Download or read book Reducing Labor Redundancy in State owned Enterprises written by Jan Svejnar and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The severity of labor redundancy has been underestimated because of difficulties in conceptualizing the issue and finding politically acceptable solutions. Schemes to reduce labor redundancy can decrease the wage bill significantly and allow fairly high compensation to the employees laid off yet still allow the government to recoup its costs in a relatively short time.
Download or read book Reducing Labor Redundancy in State owned Enterprises written by Jan Svejnar and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book State Ownership and Labor Redundancy written by Patrick Belser and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To predict the number of workers who will lose their jobs if state-owned enterprises are privatized or restructured, several approaches have been taken: drawing on international experience, accepting estimates from current directors of state enterprises, and inferring the number of redundancies from ad hoc indicators of profitability, productivity, or labor cost. All three approaches may be irrelevant and inferior to systematically comparing employment levels across similar enterprises that differ in the share of capital owned by the state.
Download or read book State Ownership and Labor Redundancy written by Patrick Belser and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To predict the number of workers who will lose their jobs if state-owned enterprises are privatized or restructured, several approaches have been taken: drawing on international experience, accepting estimates from current directors of state enterprises, and inferring the number of redundancies from ad hoc indicators of profitability, productivity, or labor cost. All three approaches may be irrelevant and inferior to systematically comparing employment levels across similar enterprises that differ in the share of capital owned by the state.Privatizing or restructuring state-owned enterprises may lead to massive layoffs, but the number of redundant workers is usually unknown beforehand. Belser and Rama estimate labor redundancy by comparing employment levels across enterprises with different degrees of state ownership.In their model, state enterprises are a hybrid between labor-managed enterprises and profit-maximizing enterprises, with the profit motive becoming less prominent as the state share of capital increases. This model leads to an employment equation that is estimated using an enterprise database from Vietnam.In this database, constructed especially for this paper, roughly a third of the enterprises are fully state-owned, a third are fully private, and a third are joint ventures between the state and the private sector. The employment equations control for sector activity, region, and the enterprise's age, among other variables.The results suggest that if the state share of capital were brought down to zero, roughly half of the workers in the corresponding enterprises would be redundant. This is more than 10 times the estimate by the current enterprise directors.The results also show a wide dispersion of redundancy across sectors of activity.There is only a weak correlation between estimated labor redundancy and 12 ad hoc indicators of profitability, productivity, and labor cost. But the correlation between most ad hoc indicators also is weak, suggesting that these indicators are not reliable tools for identifying the most overstaffed enterprises.This paper - a product of Public Service Delivery, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand labor issues in public sector reform. The study was supported by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project quot;Public Sector Downsizing, Phase IIquot; (RPO 683-67). It was also supported by the Vietnam Country Office, East Asia and Pacific Region.
Download or read book Redundancies in Chinese State Enterprises written by Jackie Sheehan and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article examines how the problem of surplus labor isbeing dealt with in some of China?s state-owned enterprises. Primarily using interview data from the period 1995-1997, as well as published sources, the article looks at the main methods employed by large state-owned enterprises to reduce the level of surplus labor in their workforce. It also considers how smaller state-owned enterprises are coping in an era where mergers, closures, and bankruptcies are becoming much more common as a means of dealing with loss-making firms, resulting in widespread redundancies in the state-owned enterpriseworkforce. The article illustrates that the potential political repercussions of job losses, as well as direct intervention by local authorities, continue to hinder the freedom of enterprise management to adjust employment levels in the interests of efficiency and productivity. The article also notes the importance of how decisions about downsizing and redundancy are communicated and justified to employees if resistance and social instability are to be minimized. The employment treatment of production workers will be considered separately from that of cadres, since these two groups are subject to different employment regulations and political constraints.
Download or read book Labor Redundancies and Privatization written by Sunita Kikeri and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When state-owned enterprises preparing for privatization have very high levels of redundant workers and when social safety nets and redundancy provisions in labor laws are inadequate or lacking, the political and social implications of layoffs mean that the government should be involved in the design and funding of special programs to deal with unemployment and labor unrest. This note reviews the main elements of such programs severance and retirement benefits, retraining and redeployment support, employee share ownership schemes, and importantly, mechanisms to ensure labor consultation and participation. In many countries these programs need to go hand-in-hand with reforms to expand private labor markets: removing obstacles to job creation, ending restrictions on hiring and firing, and eliminating taxes that raise the cost of labor.
Download or read book When the Bureaucrats Move Out of Business written by Ishac Diwan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reformers of China's state enterprises should realize that more could be realized from capital transfer than is being gained from labor retrenchment. And more efficient capital allocation, by reducing the pressure on labor, would bring larger gains at a lower social cost. Chen and Diwan estimate the costs and benefits of labor retrenchment in state-owned industrial enterprises in China. Their results indicate the prevalence of low and stagnant labor productivity, low capital productivity, and excessively high wages in the state sector for the period reviewed (1994-97).The private sector exhibited consistently greater productivity. The authors' most striking finding: A greater gain could be realized from capital transfer than is being gained from labor retrenchment. Their simulation results for 1996 estimate that 43 percent of the workers in state enterprises and 70 percent of the capital are redundant. By itself, a transfer of labor from the public to the private sector at the current magnitude (20 percent of the labor force) would secure only 2 percent gains in output. A transfer of 10 percent of both capital and labor would achieve a greater efficiency gain than transferring the full 43 percent of redundant workers. This is partly because the private sector uses capital more efficiently than the public sector and partly because it needs capital to hire workers transferred from the public sector.Their results suggest that reform in state enterprises should concentrate more on the efficiency of capital allocation, not just on labor retrenchment. More efficient capital allocation would reduce the pressure on labor and would bring larger gains at a lower social cost.This paper - a product of the Economic Policy and Poverty Reduction Division, World Bank Institute - is part of a larger effort in the institute to study the architecture of reform. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Download or read book China written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Foreign Labor Trends written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Contributions of Infrastructure to Economic Development written by Christine Kessides and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the linkages between infrastructure and economic development based on both formal empirical research and informal case studies. The main thesis is that economic benefits result from investments in infrastructure only to the extent that they generate a sustainable flow of services valued by consumers. Thus, an analysis of infrastructures' contributions to growth must look at the impacts of services as actually perceived, not at indirect indicators that measure only aggregate provision of infrastructure capital. The paper notes that macro and industry level research , although having its limitations, suggest a positive and statistically significant relationship between infrastructure and economic output. However the conclusions derived from this research (most of which derives from developed countries) provide little specific guidance for policy. To gain more practical insights about how infrastructure contributes to economic growth and to improved quality of life, and to understand the welfare costs of inadequate or unreliable infrastructure, it is necessary to look at microeconomic evidence. Particularly interesting illustrations of these relationships are to be found in developing countries where there is wide variance in the availability and quality of infrastructure.
Download or read book Ghana Country Assistance Review written by Robert Pritchard Armstrong and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assesses the progress of private sector development in low-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, from 1987 to the present. The book identifies causes of uneven performance and outlines the main elements of a strategy--led by the private sector-- for accelerated and shared growth to reduce poverty. Also available in French: (ISBN 0-8213-3550-2) Stock No. 13550.
Download or read book Policy Options for Reform of Chinese State owned Enterprises written by Harry G. Broadman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation World Bank Discussion Paper No. 335. Presents the proceedings of a high-level international symposium on Chinese state-owned enterprise reform held in Beijing, China, June 1995. This report includes five policy option papers presented by Chinese officials and one presented by the World Bank Group that makes recommendations for reform on the basis of the Group's international experience in this area.
Download or read book How Do National Policies Affect Long run Growth written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Labor Retrenchment and Redundancy Compensation in State Owned Enterprises written by Ariel Fiszbein and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Civil Service Reform in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Shahid Amjad Chaudhry and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papers was presented at the World Bank Conference on 'Civil service reform in Latin America and the Caribbean', held in 1993. The goal of the conference was to promote the flow of ideas among researchers and practitioners in the civil s
Download or read book Sustainable Transport written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This publication elaborates on how the specific characteristics of the different transport subsectors affect the potential for expanding the role of competitive markets. It defines the principal challenges currently faced by the transport sector as a whole as: (i) the completion of basic infrastructure networks and (ii) the provision of adequate maintenance for them. Future challenges may include: (i) increasing responsiveness to customer needs, (ii) adjusting to global trade patterns, and (iii) coping with rapid motorization. These challenges highlight the need to reform institutional and transport policy in order to support a better quality of life on a sustained basis. This book identifies some generally applicable principles and best practices as the foundation of a policy for more sustainable transport. Economic and financial sustainability requires that resources be used efficiently and that assets be maintained properly. Environmental and ecological sustainability requires that the external effects of transport be taken into account fully when public or private decisions are made that determine future development. Social sustainability requires that the benefits of improved transport reach all sections of the community. It is necessary to redefine the role of governments in the transport sector--the focus in transport policy must shift toward a market-based approach with the private sector taking on more of the responsibility for providing, operating, and financing transport services and infrastructure. The role of the government would therefore decline, but its importance as the enabler of competition and the custodian of environmental and social interests would increase. The World Bank Group's role will be to focus on institutional and policy reform; it can help governments fulfill their enabling and supervisory role in a freer transport market through more selective and focused technical assistance for building the capacity and skills needed by the public sector." -- Website.
