Download or read book Reducing Regulatory Barriers to Trade written by Ramesh Chaitoo and published by Canadian Museum of Civilization/Musee Canadien Des Civilisations. This book was released on 1998 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focuses on regulatory and standard-related barriers to trade, examining the European approach to reducing such barriers with a view to inform and perhaps improve Canadian initiatives. The study first reviews the program and institutions adopted by the European Union to remove regulatory barriers to trade, as well as basic principles related to trade barrier reduction. Harmonization of national regulations and standards, enforcement and dispute resolution procedures, and the effectiveness of European Commission policies to reduce regulatory barriers are discussed. The study then analyzes the relevance of European approaches to Canadian attempts to promote freer movement of products and services within Canada. Finally, actions are recommended to strengthen the trade liberalization process in Canada.
Download or read book The Role of Good Regulatory Practice in Reducing Technical Barriers to Trade written by Christopher Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Framework for Analyzing Technical Trade Barriers in Agricultural Markets written by Donna H. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Narrowing the Channel written by Robert Gulotty and published by Chicago International and Domestic Institutions. This book was released on 2020 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While large, multinational corporations have supported the removal of tariffs, behind the scenes these firms have fought for protection in the form of product regulations, including testing, labeling, and registration requirements. Unlike tariffs, these regulations can raise fixed costs, excluding smaller firms from the market and shifting profits toward global giants. Narrowing the Channel demonstrates that globalization and globalized firms can paradoxically hinder rather than foster economic cooperation as larger firms seek to protect their markets through often unnecessarily strict product regulations. To illustrate the problem of regulatory protectionism, Robert Gulotty offers an in-depth analysis of contemporary rulemaking in the United States and the European Union in the areas of health, safety, and environmental standards. He shows how large firms seek regulatory schemes that disproportionately disadvantage small firms. When multinationals are embedded in the local economy, governments too have an incentive to use these regulations to shift profits back home. Today, the key challenge to governing global trade is not how much trade occurs but who is allowed to participate, and this book shows that new rules will be needed to allow governments to widen the benefits of global commerce and avoid further inequality and market concentration.
Download or read book Introduction to Business written by Lawrence J. Gitman and published by . This book was released on 2024-09-16 with total page 1455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Business covers the scope and sequence of most introductory business courses. The book provides detailed explanations in the context of core themes such as customer satisfaction, ethics, entrepreneurship, global business, and managing change. Introduction to Business includes hundreds of current business examples from a range of industries and geographic locations, which feature a variety of individuals. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of business concepts, with attention to the knowledge and skills necessary for student success in this course and beyond. This is an adaptation of Introduction to Business by OpenStax. You can access the textbook as pdf for free at openstax.org. Minor editorial changes were made to ensure a better ebook reading experience. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Download or read book Competitiveness and Death written by Gary Winslett and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2021-03-09 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Competitiveness and Death examines the increase and reduction of regulatory barriers to trade across three industries: environmental, labor, and safety rules on automobiles, consumer protection regulations on meat, and intellectual property regulations on medicines. The fundamental negotiation in trade and regulatory policymaking occurs between businesses, activists, and government officials. Gary Winslett builds on new trade theories to explain when and why businesses are most likely to lobby governments to reduce these regulatory trade barriers. He argues that businesses prevail when they can connect with broader concerns about national economic competitiveness. He examines how activist organizations overcome collective action problems and defend regulatory differences, arguing that they succeed when they can link their desire for barriers with preventing needless death. Competitiveness and Death provides a political companion to new trade theories in economics, questioning cleavage-based explanations of trade politics, demonstrating the underappreciated importance of activists, suggesting the limits of globalization, providing in-depth examination of previously ignored trade negotiations, qualifying the California Effect (the shift toward stricter regulatory standards), and showing the relative rarity of regulations used as disguised protectionism.
Download or read book The Impact of Regulations on Agro Food Trade The Technical Barriers to Trade TBT and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures SPS Agreements written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2003-12-22 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines pertinent issues at the interface between domestic policy objectives, technical regulations and agricultural trade. It also discusses approaches to measuring the trade impacts of food safety and other technical measures.
Download or read book The U S EU Free Trade Agreement written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Barriers or Benefits written by David Vogel and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Government health, safety, and environmental standards have, in the past two decades, often created barriers to international trade. These non-tariff barriers have become the focus of trade disputes, negotiations, and agreements. This book explains the dynamics of conflict and cooperation over consumer and environmental regulation between the European Union and the United States. It explores the most celebrated cases of transatlantic conflicts over regulatory standards—the EU's beef hormone and legtrap bans, and America's fuel economy regulations—as well as the successes of the two partners in coordinating rules for chemical and drug testing, animal inspection, and the reduction of ozone-depleting chemicals. David Vogel argues that transatlantic regulatory conflict has less to do with protectionism and more to do with deeply rooted differences in cultural values and political priorities in Europe and the United States. These differences, he explains, constitute a fundamental and ongoing source of trade conflict between the EU and the U.S. The pattern of EU-U.S. regulatory relations has important implications, not only for the United States and Western Europe, but for the entire global economy. Whatever regulatory standards both adopt become de facto global standards. According to Vogel, the most important challenge for the U.S. and the EU is to promote and strengthen international regulatory cooperation. Each needs to pay more attention to their common interests in promoting international trade and improving global standards than to their often heated differences over particular consumer and environmental policies.
Download or read book Technical Barriers To Agricultural Trade written by Jimmye Hillman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-21 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professor Hillman's Technical Barriers to Agricultural Trade is both timely and important. It is timely because the GATT negotiations are proceeding slowly in the agricultural arena partly due to a lack of agreement on technical barriers to agricultural trade. The book is important since it highlights many of the nontariff barriers which exist and concludes that they are significant impediments to international agricultural trade.
Download or read book Downsizing the Federal Government written by Chris Edwards and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2005-11-25 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The federal government is running huge budget deficits, spending too much, and heading toward a financial crisis. Federal spending soared under President George W. Bush, and the costs of programs for the elderly are set to balloon in coming years. Hurricane Katrina has made the federal budget situation even more desperate. In Downsizing the Federal Government Cato Institute budget expert Chris Edwards provides policymakers with solutions to the growing federal budget mess. Edwards identifies more than 100 federal programs that should be terminated, transferred to the states, or privatized in order to balance the budget and save hundreds of billions of dollars. Edwards proposes a balanced reform package of cuts to entitlements, domestic programs, and excess defense spending. He argues that these cuts would not only eliminate the deficit, but also strengthen the economy, enlarge personal freedom, and leave a positive fiscal legacy for the next generation. Downsizing the Federal Government discusses the systematic causes of wasteful spending, and it overflows with examples of federal programs that are obsolete and mismanaged. The book examines the budget process and shows how policymakers act contrary to the interests of average Americans by favoring special interests.
Download or read book Technical Barriers to Trade written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WTO members have notified over 25,000 draft regulatory measures to the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee over the past 20 years, covering imports ranging from food to medical devices. Over 470 of these measures have undergone detailed scrutiny by WTO members in the TBT Committee. But only a handful of these issues have resulted in formal disputes, proving the effectiveness of the committee process. This brochure, produced to mark the WTO's 20th anniversary, looks into the TBT Agreement and the work of the TBT committee.
Download or read book Quantifying the Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade written by Keith Eugene Maskus and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reducing Administrative Barriers to Investment written by Scott H. Jacobs and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the recent activities of the Foreign Investment Advisory Service (a joint facility of the IFC and the World Bank) to help governments in developing and transition economies to identify and remove administrative barriers to investment. Lessons learned include the critical need for political will to implement reforms, leadership from center of government, and capacity to ensure sound implementation of legislative and regulatory reform over an extended period of time, including regular monitoring and evaluation.
Download or read book Horizontal Regulatory Barriers in International Trade written by Yuan Mei and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Domestic policies that regulate the horizontal dimensions of product differentiation can impede international trade and have become a major concern in contemporary trade negotiations. We estimate trade frictions associated with incompatible designs of electric plugs, a well-known example of a horizontal regulatory barrier. We find that fewer electronic devices are exported to destinations with incompatible electric plugs, and this effect operates through both the extensive (i.e., the number of trading firms) and the intensive (i.e., the average sales per firm) margins of exports. The regression results are further corroborated by an online survey of Chinese electronics exporters. In addition, we find that incompatible plugs reduce the average quality of affected electronic devices, providing evidence that the horizontal regulatory barrier can indirectly affect the vertical dimension of product differentiation. With a tractable trade model, we illustrate the mechanism through which horizontal regulatory barriers can influence international trade.
Download or read book 2011 Report on Technical Barriers to Trade written by Office of Office of the United States Trade Representative and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-03-28 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This year the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) publishes its second annual Report on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Report). This report was created to respond to the concerns of U.S. companies, farmers, ranchers and manufacturers, which increasingly encounter non-tariff trade barriers in the form of product standards, testing requirements, and other technical requirements as they seek to sell products and services around the world. As tariff barriers to industrial and agricultural trade have fallen, standards-related measures of this kind have emerged as a primary concern. Governments, market participants and other entities can use standards-related measures as an effective and efficient means of achieving legitimate commercial and policy objectives. But when standards-related measures are outdated, overly burdensome, discriminatory, or otherwise inappropriate, these measures can reduce competition, stifle innovation, and create unnecessary technical barriers to trade. These kinds of measures can pose a particular problem for SMEs, which often do not have the resources to address these problems on their own. USTR is committed to identifying and combating unwarranted technical barriers to U.S. exports, many of which are detailed in this report. USTR's efforts to prevent and remove foreign technical barriers serve the President's goal of doubling U.S. exports by the end of 2014 through the National Export Initiative. Since the last TBT Report was released, the United States has launched new initiatives to promote greater international cooperation among regulatory authorities, trade officials, and standards experts to prevent the emergence of unjustifiable barriers to U.S. exports. We have made progress, for example, in encouraging our trading partners to address unwarranted or burdensome technical regulations through the U.S.-EU High-Level Regulatory Cooperation Forum, the U.S.-Mexico High-Level Regulatory Cooperation Council, the U.S.-Canada Regulatory Cooperation Council, and other fora. We have also taken successful steps to eliminate or reduce specific foreign barriers to U.S. exports, such as Indonesias rules limiting U.S. poultry and meat imports and Mexicos nutrition labeling requirements that impeded exports of American pre-packaged foods, among others. This year, USTR will continue to work with other agencies of the U.S. Government, as well as interested stakeholders, to encourage U.S. trading partners to remove their unwarranted or overly burdensome technical barriers. As always, we will engage all available bilateral, regional, and multilateral contexts in our efforts to dismantle unjustifiable barriers to safe, high-quality U.S. industrial, consumer, and agricultural exports and strengthen the rules-based trading system. For example, in our capacity as host of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum in 2011, the United States has made cross-border regulatory cooperation and convergence a top priority for action. We look forward to making further progress on behalf of American manufacturers, workers, farmers, ranchers, and service providers, as well as families who depend on trade-supported American jobs.
Download or read book 2014 Report on Technical Barriers to Trade written by United States United States Trade Representative and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-03-28 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This year the USTR publishes its fifth annual Report on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Report). This report was created to respond to the concerns of U.S. companies, farmers, ranchers, and manufacturers, which increasingly encounter nontariff trade barriers in the form of product standards, testing requirements, and other technical requirements as they seek to sell products and services around the world. As tariff barriers to industrial and agricultural trade have fallen, some standards-related measures have emerged as a key concern. Governments, market participants, and other entities can use standards-related measures as an effective and efficient means of achieving legitimate commercial and policy objectives, such as protection of the environment, human health and safety. But when standards-related measures are outdated, overly burdensome, discriminatory, or otherwise inappropriate, these measures can reduce competition, stifle innovation, and create unnecessary technical barriers to trade. These kinds of measures can pose a particular problem for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which often do not have the resources to address these problems on their own. USTR is committed to identifying and combating unwarranted technical barriers to U.S. exports, many of which are detailed in this report. Since the last TBT Report was released, the United States has significantly advanced its efforts to resolve concerns with standards-related measures that act as unjustifiable barriers to trade and to prevent their emergence. USTR will continue its work to resolve and prevent standards-related trade concerns through new and existing cooperative initiatives in the World Trade Organization (WTO), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC), U.S. free trade agreements (FTAs), and other fora. In addition USTR will continue working to conclude on the negotiation of a modernized Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) chapter in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) that builds on and strengthens TBT disciplines contained in the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). In addition, in June 2013, President Obama and European Union (EU) leaders launched negotiations on a comprehensive trade and investment agreement, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP). As conveyed in the February 2013 United States-European Union High Level Working Group on Jobs and Growth (HLWG) Final Report, the United States and the EU are committed to working together to open markets in goods, services and investment, reduce nontariff barriers, and address global trade issues of common concern. Both parties seek to build on the horizontal disciplines of the WTO TBT Agreement, establish ongoing mechanisms for improved dialogue and cooperation for addressing bilateral technical barriers to trade (TBT) issues, and pursue opportunities for greater regulatory compatibility with the objective of reducing unnecessary costs stemming from regulatory differences in specific sectors. Again in 2014, USTR will engage vigorously with other agencies of the U.S. Government, as well as interested stakeholders, to press for tangible progress by U.S. trading partners in removing unwarranted or overly burdensome technical barriers. We will fully utilize our toolkit of bilateral, regional and multilateral agreements and mechanisms in order to dismantle unjustifiable barriers to safe, high quality U.S. industrial, consumer, and agricultural exports and strengthen the rules-based trading system. Recognizing that U.S. economic and employment recovery and growth continue to rely importantly on the strength of U.S. exports of goods, services, and agricultural products; we will be redoubling our efforts to ensure that the technical barriers that inhibit those exports are steadily diminished.
