Download or read book Regulation and Genetics written by H. Fraenkel-Conrat and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The time seems ripe for a critical compendum of that segment of the biological universe we call viruses. Virology, as a science, having passed only recently through its descriptive phase of naming and numbering, has probably reached that stage at which relatively few new-truly new-viruses will be discovered. Triggered by the intellectual probes and techniques of molecular biology, genetics, biochemical cytology, and high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy, the field has experienced a genuine information explosion. Few serious attempts have been made to chronicle these events. This comprehensive series, which will comprise some 6000 pages in a total of about 22 volumes, represents a commitment by a large group of active investigators to analyze, digest, and expostulate on the great mass of data relating to viruses, much of which is now amorphous and disjointed, and scattered throughout a wide literature. In this way, we hope to place the entire field in perspective, and to develop an invalua ble reference and sourcebook for researchers and students at all levels. This series is designed as a continuum that can be entered anywhere, but which also provides a logical progression of developing facts and integrated concepts.
Download or read book Regulation and Genetics Genetics of Animal Viruses written by Robert R. Wagner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1977 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 9 Regulation and Genetics Genetics of Animal Viruses written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Gene Expression in Animal Viruses written by Luis Carrasco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viruses, being obligatory parasites of their host cells, rely on a vast supply of cellular components for their replication, regardless of whether infection leads to cell death or to the state of persistence. Animal viruses are providing scientists with relatively simple models to study the molecular biology of genome replication and gene expression. Whereas viruses use, in general, pathways of macromolecular biosynthesis common to the host cell, they have a cunning ability to adopt unusual mechanisms of gene expression and gene replication, provided these special pathways offer an advantage in competition for cellular resources. Any study of viral gene expression and replication is likely to lead also to new insights in cellular metabolism. The discoveries of cis-acting regulatory elements in transcription, the phenomenon of splicing of pre mRNA, and cap-dependent and cap-independent initiation of translation may be cited as examples. In addition, animal virus genomes contain elements and encode proteins that are very useful for the design of vectors for gene cloning and expression in mammalian cells. Apart from the basic interest in their biology, viruses have gained notoriety, of course, because they are pathogens. Human animal viruses may cause diseases ranging from the deadly (AIDS) to the benign (common cold). All studies on animal viruses potentially lead to the development of tools for their control, be it through prevention by immunization or treatment with antiviral drugs. Finally, viruses have yielded invaluable reagents in molecular biology as, for example, the vaccinia virus vector for the expression of foreign genes.
Download or read book Regulation and Genetics written by H. Fraenkel-Conrat and published by Springer. This book was released on 1977 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The time seems ripe for a critical compendum of that segment of the biological universe we call viruses. Virology, as a science, having passed only recently through its descriptive phase of naming and numbering, has probably reached that stage at which relatively few new-truly new-viruses will be discovered. Triggered by the intellectual probes and techniques of molecular biology, genetics, biochemical cytology, and high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy, the field has experienced a genuine information explosion. Few serious attempts have been made to chronicle these events. This comprehensive series, which will comprise some 6000 pages in a total of about 22 volumes, represents a commitment by a large group of active investigators to analyze, digest, and expostulate on the great mass of data relating to viruses, much of which is now amorphous and disjointed, and scattered throughout a wide literature. In this way, we hope to place the entire field in perspective, and to develop an invalua ble reference and sourcebook for researchers and students at all levels. This series is designed as a continuum that can be entered anywhere, but which also provides a logical progression of developing facts and integrated concepts.
Download or read book Comprehensive Virology written by H. Fraenkel-Conrat and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Nature and Organization of Retroviral Genes in Animal Cells written by David R. Strayer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: l RNA tumor viruses have become increasingly utilized in studies of cellular transformation and gene regulation. The genes of retroviruses exist in two forms; as extrachromosomal, RNA-containing, infectious particles and as DNA pro 2 viruses stably associated with cell genes. Components from the extracellular form can be collected in large quantity and purified for the preparation of molec ular probes. These probes can be used to dissect the sequence of events required for the establishment and expression of the integrated form. Furthermore the 2 genomes of retroviruses originated from normal cell genes, genes called virogenes • The nucleic acid and protein probes isolated from these viruses are therefore useful for studying the nature and expression of this normal cell gene and in elucidating the physiological role of its products. RNA tumor viruses perhaps offer us one of the most complete sets of biochemical reagents and biological responses for examining gene regulation in vertebrates and for studying the consequences of aberrant gene regulation on cell growth in tissue culture and in animals. Further more, there is an increasing conviction that virogenes play an important role in normal development and/or differentiation (RISSER, STOCKERT and OLD, 1978). Consequently, there is a growing feeling that DNA proviruses are altered viro genes and are capable of interfering with normal development or differentiation, causing reprogrammed growth or the incapacity to specialize.
Download or read book Molecular Virology of Human Pathogenic Viruses written by Wang-Shick Ryu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-30 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Virology of Human Pathogenic Viruses presents robust coverage of the key principles of molecular virology while emphasizing virus family structure and providing key context points for topical advances in the field. The book is organized in a logical manner to aid in student discoverability and comprehension and is based on the author’s more than 20 years of teaching experience. Each chapter will describe the viral life cycle covering the order of classification, virion and genome structure, viral proteins, life cycle, and the effect on host and an emphasis on virus-host interaction is conveyed throughout the text. Molecular Virology of Human Pathogenic Viruses provides essential information for students and professionals in virology, molecular biology, microbiology, infectious disease, and immunology and contains outstanding features such as study questions and recommended journal articles with perspectives at the end of each chapter to assist students with scientific inquiries and in reading primary literature. Presents viruses within their family structure Contains recommended journal articles with perspectives to put primary literature in context Includes integrated recommended reading references within each chapter Provides access to online ancillary package inclusive of annotated PowerPoint images, instructor’s manual, study guide, and test bank
Download or read book Animal Virus Genetics written by Bernard N. Fields and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal Virus Genetics is a collection of scientific presentations of the ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, held at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1980. The papers in the compendium focus on the basic genetic model systems; the uses of genetic approaches to study basic problems in molecular biology; and on the increasing application of genetic systems to the study of more complex viral-host interactions such as viral virulence and persistence. Microbiologists, cellular biologists, and virologists will find the book insightful.
Download or read book The Epstein Barr Virus written by M. A. Epstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Epstein-Barr virus was discovered 15 years ago. Since that time an immense body of information has been accumu lated on this agent which has come to assume great signifi cance in many different fields of biological science. Thus, the virus has very special relevance in human medicine and oncology, in tumor virology, in immunology, and in mole cular virology, since it is the cause of infectious mononu cleosis and also the first human cancer virus, etiologically related to endemic Burkitt's lymphoma and probably to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In addition, continuous human lymphoid cell lines initiated and maintained by the transform ing function of the virus genome provide a laboratory tool with wide and ever-growing applications. Innumerable papers on the Epstein-Barr virus have ap peared over recent years and reports of work with this agent now constitute a veritable flood. The present book provides the first and only comprehensive, authoritative over-view of all aspects of the virus by authors who have been the original and major contributors in their particular disciplines. A complete and up-to-date survey of this unique and important agent is thus provided which should be of great interest to experts, teachers, and students engaged in cancer research, virology, immunology, molecular biology, epide miology, and cell culture. Where topics have been dealt with from more than one of these viewpoints, some inevitable overlap and duplication has resulted; although this has been kept to a minimum, it has been retained in some places because of positive usefulness.
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Download or read book The Biology of Animal Viruses written by Frank J. Fenner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 851 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Biology of Animal Viruses, Second Edition deals with animal viruses focusing on molecular biology and tumor virology. The book reviews the nature, chemical composition, structure, and classification of animal viruses. The text also describes the methods of isolating animal viruses, how these are grown in the laboratory, assayed, purified, and used in biochemical experiments. The book also describes the structure and chemistry of many known viruses such as the papovaviridae, herpes virus, poxvirus, coronavirus, or the Bunyamwera supergroup. The book then explains the structure and function of the animal cell including the cytoplasmic organelles, the nucleus, inhibitors of cell function, and viral multiplication. Other papers discuss in detail the multiplication of the DNA and RNA viruses, whose mechanisms of multiplication differ from those of other viruses. Other papers discuss the known prevention and treatment methods of viral diseases, as well as the epidemiology and evolution of viral diseases resulting from human's disturbance of the biosphere and from medical and experimental innovations. The text can prove useful for immunologists, veterinarians, virologists, molecular researchers, students, and academicians in the field of cellular microbiology and virology.
Download or read book Epigenetic Modifications and Viral Infections written by Silvia Carolina Galvan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-09 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics is defined as the study of modifications of the genome, heritable during cell division that does not involve changes in DNA sequences. Up to date, epigenetic modifications involve at least three general mechanisms regulating gene expression: histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). For the past two decades, an explosion in our interest and understanding of epigenetic mechanisms has been seen. This mainly based on the influence that epigenetic alterations have on an amazing number of biological processes, such as gene expression, imprinting, programmed DNA rearrangements, germ line silencing, developmentally cued stem cell division, and overall chromosomal stability and identity. It has become also evident that the constant exposure of living organisms to environment factors affects their genomes through epigenetic mechanisms. Viruses infecting animal cells are thought to play central roles in shaping the epigenetic scenario of infected cells. In this context it has become obvious that knowing the impact that viral infections have on the epigenetic control of their host cells will certainly lead to a better understanding of the interplay viruses have with animal cells. In fact, DNA viruses use host transcription factors as well as epigenetic regulators in such a way that they affect epigenetic control of gene expression that extends to host gene expression. At the same time, animal cells employ mechanisms controlling transcription factors and epigenetic processes, in order to eliminate viral infections. In summary, epigenetic mechanisms are involved in most virus-cell interactions. We now know that some viruses exhibit epigenetic immune evasion mechanisms to survive and propagate in their host; however, there is still much ambiguity over these epigenetic mechanisms of viral immune evasion, and most of the discovered mechanisms are still incomplete. Other animal viruses associated to cancer often deregulate cellular epigenetic mechanisms, silencing cellular tumor-suppressor genes and/or activating either viral or host cell oncogenes. In addition, in several cancers the down-regulation of tumor suppressor protein-coding genes and ncRNAs with growth inhibitory functions, such as miRNAs, have been closely linked to the presence of cell CpG island promoter hypermethylation. The goal of the aforementioned Research Topic is to bring together the key experimental and theoretical research, linking state-of-the-art knowledge about the epigenetic mechanisms involved in animal virus-cell interactions.
Download or read book The Baculoviruses written by Lois K. Miller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has witnessed an explosion of information on the molecular biology of insect viruses and a frenzy of activity in applying this information to medicine and agriculture. Genetically engineered baculoviruses are presently being tested for commercial use as pesticides, and the study of such viruses is also revealing remarkable insights into basic cellular processes such as apoptosis. This comprehensive volume provides readers with knowledge of basic and applied baculovirology so that current literature in the field can be appreciated.
Download or read book Initiation Signals in Viral Gene Expression written by A. J. Shatkin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-11-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elucidating Mechanisms of Eukaryotic Genetic Expression by Studying Animal Viruses AARON 1. SHATIGN* Eukaryotic genetic expression is carefully regulated. Normal cell growth and division, tis sue differentiation, and organism development all depend on a strictly ordered progres sion of specific events. Perturbation of the control of these processes, for example by ex posure to harmful chemicals or infection with viruses leads to aberrant forms of meta bolism, often resulting in malignancies and cell death. One of the most challenging problems in biology is to derme at the molecular level the mechanisms that govern gene function in higher organisms, including ultimately man. This goal serves to unify the diverse efforts of many investigators, whether studying the precise patterns of embryo genesis, the loss of control that occurs during neoplastic growth or the redirection of biosynthetic pathways in virus-infected cells. Recently there has been remarkable and exciting progress toward understanding the molecular biology of eukaryotic expression. Much of this rapidly increasing new infor mation has come from studies of animal virus systems. Just as investigations of the relatively simple, rapidly assayed, and easily manipulated bacteriophages lead to basic discoveries about prokaryotic cells, analyses of animal viruses and their interactions with host cells have provided fundamental information about how eukaryotic nucleic acids are organized for regulated replication, transcription, and translation. For example, the small genome of SV , like cellular DNA in chromatin, is associated with histones to 40 form nucleosomal arrays (Griffin 1975).
Download or read book Principles of Virology written by S. Jane Flint and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated to reflect important advances in the field, Principles of Virology, Second Edition continues to fill the gap between simple introductory texts and very advanced reviews of major virus families, introducing upper–level undergraduates, graduate students, and medical students to all aspects of virology. The second edition retains all of the defining and much–praised features of the first edition, focusing on concepts and principles and presenting a comprehensive treatment from molecular biology to pathogenesis and infection control. Written in an engagingly readable style and generously illustrated with over 400 full–color illustrations, this approachable volume offers detailed examples that illustrate common principles, specific strategies adopted by different viruses to ensure their reproduction, and the current state of virology research. The book is divided into chapters that focus on specific topics rather than individual viruses, and allows the student to visualize common themes that cut across virus families, emphasizing the shared features of different viruses. Drawing on the extensive teaching experience of each of its distinguished authors, Principles of Virology illustrates why and how animal viruses are studied and demonstrates, using well–studied systems, how the knowledge gained from such model viruses can be used to study viral systems about which our knowledge is still quite limited. A thorough introduction to principles of viral pathogenesis, a broad view of viral evolution, a discussion of how viruses were discovered, and how the discipline of virology came to be are also provided. A variety of special boxes highlight key experiments, background material, caveats, and much more. The text focuses on concepts and principles and covers not only aspects of molecular biology, but also pathogenesis, evolution, emergence, and control, and will also be a valuable resource for practicing physicians and scientists. New in the Second Edition Completely revised pathogenesis chapters Pathogenicity Snapshots: an appendix highlighting teaching points for major viral diseases Expanded appendix on viral life cycles New chapter on viral genomes and coding strategies Detailed glossary Expanded references after each chapter new textboxes
Download or read book Regulation and Genetics written by H. Fraenkel-Conrat and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: