different niches and communities, with an emphasis on extreme environments.
Download or read book Efflux Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria written by Xian-Zhi Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by leading international experts, provides a comprehensive, current examination of transport-mediated antimicrobial resistance. As a particularly powerful mechanism of multidrug resistance, an in-depth examination of efflux pumps is conducted with bacteria of major public health concern including Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter, Neisseria, Pseudomonas, staphylococci, and mycobacteria. The content spans structural biochemistry and transport mechanisms of the major transporter families and considers individual drug efflux systems across various Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. Genomic analysis of efflux pump distribution and their contribution to clinically-relevant resistance are a major focus of the text. Moreover, interplay between drug efflux pumps and other key resistance mechanisms such as intrinsic drug impermeability, inactivation, and target alterations are discussed, as well as their molecular expression-based regulation and physiological functions beyond resistance, involving biofilms, stress response, and pathogenicity. Finally, strategies are addressed to target this drug resistance mechanism with novel antimicrobials or drug inhibitor adjuvants.
Download or read book Microbial Versatility in Varied Environments written by Raghvendra Pratap Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book compiles the latest studies on microorganisms thriving in extreme conditions. Microbes have been found in extremely high and low temperatures, highly acidic to saline conditions, from deserts to the Dead sea, from hot-springs to underwater hydrothermal vents- the diversity is incredible. The various chapters highlight the microbial life and describe the mechanisms of tolerance to these harsh conditions, and show how an understanding of these phenomena can help us exploit the microbes in biotechnology. The theme of the book is highly significant since life in these environments can give vital clues about the origin and evolution of life on earth, as a lot of these conditions simulate the environment present billions of years ago. Additionally, the study of adaptation and survival of organisms in such environments can be important for finding life on other planets. This book shall be useful for students, researchers and course instructors interested in evolution, microbial adaptations and ecology in varied environments.
Download or read book Antimicrobial Resistance and Implications for the 21st Century written by I.W. Fong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-15 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, up-to-date volume defines the issues and offers potential solutions to the challenges of antimicrobial resistance. The chapter authors are leading international experts on antimicrobial resistance among a variety of bacteria, viruses including HIV and herpes, parasites and fungi. The chapters explore the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance, the immunology and epidemiology of resistance strains, clinical implications and implications on research and lack thereof, and prevention and future directions.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 2214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book CDC Health Information for International Travel 2010 written by Gary W. Brunette and published by Mosby Incorporated. This book was released on 2009 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2009-2010 edition of the this guide presents dependable advice on any travel health issue, including vaccinations, essential trip planning and safety tips, prevention of an expanded list of travel-related infectious diseases, altitude illness, motion sickness, sunburn, medical tourism, and much more. This official publication is filled with valuable information not only for healthcare providers and travelers, but also for anyone interested in travel health.
Download or read book Optimizing Chloramine Treatment written by Gregory J. Kirmeyer and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2004 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual recommends optimal operational criteria for chloramine application to enhance and protect distribution system water quality. It examines the chemical characteristics of chloramines, documents the use of chloramines with case studies, and provides planning, design, startup, and monitoring strategies for optimizing the use of chloramines.
Download or read book Regulation of Bacterial Virulence written by Michael L. Vasil and published by American Society for Microbiology Press. This book was released on 2012-12-05 with total page 1189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive compendium of scholarly contributions relating to bacterial virulence gene regulation. • Provides insights into global control and the switch between distinct infectious states (e.g., acute vs. chronic). • Considers key issues about the mechanisms of gene regulation relating to: surface factors, exported toxins and export mechanisms. • Reflects on how the regulation of intracellular lifestyles and the response to stress can ultimately have an impact on the outcome of an infection. • Highlights and examines some emerging regulatory mechanisms of special significance. • Serves as an ideal compendium of valuable topics for students, researchers and faculty with interests in how the mechanisms of gene regulation ultimately affect the outcome of an array of bacterial infectious diseases.
Download or read book Antioxidant Nutrients and Immune Functions written by Adrianne Bendich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The detenmnation of optimal nutritional status has traditionally been based upon generalized parameters such as weight gain and body fat levels. Vitamin and mineral requirements were often related to the intakes needed to prevent overt signs of deficiency diseases such as beriberi or scurvy. However, in the past decade or so, there have been intensive investigations to determine the subtle changes in physiological functions associated with marginal micronutrient intakes. There is a growing consensus that immune system activities are very sensitive indicators of micronutrient status. During this decade, there has also been a rapid expansion of research in the role of free radicals and antioxidants in the major chronic diseases which afflict mankind( i.e. cancer, cardiovascular disease,and autoimmune disease). The main function of antioxidant nutrients in an appropriate diet is the prevention of oxidative damage to cells and their physiological functions. Antioxidant nutrients counteract free radicals and damaging oxidative actions on cell membranes. Since the cells of the immune system are rapidly differentiating and proliferating, such dividing and transforming cells are particularly susceptible to damage by oxidation. The interactions of antioxidant nutrition and immune system activities and disease resistance are therefore logical areas for research. Thus, the objective of this symposium was to bring together the leading investigators who have examined the immunological effects of dietary essential nutrients which share the capacity to act as antioxidants.
Download or read book Biological Inorganic Chemistry written by Ivano Bertini and published by University Science Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part A.: Overviews of biological inorganic chemistry : 1. Bioinorganic chemistry and the biogeochemical cycles -- 2. Metal ions and proteins: binding, stability, and folding -- 3. Special cofactors and metal clusters -- 4. Transport and storage of metal ions in biology -- 5. Biominerals and biomineralization -- 6. Metals in medicine. -- Part B.: Metal ion containing biological systems : 1. Metal ion transport and storage -- 2. Hydrolytic chemistry -- 3. Electron transfer, respiration, and photosynthesis -- 4. Oxygen metabolism -- 5. Hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur metabolism -- 6. Metalloenzymes with radical intermediates -- 7. Metal ion receptors and signaling. -- Cell biology, biochemistry, and evolution: Tutorial I. -- Fundamentals of coordination chemistry: Tutorial II.
Download or read book Lessons in Immunity written by Loriano Ballarin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lessons in Immunity: From Single-cell Organisms to Mammals stems from the activity of the Italian Association of Developmental and Comparative Immunobiology (IADCI), represented by the editors. This book is presented as a series of short overviews that report on the current state of various relevant fields of immunobiology from an evolutionary perspective. The overviews are written by authors directly involved in the research, and most are members of the IADCI or have otherwise been involved in the related research for their respective overview. This publication offers scientists and teachers an easy and updated reference tool. Provides simple and updated reviews on the immunobiology of a wide spectrum of organisms, considered in an evolutionary context Focuses on both cells and humoral components of a variety of non-classical model organisms Offers in a single volume many contributions which can help with understanding the evolution of immune responses and the main adaptations in animal phyla Presents a valuable holistic cross-sectional approach for teaching immunology and its applications
