Download or read book Regulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Within Chemical Microenvironment of Bone Marrow Stem Cell Niche written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been used extensively in skeletal tissue engineering and regeneration. However, maintaining the properties of BMSCs in culture for subsequent applications still remains a great challenge for researchers. To this end, an emerging research approach of constructing a culture environment mimicking the bone marrow stem cell niche for regulation of BMSCs has been developed. This dissertation work aims to investigate the regulatory effects of soluble factors in the bone marrow niche on BMSCs, and further apply the knowledge to the maintenance of BMSC properties for tissue regeneration applications. First, using soluble factors extracted from bone marrow for BMSC culture, we found that bone marrow extract can maintain properties of BMSCs. We also found that the treatment of bone marrow extract can support cell quiescence, delay cellular senescence, enhance cell proliferation, and inhibit the multilineage differentiation of BMSCs while directing the cell fate toward osteogenic and chondrogenic cell lineages. Second, by analyzing the composition of bone marrow extract, we identified that lipocalin-2 (LCN2) and prolactin (PRL) are responsible for the regulatory effects of bone marrow extract on BMSCs. Treating BMSCs with the combination of LCN2 and PRL can delay cellular senescence and direct the cells toward osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Third, we also identified that bone marrow extract contains endothelin-1 (ET1). We demonstrated that endothelial cells secrete ET1 to direct cell fates of BMSCs through the AKT signaling pathway. Lastly, we found that pretreatment with LCN2 and PRL in BMSC culture can enhance the in vivo bone forming capacity of these cells. Together, we demonstrated that understanding the in vivo regulation of BMSC activities in the bone marrow stem cell niche can aid in improving BMSC-based tissue regeneration.

Download or read book Biology and Engineering of Stem Cell Niches written by Ajaykumar Vishwakarma and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-22 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology and Engineering of Stem Cell Niches covers a wide spectrum of research and current knowledge on embryonic and adult stem cell niches, focusing on the understanding of stem cell niche molecules and signaling mechanisms, including cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions. The book comprehensively reviews factors regulating stem cell behavior and the corresponding approaches for understanding the subsequent effect of providing the proper matrix molecules, mechanical cues, and/or chemical cues. It encompasses a variety of tools and techniques for developing biomaterials-based methods to model synthetic stem cell niches in vivo, or to enhance and direct stem cell fate in vitro. A final section of the book discusses stem cell niche bioengineering strategies and current advances in each tissue type. Includes the importance of Cell-Cell and Cell Matrix Interactions in each specific tissue and system Authored and edited by authorities in this emerging and multidisciplinary field Includes valuable links to 5-10 minute YouTube© author videos that describe main points

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cells Basics and Clinical Application II written by Birgit Weyand and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineered MSCs from Patient-Specific iPS Cells, by Irina Eberle, Mohsen Moslem, Reinhard Henschler, Tobias Cantz Fate of Intravenously Injected Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Significance for Clinical Application, by Beate Wagner, Reinhard Henschler The Implications of Stem Cell Applications for Diseases of the Respiratory System, by Mei Ling Lim, Philipp Jungebluth, Paolo Macchiarini Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Applications in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, by Birgit Weyand, Peter M. Vogt General Principles for the Regeneration of Bone and Cartilage, by Michael Jagodzinski, C. Haasper Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells Explored in the Dental Field, by K. M. Fawzy El-Sayed, C. Dörfer, F. Fändrich, F. Gieseler, M. H. Moustafa, H. Ungefroren Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy and Lung Diseases, by Khondoker M. Akram, Sohel Samad, Monica Spiteri, Nicholas R. Forsyth Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Cellular Immunotherapeutics in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, by Claudia Papewalis, Daniela Topolar, Barbara Götz, Stefan Schönberger, Dagmar Dilloo New Cell-Based Therapy Paradigm: Induction of Bone Marrow-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells into Pro-Inflammatory MSC1 and Anti-inflammatory MSC2 Phenotypes, by Aline M. Betancourt Interactions Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Dendritic Cells, by Grazia Maria Spaggiari, Lorenzo Moretta MSC and Tumors: Homing, Differentiation, and Secretion Influence Therapeutic Potential, by Naomi D’souza, Jorge Sans Burns, Giulia Grisendi, Olivia Candini, Elena Veronesi, Serena Piccinno, Edwin M. Horwitz, Paolo Paolucci, Pierfranco Conte, Massimo Dominici Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current and Future Clinical Use, by Michela Pozzobon, Martina Piccoli, Paolo De Coppi Role of the EU Framework in Regulation of Stem Cell-Based Products, by Giovanni Migliaccio, Cristina Pintus

Download or read book Stem Cell Microenvironments and Beyond written by Alexander Birbrair and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-03 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the main stem cell niches under distinct pathophysiological conditions. The role of tissue microenvironments in stem cell regulation, as well as modern methodologies and new techniques for the identification and characterization of stem cell niches, are discussed by leading experts in the field. Chapters describe the major components of various stem cell microenvironments, such as cellular components, soluble factors, cell-cell interactions, extra-cellular matrix proteins, and physical forces. Stem Cell Microenvironments and Beyond is part of the highly successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology series. It is essential reading for graduate students and researchers in the field of stem cells or cell biology as well as clinicians.

Download or read book Bone Marrow Niche written by Takashi Nagasawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-11-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes recent advances in research on mesenchymal cell populations in the bone marrow. It explores how mesenchymal cells create niches for immune cells in extramedullary organs and it discusses new concepts of lympho-hematopoietic microenvironments. Readers are introduced to the fundamentals of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiation to all types of blood cells, including immune cells, in the bone marrow. The book highlights how this process is supported and regulated by the individual microenvironments of stem cells, termed niches. The identity of HSC niches has been subject to longstanding debates. Recent studies identified the population of mesenchymal stem cells as the major cellular component of niches, for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their candidate developmental origin. Furthermore, candidate cellular niches for immune cells in lymph nodes and adipose and connective tissues were identified. The authors of this volume focus on shared features between those and HSPC niche cells in the bone marrow. Covering latest research results, this book serves as fascinating read for researchers and clinicians in hematology and immunology.

Download or read book Microenvironment Derived Stem Cell Plasticity written by Jelena Krstic and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasticity is the hallmark of stem cells. At the same time, stem cells, like any other cell type, are influenced by their microenvironment and respond to it accordingly. A specific microenvironment is defined by a variety of factors, including biological and chemical factors, cell-cell interactions, but also metabolic and mechanical cues. Such dynamic and specialized microenvironment where the stem cells reside is considered a stem cell niche. Tissue injury as well as malignant tissue alterations lead to changes in the niche influencing the plasticity and biology of residing stem cells. Similarly, the niche changes upon tissue damage, which eventually induces differentiation of stem cells and ultimately regeneration of the tissue.

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy written by Lucas G. Chase and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, significant efforts have been made to develop stem cell-based therapies for difficult to treat diseases. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), appear to hold great promise in regards to a regenerative cell-based therapy for the treatment of these diseases. Currently, more than 200 clinical trials are underway worldwide exploring the use of MSCs for the treatment of a wide range of disorders including bone, cartilage and tendon damage, myocardial infarction, graft-versus-host disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, critical limb ischemia and many others. MSCs were first identified by Friendenstein and colleagues as an adherent stromal cell population within the bone marrow with the ability to form clonogenic colonies in vitro. In regards to the basic biology associated with MSCs, there has been tremendous progress towards understanding this cell population’s phenotype and function from a range of tissue sources. Despite enormous progress and an overall increased understanding of MSCs at the molecular and cellular level, several critical questions remain to be answered in regards to the use of these cells in therapeutic applications. Clinically, both autologous and allogenic approaches for the transplantation of MSCs are being explored. Several of the processing steps needed for the clinical application of MSCs, including isolation from various tissues, scalable in vitro expansion, cell banking, dose preparation, quality control parameters, delivery methods and numerous others are being extensively studied. Despite a significant number of ongoing clinical trials, none of the current therapeutic approaches have, at this point, become a standard of care treatment. Although exceptionally promising, the clinical translation of MSC-based therapies is still a work in progress. The extensive number of ongoing clinical trials is expected to provide a clearer path forward for the realization and implementation of MSCs in regenerative medicine. Towards this end, reviews of current clinical trial results and discussions of relevant topics association with the clinical application of MSCs are compiled in this book from some of the leading researchers in this exciting and rapidly advancing field. Although not absolutely all-inclusive, we hope the chapters within this book can promote and enable a better understanding of the translation of MSCs from bench-to-bedside and inspire researchers to further explore this promising and quickly evolving field.

Download or read book A Roadmap to Nonhematopoietic Stem Cell Based Therapeutics written by Xiao-Dong Chen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-31 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Roadmap to Non-hematopoietic Stem Cell-Based Therapeutics: From the Bench to the Clinic is a resource that provides an overview of the principles of stem cell therapy, the promises and challenges of using stem cells for treating various clinical conditions, and future perspectives. The overall goal is to facilitate the translation of basic research on stem cells to clinical applications. The properties of stem cells from various sources are reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of each for clinical use are discussed. Modifying stem cell properties through preconditioning strategies using physical, chemical, genetic, and molecular manipulation to improve cell survival, increase cell differentiation potential, enhance production of paracrine factors, and facilitate homing to the site of injury or disease upon transplantation are reviewed. Various routes of stem cell administration and dosing, and the duration of effects, are explored. Individual chapters are written by experts in the field and focus on the use of stem cells in treating various degenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, wound healing, cardiovascular disease, spinal cord injury, oral and dental diseases, and skeletal disorders. Finally, experts in the regulatory arena discuss mechanisms used in different countries for approving the use of stem cells to treat diseases and many common issues that are typically encountered while seeking approval for this class of therapeutic agent. Offers advanced students, as well as new researchers, an overview of the principles of stem cell therapy Discusses a wide array of pressing clinical issues with stem cell-based therapies so that new ideas in the laboratory can be efficiently translated to the clinic through better designed clinical trials Helps clarify current regulatory mechanisms so that the safe use of stem cells for treating a variety of diseases can move forward Fosters cross-disciplinary dialogue between research scientists and physicians to accelerate the safe implementation of efficacious cell therapies

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stromal Cells written by Peiman Hematti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-16 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) biology has been studied for more than 4 decades and the cells have been investigated for potential clinical applications for more than 15 years. Progress has become exponential over the past decade due mainly to the broad therapeutic potential of these cells. However, MSC studies have also been subject to controversy and increasing scrutiny as new mechanisms of action are reported and ever-expanding therapeutic applications pursued. In this book, leading authorities from all over the world, who are actively involved in this field, provide state-of-the-art knowledge of the basic biology, translational requirements and latest clinical experience with MSCs. This cutting edge book is the ideal resource for scientists and clinicians interested in pursuing an important and rapidly developing field of research that will eventually help patients and address urgent unmet medical needs. Features include: Coverage of the biology of MSCs, latest understanding of mechanisms of action, and role in tissue homeostasis and regeneration Identifying the potential of MSCs in proceeding from bench to bedside from regulatory , GMP production, ethical and safety aspects Critical analysis of clinical studies and the potential of MSCs to treat a wide variety of human diseases and tissues.

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Human Health and Diseases written by Ahmed El-Hashash and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-01-06 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Human Health and Diseases provides a contemporary overview of the fast-moving field of MSC biology, regenerative medicine and therapeutics. MSCs offer the potential to dramatically reduce human suffering from disease. Numerous MSC-based studies are ongoing each year, each offering hope for novel treatments in human disease. This book provides information on MSC application in well-studied human diseases and tissue repair/regeneration and recent advances in their research and treatment. These discoveries are placed within the structural context of tissue and developmental biology in sections dealing with recent advances in our understanding of MSC biology. Includes insights ranging from MSC biology and development through the derivation and identification and properties of MSCs Helps to identify potential innovative solutions for restoring normal morphogenesis and/or regeneration of diseased organs Discusses the fact-based promise of MSC therapeutics and regenerative medicine in the real world

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cells Basics and Clinical Application I written by Birgit Weyand and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prospective Isolation and Characterization of Human Bone Marrow-Derived MSCs, by A. Harichandan, K. Sivasubramaniyan, H.-J. Bühring Urine as a Source of Stem Cells, by Christina Benda, Ting Zhou, Xianming Wang, Weihua Tian, Johannes Grillari, Hung-Fat Tse, Regina Grillari-Voglauer, Duanqing Pei, Miguel A. Esteban Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells under Xenogenic-Free Culture Conditions, by Sven Kinzebach, Karen Bieback Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Biology and Potential Applications, by Danielle Minteer, Kacey G Marra, J Peter Rubin Potential for Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation of MSC, by Antonina Lavrentieva, Tim Hatlapatka, Anne Neumann, Birgit Weyand, Cornelia Kasper Potential for Neural Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, by Letizia Ferroni, Chiara Gardin, Ilaria Tocco, Roberta Epis, Alessandro Casadei, Vincenzo Vindigni, Giuseppe Mucci, Barbara Zavan Migratory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, by Thomas Dittmar, Frank Entschladen Dissecting Paracrine Effectors for Mesenchymal Stem Cells, by Stefania Bruno, Federica Collino, Ciro Tetta, Giovanni Camussi Proteomics Approaches in the Identification of Molecular Signatures of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, by Yin Xiao, Jiezhong Chen Does the Adult Stroma Contain Stem Cells?, by Richard Schäfer

Download or read book The Stem Cell Microenvironment and Its Role in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Pathogenesis written by Cristian Pablo Pennisi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How stem cells behave is very much a factor of their local microenvironment, also known as the stem cell niche. Physical, chemical, or electrical signals from the neighboring cells or biochemical signals from distant cells are crucial in the cell fate decision process. A major challenge of tissue engineering is to mimic the natural cell environment by designing very sophisticated scaffolds able not only to mechanically support cells, but also to release signals biologically relevant for governing stem cell fate. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that abnormal interaction of stem cells with their niche is responsible for altered cell function leading to malignant transformation. This book discusses some of the recent advances in stem cell research that may help understanding the properties of the niche that govern stem cell fate. Technical topics discussed include:Stem cell biologyCancer stem cellsStem cell interactions with biomaterialsEngineering the stem cell microenvironmentStem cells in tissue regeneration and repairThe Disputationes Workshop series is an international initiative aimed at disseminating stem cell related cutting edge knowledge among scientists, healthcare workers, students and policy makers. This book emerges as a result of the scientific contributions presented and discussed during the fifth Disputationes Workshop held in Aalborg (Denmark) in April 2014. The stem cell microenvironment and its role in regenerative medicine and cancer pathogenesis is ideal for academic staff and master/research students in biomedical and health sciences

Download or read book Essentials of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology and Its Clinical Translation written by Robert Chunhua Zhao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of adult stem cells, have attracted the attention of scientists and physicians alike due to their unique biological properties and potential for disease treatment. As stem cell research is complex and progressing rapidly, it is important that the experts in this field share their views and perspectives. This book, co-edited by leading global researchers, is divided into three major sections and covers a broad range of topics concerning MSCs during their transition from benchside to bedside. The book is intended for researchers and clinicians in the field of stem cells. Dr. Robert Chunhua Zhao, MD. Ph.D is Cheung Kong Professor of Stem Cell Biology, Professor of Cell Biology at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China Director of Center for Tissue Engineering, PUMC Chief scientist of 973 program Regional Editor of Stem Cells and Development.

Download or read book Genetic Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells written by Jan A. Nolta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-29 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MSC (mesenchymal stem cells) have been reported to initiate revascularization after injury, to facilitate engraftment of blood-forming stem cells, and to reduce the incidence of graft-vs. host disease through their immune-suppressive qualities. Finally, bone marrow-derived MSC have been reported to home to areas of solid tumor revascularization, and thus may be used as delivery vehicles to target ablative agents into dividing tumor cells. Recently the characteristics of human MSC from adipose (fat) tissue have also been identified. The possibility of repairing tissues, speeding stem cell engraftment, and targeting solid tumors for specific killing, using MSC easily harvested from bone marrow, or better yet, from unwanted fat tissue, holds broad appeal, and is an intriguing possibility that could have dramatic effect on health care. This book has information on how to isolate, grow, and characterize MSC from marrow and fat, and gives important insight into how these cells may be used for gene delivery and cellular therapies in the future. Updates on emerging clinical trials are given.

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes written by Yaoliang Tang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are at the forefront of research in two of the most high profile and funded scientific areas – cardiovascular research and stem cells. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes provides insight into the biofunction and molecular mechanisms, practical tools for research, and a look toward the clinical applications of this exciting phenomenon which is emerging as an effective diagnostic. Primarily focused on the cardiovascular applications where there have been the greatest advancements toward the clinic, this is the first compendium for clinical and biomedical researchers who are interested in integrating MSC-derived exosomes as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Introduces the MSC-exosome mediated cell-cell communication Covers the major functional benefits in current MSC-derived exosome studies Discusses strategies for the use of MSC-derived exosomes in cardiovascular therapies

Download or read book Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self Renewal During Homeostasis and Regeneration written by Claire Koechlein and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hematopoietic system is maintained throughout the lifetime of an organism by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs are uniquely able to balance both self-renewal, to maintain a population of stem cells, and differentiation, to produce all of the immune cells required for hematopoietic function. Further, in response to a severe injury, such as chemotherapy or radiation, HSCs are able to respond and regenerate the hematopoietic compartment. To better understand the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that endow this functionality, I focused on two main facets of hematopoietic stem cell biology: the bone marrow microenvironment and metabolism. To compare the role of distinct bone marrow niches in hematopoiesis we developed two tools. First, a live calvarial bone marrow imaging system that allowed dynamic real-time tracking of individual cells. Secondly, a transgenic mouse that enabled the visualization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vivo. To track HSPCs in real-time via live imaging, we developed a new Msi2-GFP knock-in reporter mouse. Using these tools, I determined that HSPCs display a preference for contacting the vasculature niche, as well as making long-term interactions there. Further application of these tools will continue to deepen the understanding of how HSPCs interact with and are influenced by their bone marrow microenvironment. To understand the role of metabolism in HSC function, I focused on uncovering the function of the monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 2 (MCT1/2). MCT1/2 were identified from a transcriptional analysis of genes impacted by the treatment of mice with G-CSF, which induces HSC proliferation and mobilization. Inhibition of MCT1/2 via AR-C155858 (AR-C) improved HSC function both in vitro and in vivo. AR-C improved bone marrow recovery after injury and the engraftment of mouse and human HSCs. This data supports the use of AR-C as a clinical tool to both aid hematopoietic regeneration and hematopoietic stem cell transplant efficacy. Collectively, this dissertation advances the understanding of mechanisms regulating homeostatic and regenerating HSCs. A thorough understanding of these mechanisms allows them to be manipulated for therapeutic uses to improve patient outcomes after hematopoietic injury and engraftment after transplantation.

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cells Basics and Clinical Application II written by Birgit Weyand and published by . This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: