Download or read book Reflections on Environmental Responsibility With an Emphasis on the Nord Stream Pipeline in the Baltic Sea Area written by Seita Romppanen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The article examines environmental responsibility and liability and discusses the issue of environmental damage in the context of the Nord Stream gas pipeline case on the Baltic Sea. More specifically, the goal is to analyze who would be held liable for the damage, how this liability would be established, and what would be the criteria to be applied to this particular case. To answer these questions, the article first lays down the general applicable legal framework. Secondly, the article systemizes and analyzes the relevant responsibility and liability instruments. The relevant instruments for the theme are the UNCLOS, certain civil liability instruments together with the ILC work on state responsibility and liability. The relevant instruments are analyzed from the point of view of their usefulness and relevance in regard to the research questions set for the article.

Download or read book Energy and the Environment in the Baltic Sea Region written by Alex P. Brauer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to their geographic proximity and shared natural resources, cooperation on energy-related and environmental issues is particularly important for the nine countries surrounding the Baltic Sea. Currently, two projects are underway that have placed the level of cooperation within the region under the microscope: the environmental management work undertaken by the Helsinki Commission for the Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (HELCOM) and the Nord Stream pipeline project, which, when completed, will provide the direct transportation of natural gas from Russia to Germany via the Baltic seafloor. Although both have been declared inclusive and decidedly Baltic ventures by some regional actors, reception of the cooperative efforts amongst the littoral Baltic countries has been markedly different. This study addresses these varying reactions by examining Estonia's participation in and subsequent perspectives on the HELCOM and Nord Stream projects. A theoretical framework grounded in the discipline of international relations is utilized to analyze Estonia's role in the projects and its position as a small state in a regional context. The primary areas of focus are how historical experiences and current levels of cooperation in the two endeavors have shaped Estonia's responses and, ultimately, its 'realist' perception of global politics. The study concludes that Estonia appears to have more substantive participation in HELCOM than in the Nord Stream project because of the tendency of states to securitize and, thus, prioritize the energy policy area over the environmental. Estonian foreign policy behavior, however, perpetuates the state-centric and power-centered policy processes that dominate the international political system. Due to their geographic proximity and shared natural resources, cooperation on energy-related and environmental issues is particularly important for the nine countries surrounding the Baltic Sea. Currently, two projects are underway that have placed the level of cooperation within the region under the microscope: the environmental management work undertaken by the Helsinki Commission for the Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (HELCOM) and the Nord Stream pipeline project, which, when completed, will provide the direct transportation of natural gas from Russia to Germany via the Baltic seafloor. Although both have been declared inclusive and decidedly Baltic ventures by some regional actors, reception of the cooperative efforts amongst the littoral Baltic countries has been markedly different. This study addresses these varying reactions by examining Estonia's participation in and subsequent perspectives on the HELCOM and Nord Stream projects. A theoretical framework grounded in the discipline of international relations is utilized to analyze Estonia's role in the projects and its position as a small state in a regional context. The primary areas of focus are how historical experiences and current levels of cooperation in the two endeavors have shaped Estonia's responses and, ultimately, its 'realist' perception of global politics. The study concludes that Estonia appears to have more substantive participation in HELCOM than in the Nord Stream project because of the tendency of states to securitize and, thus, prioritize the energy policy area over the environmental. Estonian foreign policy behavior, however, perpetuates the state-centric and power-centered policy processes that dominate the international political system.

Download or read book Marine Environmental Protection and Transboundary Pipeline Projects written by Alexander Lott and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nord Stream transboundary submarine pipeline, significant for its impact on the EU energy policy, has been a heavily debated issue in the Baltic Sea region during the past decade. This is partly due to the concerns over the effects that the pipeline might have on the Baltic Sea as a particularly sensitive large marine ecosystem. This manuscript focuses on the issue from the viewpoint of the UNCLOS legal framework and its related treaties. It thus illustrates some of the more polemical topics arising in modern law of the sea and environmental law, eg. limitations on the freedom to lay submarine pipelines, the scope and boundaries of marine scientific research, the obligation to consider alternatives in the course of an EIA. In broader terms, this manuscript presents an explanatory study of matters mostly related to sustainable development, the precautionary principle and the ecosystem approach.

Download or read book Governing a Common Sea written by Marko Joas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-16 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a very welcome volume, and it will reach a large audience and readership among those involved in these issues from a truly multidisciplinary perspective; in essence, a much needed book! Erik Bonsdorff, professor of marine biology at bo Akademi University, Finland This timely volume provides a thorough account of how the highly advanced industrial societies seek to govern and manage the Baltic Sea. The way they proceed, and the degree to which they succeed, provide valuable lessons for riparian states seeking to avoid tragedies of their commons. Lennart J. Lundqvist, professor of environmental policy and administration, University of Gothenburg, Sweden How is a natural common pool resource such as a sea, which is shared by several countries, best governed? The potential for international conflict is immense, as each country may have different agendas with regard to issues such as exploitation and environmental protection. This book uses a case study of the Baltic Sea Region to examine this complex problem. The sea itself has been highly vulnerable to pollution and recently the bordering nations have begun to change their mode of cooperation to tackle this issue by establishing several new forums to manage the sea. Administrative and political structures developed in the region are reviewed and shown to provide a model that could be applied to other seas and natural resource systems elsewhere in the world.

Download or read book Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea written by Michael Gilek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-21 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume presents a comprehensive and coherent interdisciplinary analysis of challenges and possibilities for sustainable governance of the Baltic Sea ecosystem by combining knowledge and approaches from natural and social sciences. Focusing on the Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM) and associated multi-level, multi-sector and multi-actor challenges, the book provides up-to-date descriptions and analyses of environmental governance structures and processes at the macro-regional Baltic Sea level. Organised in two parts, Part 1 presents in-depth case studies of environmental governance practices and challenges linked to five key environmental problems - eutrophication, chemical pollution, overfishing, oil discharges and invasive species. Part 2 analyses and compares governance challenges and opportunities across the five case studies, focusing on governance structures and EAM implementation, knowledge integration and science support, as well as stakeholder communication and participation. Based on these cross-case comparisons, this book also draws a set of general conclusions on possible ways of improving the governance of the Baltic Sea by promoting what are identified as vital functions of environmental governance: coordination, integration, interdisciplinarity, precaution, deliberation, communication and adaptability.

Download or read book Contemporary Environmentalism in the Baltic States written by David Galbreath and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the relationship between environmentalism and political transition in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Environmentalism was a strong force behind the nationalist movements preceding the independence of the Baltic States and the subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union. The contributors illustrate how the Baltic States face contemporary environmental challenges through transition, enlargement and integration into the European Union. This edited collection brings the reader through the political, economic and social changes of the post-Soviet Baltic States as a way of examining how transition influences environmentalism. Secondly, the book looks at how the enlargement of the European Union to encompass the Baltic States has influenced political and legal approaches to the environment. Finally, the contributors examine how regional and global environmental narratives have shaped contemporary environmentalism in the Baltic States. From ‘eco-nationalism’ to the world’s first ‘green’ prime minister, environmentalism continues to play an important role in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of Baltic Studies.

Download or read book Energy Environment and Natural Resources Management in the Baltic Sea Region written by Jes Fenger and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1993 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Neo Realism Meets Neo Liberalism Nord Stream and its Implications for EU Russia Energy Relations written by Ilya Levelev and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-08-08 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Politics - Region: Russia, grade: 2,0, Maastricht University, course: European Studies, language: English, abstract: The paper analyzes the Nord Stream pipeline and its influence on EU-Russia energy relations. As the paper uses the two theories of neo-realism and neo-liberalism to investigate the project, it examines the pipeline from two different viewpoints. In this sense, two main perspectives are outlined, namely Nordstream as a Pan-European project and Nordstream as a dividing factor for Europe. The aim of this twofold approach is not to find the ultimate truth concerning the pipeline but rather to reveal that such a project can be viewed completely different depending on the geopolitical and historical position of the observer. Therefore, this paper does not see the Nordstream project from the lens of one theoretical approach only, but rather uses the two IR theories complementary to establish a deeper understanding of the pipeline's geopolitics.

Download or read book Environmental science understanding protecting and managing the environment in the Baltic Sea region written by Lars Rydén and published by Baltic University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nord Stream s Challenge written by Ksenia Artemova and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Security Challenges in the Baltic States Ukraine and Belarus written by Musa Khan Jalalzai and published by Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are different perceptions in the west about Russian interference in the EU; some states see Russia as a friendly partner, and some view it as a hostile power, but, majority of states want to maintain friendly relations with Russia. These factors matter, and the relations with and perceptions of Russia certainly differ between various countries. It is noted that the US and NATO presence in Eastern Europe was a bigger challenge to the national security of Russian Federation, and that the US wanted to pressure Germany to undermine the Nord Stream-2 pipeline project. The construction of the controversial natural gas pipeline Nord Stream 2 has been delayed for months and completion is increasingly at risk after the US imposed sanctions on involved companies and threatened further steps. The pipeline under the Baltic Sea has been the subject of heated debate for years. The book focuses on the Security Challenges faced by the Baltic States, Ukraine and Belarus.

Download or read book Regional Environmental Governance and Avenues for the Ecosystem Approach to management in the Baltic Sea Area written by Sara Söderström and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores the avenues for the ecosystem approach to management in the Baltic Sea Region. This region is one of the most contaminated water bodies in the world, although the first Regional Seas Convention was created here and theregion has a long history of cooperation and environmental protection. The current environmental governance arrangements are examined with specific focuson governance structures, cross-sectoral integration and ecological boundaries.The ecosystem approach to management as both a tool and vision of holistic management of natural resources is traced through the evolution of environmental governance, as well as its manifestation in contemporary environmental policies in the region. It is found that the major EU directives, as well as HELCOM polices, promote the ecosystem approach and that its presence has increased inrecent years; it is now the major guiding principle in European marine governance. However, the governance structures impede implementation indifferent ways. The environmental problem areas in the region all require different governance arrangements, thus obstructing a holistic approach. The environmental problems per se also affect each other, necessitating far-reaching sectoral integration and cross-border cooperation, which at present is the major obstacle regarding implementation. The contemporary trends combining solid regionalisation through HELCOM with increased Europeanisation and macro regionalisation by different EU initiatives offer some promise, but the cross sectoral impediments must be resolved if the ecosystem approach is to become apractical approach and not just a policy principle.

Download or read book The Baltic Sea Project written by Liisa Jääskeläinen and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 1995 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On cover: Secondary education. On title page: A secondary education for Europe

Download or read book The Baltic Sea Energy Security Complex written by Justina Budginaitė and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Nord Stream Pipeline as a High importance EU Energy Infrastructure Project and Its Features Correlated to the Espoo Convention Main Environmental Statements written by Sasha Hajzler and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrative Approaches Towards Sustainability in the Baltic Sea Region written by Walter Leal Filho and published by Peter Lang Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The challenges of sustainable development require that everybody, every institution and every nation work towards long-term strategies in order to move away from unsustainable practices. The same line of thinking applies to all nations around the Baltic Sea. A general challenge for the Baltic Sea region is to broaden the interest of people in discussions of national approaches supporting sustainability. Finding effective instruments to support the process of sustainable development in countries in transition with an emerging and largely inexperienced entrepreneur community and economically fragile, is as important as the promotion of long-term integrated sustainability strategies in countries which have well established democracies. The knowledge of the ongoing changes and the driving social, economic and ecological factors essential for the implementation of sustainable development in countries in transition must be broadened. A special need seen in the three Baltic countries - Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia - as elsewhere in the Baltic region, is the need to avoid development patterns of - business as usual and to gain access to information and to advancements in sustainable development both in Europe and worldwide. The Baltic countries now joining the EU have to build capacity, for example by establishing teams of young researches to draw up sustainable development strategies at the national level, which are consistent with European strategies. A bottom-up flow from the grass-root level is required to change the pattern of development strategies in the Baltic countries. The Conference - Integrative Approaches Towards Sustainability, whose experiences are documented inthis book, was held on 26-29 March, 2003."

Download or read book Environmental Management Handbook Second Edition Six Volume Set written by Sven Erik Jorgensen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-07-30 with total page 3829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together a wealth of knowledge, the Handbook of Environmental Management, Second Edition, gives a comprehensive overview of environmental problems, their sources, their assessment, and their solutions. Through in-depth entries, and a topical table of contents, readers will quickly find answers to questions about pollution and management issues. This six-volume set is a reimagining of the award-winning Encyclopedia of Environmental Management, published in 2013, and features insights from more than 500 contributors, all experts in their fields. The experience, evidence, methods, and models used in studying environmental management is presented here in six stand-alone volumes, arranged along the major environmental systems. Features of the new edition: The first handbook that demonstrates the key processes and provisions for enhancing environmental management. Addresses new and cutting -edge topics on ecosystem services, resilience, sustainability, food-energy-water nexus, socio-ecological systems and more. Provides an excellent basic knowledge on environmental systems, explains how these systems function and offers strategies on how to best manage them. Includes the most important problems and solutions facing environmental management today.