Download or read book MRNA Metabolism Post Transcriptional Gene Regulation written by Joe B. Harford and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 1997-03-28 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: mRNA METABOLISM & POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE REGULATION Edited by Joe B. Harford and David R. Morris Gene expression is a process that begins with the transcription of DNA to an RNA messenger (mRNA), which is then translated into a protein. Historically, attention has been focused on the regulation of RNA synthesis (transcription); however, there is a growing recognition of and appreciation for the importance of the many regulatory mechanisms that take place after RNA synthesis has been completed. mRNA Metabolism and Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation is the first comprehensive overview of the various modes of gene regulation that exist post-transcriptionally. Collecting studies by some of the top researchers in the field, this volume provides both an up-to-date review of the complex "life" of an mRNA molecule and an introduction to current work on the diversity of mechanisms of post-transcriptional reactions. Topics covered include: RNA structure Mammalian RNA editing RNA export from the nucleus The fundamentals of translation initiation Control of mRNA decay in plants mRNA metabolism and cancer Control of mRNA stability during herpes simplex virus infection Regulation of mRNA expression in HIV-1 and other complex retroviruses Nucleases RNA localization A timely contribution to the understanding of genetic regulatory mechanisms, mRNA Metabolism and Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation provides a basis from which potential therapeutic strategies may be developed. This book will be of vital interest to cell and molecular biologists at all levels, from graduate students to senior investigators, clinical researchers, and professionals in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.
Download or read book Regulating MRNA Metabolism written by Natalie Gilks Farny and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Appropriate metabolic responses to environmental stress are critical for cellular survival. Regulation of translation initiation is a key stress response mechanism. We demonstrate the dynamic formation of stress granules (SGs) in Drosophila cells in response to heat and oxidative stress. SGs are sites of mRNA triage during cellular stress, and their formation is regulated by inhibition of translation initiation. Further, we show that heat stress bypasses the normal mechanisms that regulate translational arrest. The culmination of these results reveals several new mechanisms for the metabolic regulation of mRNAs. The processes elucidated here all intersect with human health and disease, highlighting the important role of regulation of mRNA metabolism for cellular function.
Download or read book The mRNA Metabolism in Human Disease written by Luísa Romão and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eukaryotic gene expression pathway involves a number of interlinked steps, with messenger RNA (mRNA) being the key intermediate. The precursor mRNA is transcribed from DNA, processed by removal of introns and addition of the cap structure and the poly(A) tail. The mature mRNA is then exported to the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein and finally degraded. In this process, mRNA is associated with RNA-binding proteins forming ribonucleoprotein complexes, whose protein content evolves throughout the lifetime of the mRNA. While the complexity of eukaryotic gene expression allows the production of proteins to be controlled at many levels, it also makes the process vulnerable to errors. Although eukaryotic cells have evolved elaborate mRNA quality control mechanisms that ensure the fidelity of gene expression, some defects are not detected, thus affecting mRNA metabolism. This condition plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of several disease processes, such as neurodegeneration and oncogenesis. Besides, exciting recent data have shown that cellular RNAs can be modified post-transcriptionally via dynamic and reversible chemical modifications, the so-called epitranscriptome. These modifications can alter mRNA structure, being able to modulate different steps of the mRNA metabolism that can be associated with various human diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer. This book provides a collection of novel studies and hypotheses aimed to define the pathophysiological consequences of altered mRNA metabolism events in human cells, and is written for a wide spectrum of readers in the field of gene expression regulation. The last chapter highlights how the discovery of disease-causing defects (or modifications) in mRNA can provide a variety of therapeutic targets that can be used for the development of new RNA-based therapeutics. Hopefully, it may also contribute to inspire the drug-developing scientific community.
Download or read book Post transcriptional Regulation of MRNA Metabolism During Differentiation of 3T3 L1 Cells written by Vesna Karschner and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our studies address early control points in the differentiation process that are necessary for expression as well as the maintenance of the adipocyte phenotype. We have focused on the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA metabolism by the RNA binding protein HuR. Depending on the particular mRNA, HuR has been suggested to control polyadenylation, translocation to the cytosol, mRNA stability, and/or translational efficiency. Using the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line, we have demonstrated a critical role for HuR in the differentiation process by use of siRNA mediated suppression which resulted in an inhibition of differentiation. We have identified several mRNAs that serve as HuR ligands early in the differentiation process, one of which is C/EBPβ, an important adipocyte transcription factor, whose expression is highly controlled and essential for proper acquisition of the adipocyte phenotype. Within minutes of induction of differentiation, HuR forms an mRNP complex with C/EBPβ mRNA in the nucleus followed by translocation to the cytoplasm. HuR remains associated with C/EBPβ mRNA suggesting a role in mRNA stability and translation efficiency. Our data suggest that formation of this complex in the nucleus serves as a regulator/attenuator of polyadenylation and that this interaction leads to a controlled metabolism of the C/EBPβ mRNA by determination of the quantity of message translocated to the cytosol and available for translation. Additionally, our data have directed us toward the Zfp206 mRNA as an important HuR ligand whose regulation is predicted to be responsible for maintenance of the differentiation potential of the cells and whose expression is terminated as the cells express PPARγ and establish the adipocyte phenotype. Our mechanistic analysis of these issues will identify novel control points in the initial stages of adipogenesis and thus fundamental to the pathological states of obesity and diabetes.
Download or read book mRNA 3 End Processing and Metabolism written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-06-26 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: mRNA 3’ End Processing and Stability, Volume 655 in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series Updated release includes the latest information on mRNA 3' End Processing and Stability
Download or read book A Time for Metabolism and Hormones written by Paolo Sassone-Corsi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen spectacular advances in the field of circadian biology. These have attracted the interest of researchers in many fields, including endocrinology, neurosciences, cancer, and behavior. By integrating a circadian view within the fields of endocrinology and metabolism, researchers will be able to reveal many, yet-unsuspected aspects of how organisms cope with changes in the environment and subsequent control of homeostasis. This field is opening new avenues in our understanding of metabolism and endocrinology. A panel of the most distinguished investigators in the field gathered together to discuss the present state and the future of the field. The editors trust that this volume will be of use to those colleagues who will be picking up the challenge to unravel how the circadian clock can be targeted for the future development of specific pharmacological strategies toward a number of pathologies.
Download or read book Post Transcriptional Regulation by STAR Proteins written by Talila Volk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the available information on the structure of the RNA binding STAR domain and provides insights into how these proteins discriminate between different RNA targets. It reviews what is known about STAR proteins and human disease.
Download or read book Control of MRNA Metabolism by Poly A Binding Protein and Development of the Tethered Function Assay written by Jeffery Michael Coller and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding how Dhh1 and Ccr4 Not Complex Regulate MRNA Metabolism in Yeast written by Arnob Dutta and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book RNA Binding Proteins written by Kathryn Sandberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA binding proteins are an exciting area of research in gene regulation. A multitude of RNA-protein interactions are used to regulate gene expression including pre-mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, editing, transport, cytoplasmic targeting, translation and mRNA turnover. In addition to these post-transcriptional processes, RNA-protein interactions play a key role in transcription as illustrated by the life cycle of retroviruses. Unlike DNA, the structure of RNA is highly variable and conformationally flexible, thus creating a number of unique binding sites and the potential for complex regulation by RNA binding proteins. Although there is a wide range of topics included in this volume, general themes have been repeated, highlighting the overall integrative nature of RNA binding proteins. The chapters have been separated into three different sections: Translational Control; mRNA Metabolism; and Hormonal and Homeostatic Regulation. The chapters of this volume were written with the seasoned investigator and student in mind. Summaries of key concepts are reviewed within each chapter as well as guiding questions that can be used to stimulate class discussions. The Editors of this volume hope that this compendium educates, enthralls, and stimulates the readers to look to the future possibilities in this rapidly evolving field.
Download or read book Premature Nonsense Codons Regulate Nuclear MRNA Metabolism written by Mark S. Carter and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prokaryotic Metabolism and Physiology written by Byung Hong Kim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensive and up-to-date review of key metabolic processes in bacteria and archaea and how metabolism is regulated under various conditions.
Download or read book Control of Messenger RNA Stability written by Joel G. Belasco and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive review of mRNA stability and its implications for regulation of gene expression. Written by experts in the field, Control of Messenger RNA Stability serves both as a reference for specialists in regulation of mRNA stability and as a general introduction for a broader community of scientists. - Provides perspectives from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems - Offers a timely, comprehensive review of mRNA degradation, its regulation, and its significance in the control of gene expression - Discusses the mechanisms, RNA structural determinants, and cellular factors that control mRNA degradation - Evaluates experimental procedures for studying mRNA degradation
Download or read book Metabolic Regulation written by Henry J. Vogel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metabolic Pathways, Third Edition, Volume V: Metabolic Regulation presents the regulation of metabolism in terms of the control of protein synthesis. This book discusses the significance of the control of metabolism in regard to the remarkable mechanisms involved and to the provision of an effective conceptual framework for appreciating the workings of the cell. Organized into 15 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the numerous and diversified activities of a living cell. This text then examines the ability of living organisms to regulate the storage and mobilization of metabolizable energy. Other chapters consider the cytochrome system that represents the final common path of oxidation and coupled phosphorylation in the eukaryotic cell. This book discusses as well the profound changes that cell metabolism undergoes during differentiation. The final chapter deals with the chemical and genetic bases of the induction response in Gram-positive bacteria. This book is a valuable resource for biologists and physicians.
Download or read book ZFP36 Mediated MRNA Decay Regulates Metabolism Downstream of Growth Factor Signaling written by Andrew Charles Cicchetto and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellular metabolism is tightly regulated by growth factor signaling, which promotes metabolic rewiring to support growth and proliferation. While growth factor-induced transcriptional and post-translational modes of metabolic regulation have been well-defined, whether post-transcriptional mechanisms impacting mRNA stability regulate this process is less clear. Here, we present the ZFP36/L1/L2 family of RNA-binding proteins and mRNA decay factors as key drivers of metabolic regulation downstream of acute growth factor signaling. We quantitatively catalogue metabolic enzyme and nutrient transporter mRNAs directly bound by ZFP36 following growth factor stimulation - many of which encode rate-limiting steps in metabolic pathways. Further, we show that ZFP36 directly promotes the mRNA decay of Enolase 2 (Eno2), altering Eno2 protein expression and enzymatic activity, and provide evidence of a ZFP36/Eno2 axis during VEGF-stimulated developmental retinal angiogenesis. Thus, ZFP36-mediated mRNA decay serves as an important mode of metabolic regulation downstream of growth factor signaling within dynamic cell and tissue states.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Condition Specific Regulation of MRNA Stability by Puf Proteins written by Joseph Russo (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA binding proteins regulate mRNA decay and translation, two key steps in the control of gene expression in cells. Controlling mRNA metabolism allows cells to respond rapidly to altering conditions by utilizing already available mRNA, bypassing the wait for newly transcribed mRNA. The Puf family of RNA binding proteins bind specific mRNAs through interactions with sequences located in the 3’ untranslated region (UTR). Puf proteins are conserved throughout eukaryotes and have diverse roles including stem cell maintenance, neuronal development, stress response and organelle biogenesis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Puf proteins are conditionally regulated in response to the cells metabolic. Specifically, in fermentative growth Puf3p is active to stimulate decay of target mRNAs; however, during respiration, Puf3p is inactive, resulting in mRNA stabilization. Presented herein, I show that in addition to Puf3p, the activity of Puf1p, Puf4p and Puf5p in yeast is conditionally regulated. I establish YHB1 mRNA as a bona fide target of Puf1p, Puf4p and Puf5p regulation through one unique binding site located in its 3’ UTR. These Puf proteins regulate YHB1 mRNA in response to nitric oxide stress. This data supports a model for Puf regulation of target mRNAs where transcripts are rapidly degraded in the absence of stress; however, in stress conditions transcripts are stabilized allowing increased protein production. I also show that Puf activity is regulated by two different mechanisms. First, the RNA binding activity of Puf5p is reduced during inactivating conditions; however, Puf1p, Puf3p and Puf4p bind target mRNAs regardless of stress. Puf proteins interact with decay machinery to facilitate mRNA degradation. The Puf3p interaction with Pop2p is disrupted in inactivating conditions and Pop2p is required to bridge interactions with other decay factors, thus preventing Puf3p stimulated decay. In a third project, I evaluated Puf proteins in humans, also called Pum proteins. I sought to identify natural targets of Pum regulation in humans. Utilizing bioinformatic and experimental approaches, I identified SNCA, LRRK2 and SAT1 as bona fide targets of Pum regulation. These mRNAs are all involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The implication of this discovery may provide a novel therapeutic approach to PD in the future.
Download or read book Functional Metabolism written by Kenneth B. Storey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-02-25 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional Metabolism of Cells is the first comprehensive survey of metabolism, offering an in-depth examination of metabolism and regulation of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. It provides a basic background on metabolic regulation and adaptation as well as the chemical logic of metabolism, and covers the interrelationship of metabolism to life processes of the whole organism. The book lays out a structured approach to the metabolic basis of disease, including discussion of the normal pathways of metabolism, altered pathways leading to disease, and use of molecular genetics in diagnosis and treatment of disease. It also takes a unique comparative approach in which human metabolism is a reference for metabolism in microorganisms and plant design, and presents novel coverage of development and aging, and human health and animal adaptation. The final chapter reviews the past and future promise of new genetic approaches to treatment and bioinformatics. This, the most exhaustive treatment of metabolism currently available, is a useful text for advanced undergraduates and graduates in biochemistry, cell/molecular biology, and biomedicine, as well as biochemistry instructors and investigators in related fields.
