Download or read book Reflectivity of Multilayer Coatings for the Soft X ray Region written by E. Cojocaru and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soft X ray Optics written by Eberhard Spiller and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text describes optics mainly in the 10 to 500 angstrom wavelength region. These wavelengths are 50 to 100 times shorter than those for visible light and 50 to 100 times longer than the wavelengths of medical x rays or x-ray diffraction from natural crystals. There have been substantial advances during the last 20 years, which one can see as an extension of optical technology to shorter wavelengths or as an extension of x-ray diffraction to longer wavelengths. Artificial diffracting structures like zone plates and multilayer mirrors are replacing the natural crystals of x-ray diffraction. Some of these structures can now be fabricated to have diffraction-limited resolution. The new possibilities are described in a simple, tutorial way.
Download or read book Low Radiation Damage Multilayer Coatings for the Soft X Ray Region written by W. R. Hunter and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly reflecting multilayer coatings (MLC), used to form resonant cavities for some x-ray lasers(l) in which double- and triple-pass amplification occurs, can be destroyed by strong electric fields generated at the multilayer boundaries by intense soft x-ray radiation, rather than plasma debris from which the coatings are shielded. Any multilayer coating used in high field strength applications, FEL, x-ray projection lithography, etc., are subject to such damage. Electric field strengths can be reduced at the boundaries in MLCs by altering slightly the layer thicknesses of the final, or topmost, layers. Calculations are presented showing reduced field strengths caused by altering final layer thicknesses. The optical constants used in the calculations were obtained from Henke et al(2) and Palik(3) so similar computations may vary depending on the actual n, k values used but the basic concepts discussed herein are independent of the optical constants.
Download or read book Multilayer Optics for Advanced X ray Applications written by Natale M. Ceglio and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soft X Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation written by David Attwood and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed, comprehensive book describes the fundamental properties of soft X-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation and discusses their applications in a wide variety of fields, including EUV lithography for semiconductor chip manufacture and soft X-ray biomicroscopy. The author begins by presenting the relevant basic principles such as radiation and scattering, wave propagation, diffraction, and coherence. He then goes on to examine a broad range of phenomena and applications. The topics covered include spectromicroscopy, EUV astronomy, synchrotron radiation, and soft X-ray lasers. The author also provides a wealth of useful reference material such as electron binding energies, characteristic emission lines and photo-absorption cross-sections. The book will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the life sciences. It will also appeal to practising engineers involved in semiconductor fabrication and materials science.
Download or read book Multilayer Films with Sharp Stable Interfaces for Use in EUV and Soft X ray Application written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reflectivity and thermal stability of Mo/Si (molybdenum/silicon) multilayer films, used in soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet region, is enhanced by deposition of a thin layer of boron carbide (e.g., B.sub. 4 C) between alternating layers of Mo and Si. The invention is useful for reflective coatings for soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet optics, multilayer for masks, coatings for other wavelengths and multilayers for masks that are more thermally stable than pure Mo/Si multilayers.
Download or read book Optical Technologies for Extreme Ultraviolet and Soft X ray Coherent Sources written by Federico Canova and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-17 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book reviews the most recent achievements in optical technologies for XUV and X-ray coherent sources. Particular attention is given to free-electron-laser facilities, but also to other sources available at present, such as synchrotrons, high-order laser harmonics and X-ray lasers. The optical technologies relevant to each type of source are discussed. In addition, the main technologies used for photon handling and conditioning, namely multilayer mirrors, adaptive optics, crystals and gratings are explained. Experiments using coherent light received during the last decades a lot of attention for the X-ray regime. Strong efforts were taken for the realization of almost fully coherent sources, e.g. the free-electron lasers, both as independent sources in the femtosecond and attosecond regimes and as seeding sources for free-electron-lasers and X-ray gas lasers. In parallel to the development of sources, optical technologies for photon handling and conditioning of such coherent and intense X-ray beams advanced. New problems were faced for the realization of optical components of beamlines demanding to manage coherent X-ray photons, e.g. the preservation of coherence and time structure of ultra short pulses.
Download or read book Optimization Algorithms written by Ozgur Baskan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-09-21 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers state-of-the-art optimization methods and their applications in wide range especially for researchers and practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge in this field. It consists of 13 chapters divided into two parts: (I) Engineering applications, which presents some new applications of different methods, and (II) Applications in various areas, where recent contributions of state-of-the-art optimization methods to diverse fields are presented.
Download or read book Solid State Physics written by S. L. Chaplot and published by Alpha Science Int'l Ltd.. This book was released on 2002 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the proceedings of the 44th Department of Atomic Engineering (DAE) Solid State Physics Symposium.With contributions of papers from institutions from around the world. Contains 316 research articles, including 28 invited papers, on a wide range of topics of current interest in solid state physics comprising the following categories: Phase Transitions Phonons Soft-condensed Matter Electronic Structure Novel Materials Superconductivity Experimental Techniques and Instrumentation Magnetism Liquids, Glasses and Amorphous Systems Transport Properties Relaxation Studies Semiconductor Physics Surface Science Key Features: Recent developments in Synchrotron Research Photo-electron Spectroscopy Newly emerging superconductors
Download or read book X Ray Spectrometry written by Kouichi Tsuji and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-08-19 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-Ray Spectrometry: Recent Technological Advances covers the latest developments and areas of research in the methodological and instrumental aspects of x-ray spectrometry. Includes the most advanced and high-tech aspects of the chemical analysis techniques based on x-rays Introduces new types of X-ray optics and X-ray detectors, covering history, principles, characteristics and future trends Written by internationally recognized scientists, all of whom are eminent specialists in each of the sub-fields Sections include: X-Ray Sources, X-Ray Optics, X-Ray Detectors, Special Configurations, New Computerization Methods, New Applications This valuable book will assist all analytical chemists and other users of x-ray spectrometry to fully exploit the capabilities of this set of powerful analytical tools and to further expand applications in such fields as material and environmental sciences, medicine, toxicology, forensics, archaeometry and many others.
Download or read book Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization of Nanomaterials written by Challa S.S.R. Kumar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-09 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Third volume of a 40volume series on nanoscience and nanotechnology, edited by the renowned scientist Challa S.S.R. Kumar. This handbook gives a comprehensive overview about Transmission electron microscopy characterization of nanomaterials. Modern applications and state-of-the-art techniques are covered and make this volume an essential reading for research scientists in academia and industry.
Download or read book Optical Thin Films and Coatings written by Angela Piegari and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-08-31 with total page 869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical coatings, including mirrors, anti-reflection coatings, beam splitters, and filters, are an integral part of most modern optical systems. Optical thin films and coatings provides an overview of thin film materials, the properties, design and manufacture of optical coatings and their use across a variety of application areas.Part one explores the design and manufacture of optical coatings. Part two highlights unconventional features of optical thin films including scattering properties of random structures in thin films, optical properties of thin film materials at short wavelengths, thermal properties and colour effects. Part three focusses on novel materials for optical thin films and coatings and includes chapters on organic optical coatings, surface multiplasmonics and optical thin films containing quantum dots. Finally, applications of optical coatings, including laser components, solar cells, displays and lighting, and architectural and automotive glass, are reviewed in part four.Optical thin films and coatings is a technical resource for researchers and engineers working with optical thin films and coatings, professionals in the security, automotive, space and other industries requiring an understanding of these topics, and academics interested in the field. - An overview of the materials, properties, design and manufacture of thin films - Special attention is given to the unconventional features and novel materials of optical thin films - Reviews applications of optical coatings including laser components, solar cells, glasing, displays and lighting
Download or read book Optical Interference Coatings written by Norbert Kaiser and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed to give a concise but complete overview of the field, this book features contributions written by leading experts in the various areas. Topics include design, materials, film growth, deposition including large area, characterization and monitoring, and mechanical stress.
Download or read book Physics of Solar and Stellar Coronae G S Vaiana Memorial Symposium written by Jeffrey L. Linsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The original plans for a meeting to celebrate the second centenary of the As tronomical Observatory of Palermo were for a celebration with a double character. The gathering was to have both a historical character, appropriate for a bicenten nial, and a technical character, to note and chronicle the new phase of the history of the Observatory, which has prospered in parallel with the development of this fairly recent topic in astronomical research, the physics of stellar and solar coronae. After the untimely death of the Observatory's Director, Giuseppe S. Vaiana (Pippo to his many friends), a number of colleagues and friends insisted that the celebration should nevertheless be held and should be dedicated to this farsighted scientist who stimulated the development of coronal physics from the early x-ray observations of the solar corona to the recognition of coronae as an observable feature of nearly all stars. This memorial dedication did not change the character of the meeting, which was held in Palermo from 22 to 26 June 1992; as his contributions are very alive in the papers presented at the meeting and collected here, Pippo Vaiana has certainly achieved his place in the history of Astronomy.
Download or read book Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reflectance Optical Properties and Stability of Molybdenum strontium and Molybdenum yttrium Multilayer Mirrors written by Benjawan Kjornrattanawanich and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Astrophysical Techniques Sixth Edition written by C.R. Kitchin and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2013-11-18 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long used in undergraduate and introductory graduate courses, Astrophysical Techniques, Sixth Edition provides a comprehensive account of the instruments, detectors, and techniques employed in astronomy and astrophysics. Emphasizing the underlying unity of all astronomical observations, this popular text provides a coherent state-of-the-art account of the instruments and techniques used in current astronomy and astrophysics. As in earlier editions, the author aims to reduce the trend towards fragmentation of astronomical studies. The underlying unity of all of astronomical observation is emphasized by the layout of the book: the pattern of detection → imaging → ancillary techniques has been adopted so that one stage of an observation is encountered together with the similar stages required for all other information carriers. The book is written in a very accessible manner, and most of the mathematics is accessible to those who have attended a mathematics course in their final years at school. Nevertheless, the treatment of the topics in general is at a sufficiently high level to be of use to those professionals seeking technical information in areas of astronomy with which they might not be completely familiar.
