Download or read book Reducing Breast Cancer Risk with Drugs written by and published by Am Cncl on Science, Health. This book was released on with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Breast written by K. I. Bland and published by Saunders. This book was released on 2009 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering the most comprehensive, up-to-date information on the diagnosis and management of, and rehabilitation following, surgery for benign and malignant diseases of the breast, this surgical reference is now in a new edition available in both print and online for easy, convenient access to the absolute latest advances.
Download or read book Medication Use for the Risk Reduction of Primary Breast Cancer in Women written by Heidi D. Nelson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND: Medications to reduce breast cancer risk are an effective prevention intervention for women at increased risk, although medications also cause adverse effects. PURPOSE: To update the 2013 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) systematic review on the use of medications to reduce the risk of primary breast cancer. DATA SOURCES: Searches included the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, and MEDLINE (January 1, 2013 to February 1, 2019); and manual review of reference lists. Studies published before 2013 were identified from prior systematic reviews for the USPSTF. STUDY SELECTION: Discriminatory accuracy studies of breast cancer risk assessment methods; double-blind, placebo-controlled or head-to-head randomized controlled trials (RCT) of tamoxifen, raloxifene, and aromatase inhibitors for primary prevention of breast cancer that enrolled women without preexisting breast cancer; and RCTs and observational studies of harms of medications. DATA EXTRACTION: One investigator abstracted data on study methods; setting; population characteristics; eligibility criteria; interventions; numbers enrolled and lost to followup; method of outcome ascertainment; and results for each outcome and a second investigator checked abstractions for accuracy. Two investigators independently assessed study quality using methods developed by the USPSTF. DATA SYNTHESIS (RESULTS): Eighteen risk models evaluated in 25 studies had generally low discriminatory accuracy in predicting the probability of breast cancer in an individual (c-statistics 0.55 to 0.65). Most models performed only slightly better than age alone as a risk predictor. No studies evaluated optimal ages or frequencies of risk assessment. In placebo-controlled trials, tamoxifen (risk ratio [RR] 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.84; 7 fewer cases per 1000 women over 5 years of use [95% CI, 4 to 12]; 4 trials), raloxifene (RR 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.80; 9 fewer cases [95% CI, 3 to 15]; 2 trials), and the aromatase inhibitors exemestane and anastrozole (RR 0.45; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.70; 16 fewer cases [95% CI, 8 to 24]; 2 trials) reduced invasive breast cancer. Risk for invasive breast cancer was higher for raloxifene than tamoxifen in the Study of Tamoxifen And Raloxifene (STAR) head-to-head trial (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.47) after long-term followup. Effects did not differ by age of initiation or duration of use (3 to 5 years), although these effects were not directly compared. Risk reduction persisted at least 8 years after discontinuation in tamoxifen trials with long-term followup. All medications reduced estrogen receptor positive, but not estrogen receptor negative invasive breast cancer; tamoxifen reduced noninvasive cancer in two trials; and breast-cancer specific and all-cause mortality were not reduced. In placebo-controlled trials, raloxifene (RR 0.61; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.73; 2 trials) reduced vertebral fractures; tamoxifen reduced nonvertebral fractures in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP P-1) trial (RR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.98); while the aromatase inhibitors had no effect on fractures. Tamoxifen and raloxifene had similar effects on reducing fractures at multiple vertebral and nonvertebral sites in the STAR head-to-head trial. In placebo-controlled trials, tamoxifen (RR 1.93; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.68; 4 trials) and raloxifene (RR 1.56; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.60; 2 trials) increased thromboembolic events, while aromatase inhibitors did not. Raloxifene caused fewer thromboembolic events (RR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.93) than tamoxifen in the STAR head-to-head trial. Tamoxifen, raloxifene, and aromatase inhibitors did not increase coronary heart disease events or strokes. In placebo-controlled trials, tamoxifen increased endometrial cancer (RR 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.41; 3 trials), while raloxifene and aromatase inhibitors did not. In the STAR head-to-head trial, raloxifene caused fewer cases of endometrial cancer (RR 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.83) and endometrial hyperplasia (RR 0.19; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.29), and fewer hysterectomies (RR 0.45; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.54) than tamoxifen. Tamoxifen increased cataracts (RR 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.48; 3 trials) and cataract surgery compared with placebo, while raloxifene and aromatase inhibitors did not. Risks for thromboembolic events and endometrial cancer with tamoxifen were higher for older compared with younger women and returned to normal after discontinuation. All medications caused adverse effects, such as vasomotor or musculoskeletal symptoms, that varied by medication. Risks for invasive cancer were generally reduced in all population subgroups evaluated based on menopausal status (pre and postmenopausal); family history of breast cancer; body mass index categories; modified Gail model risk categories; and age at menarche, parity, or age at first live birth, although results varied. Tamoxifen and anastrozole had larger effects in reducing invasive breast cancer in women with previous breast lesions (lobular carcinoma in situ, atypical ductal hyperplasia, or atypical lobular hyperplasia). LIMITATIONS: Trials were limited by clinical heterogeneity related to different medications, exposure durations, eligibility criteria, adherence, and ascertainment of outcomes. No trials compared timing and duration directly. Long-term followup data were lacking from most trials, and followup was particularly short for the aromatase inhibitors. Trials were not designed for subgroup comparisons and analysis of differences may be underpowered. CONCLUSIONS: Tamoxifen, raloxifene, and the aromatase inhibitors exemestane and anastrozole reduce invasive breast cancer in women without preexisting breast cancer, but also cause adverse effects that vary by medication. Tamoxifen and raloxifene increase thromboembolic events and tamoxifen increases endometrial cancer and cataracts. Identifying candidates for therapy is complicated by risk stratification methods that demonstrate low accuracy.
Download or read book Breast Cancer Prevention Study written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparative Effectiveness of Medications to Reduce Risk of Primary Breast Cancer in Women written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-05-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed noncutaneous cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death after lung cancer among women in the United States. In 2008, an estimated 182,460 cases of invasive breast cancer and 67,770 cases of in situ breast cancer were diagnosed, and 40,480 women died of breast cancer in the United States. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of three medications—tamoxifen citrate, raloxifene, and tibolone—to reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer in women without pre-existing cancer. This therapy is sometimes referred to as “chemoprevention” in the literature, although this is not a fully accurate representation of the intervention. Tamoxifen and raloxifene are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for this indication and tibolone is not. Raloxifene is approved for use by postmenopausal women only. Current clinical recommendations, including those from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued in 2002, support tamoxifen use for primary breast cancer prevention in women considered at high risk for breast cancer by the Gail model or other criteria and low risk for adverse events. However, use of risk-reducing medications for breast cancer is believed to be low in the United States. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of tamoxifen citrate, raloxifene, and tibolone to reduce the risk of primary breast cancer; assess the nature and magnitude of harms; and examine how benefits and harms vary by age, breast cancer risk status, and other factors. The review was originally entitled “Comparative Effectiveness of Chemotherapy Agents in the Prevention of Primary Breast Cancer in Women.” Peer review comments suggested that the terms “chemotherapy” and “prevention” were misnomers. The term “medications to reduce risk” is a better representation of the intervention and therefore, all references to “chemoprevention” are edited, including the key questions and report title. The review also examines issues related to clinical effectiveness, such as patient choice, concordance, adherence, and persistence of use, and evaluates methods to appropriately select patients for risk-reducing medications for clinical applications. The target population includes women without pre-existing breast cancer, noninvasive breast cancer, or precursor conditions who are not known carriers of breast cancer susceptibility mutations (BRCA1, BRCA2, or others). Key questions addressed include: Key Question 1. In adult women without pre-existing breast cancer, what is the comparative effectiveness of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) tamoxifen citrate and raloxifene, and the selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator (STEAR) tibolone, when used to reduce risk for primary breast cancer on improving short-term and long-term outcomes including invasive breast cancer, noninvasive breast cancer, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), breast cancer mortality, all-cause mortality, and osteoporotic fractures? Key Question 2. What is the evidence for harms of tamoxifen citrate, raloxifene, and tibolone when used to reduce risk for primary breast cancer? Key Question 3. How do outcomes for tamoxifen citrate, raloxifene, and tibolone when used for primary prevention of breast cancer vary by heterogeneity in subpopulations? Key Question 4. What is the evidence that harms or secondary potential benefits listed above affect treatment choice, concordance, adherence, and persistence to treatment with tamoxifen citrate, raloxifene, and tibolone when used for primary prevention of breast cancer? Key Question 5. What methods, such as clinical risk-assessment models, have been used to identify women who could benefit from medications to reduce risk of breast cancer?
Download or read book Diseases of the Breast written by Jay R. Harris and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 3432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, and now in full color throughout, the Fourth Edition of this definitive reference is a must for all clinicians who treat breast diseases. Leading experts summarize the current knowledge of breast diseases, including their clinical features, management, underlying biologies, and epidemiologies. In addition to complete coverage of malignant breast diseases, benign diseases are discussed in relation to subsequent breast cancer development. The book reviews all major clinical trials and summarizes the information they provide on early detection and management of breast cancer. Close attention is also given to the increasing importance of molecular biology and genetics in this field. This edition features more than thirty new contributors, fourteen new or completely rewritten chapters, and more clinically oriented chapters. A companion Website will offer the fully searchable text and an image bank. Also included with this edition is the Anatomical Chart Company's Breast Anatomy and Disorders Pocket Guide. This durable, portable folding pocket guide provides a visual and textual overview of breast anatomy, disorders, and breast self-examination. With a write-on, wipe-off laminated surface, this guide is perfect for the on-the-go practitioner to show patients, caregivers, and families.
Download or read book Keeping ABreast written by Khalid Mahmud and published by Strategic Book Publishing. This book was released on 2008-09 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mahmud provides clear strategies to reduce the risk of breast cancer--strategies that are not only based on the author's experience as an oncologist, but also on an extensive review of the scientific literature.
Download or read book Breast Cancer Prevention Guide written by Sandra Cabot MD and published by SCB International. This book was released on with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no other book like this that gives you a comprehensive plan to prevent breast cancer. This book is based on the latest research available from medical science. In this book you will learn the risk factors for breast cancer - and what you can do to greatly reduce your risk. This book also provides information for women who currently have breast cancer; how to improve the odds of survival and reduce the risk of recurrence. One in eight Australian and American women develop breast cancer during their lifetime. Most women feel powerless when it comes to preventing breast cancer; they believe genetics and bad luck determine who develops the disease. The truth is that only five to ten percent of breast cancer cases are due to genetics. In this book you will learn about the real risk factors for breast cancer and what you can do to greatly reduce your risk. In The Breast Cancer Prevention Guide you will learn: Mammograms are not the best method for detecting breast cancer in all women. Your body can make good estrogen and bad estrogen. Learn how to increase your bodyís production of beneficial estrogen. The importance of progesterone in protecting against breast cancer. The chemicals you come in contact with each day that are strongly implicated in causing breast cancer and how to reduce your exposure to them. Foods, herbs and nutrients with powerful anti cancer effects. Recipes and tips on how to incorporate powerful anti cancer foods into your diet.
Download or read book Breast Cancer Risk and the Politics of Prevention written by Jennifer Ruth Fosket and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemo Prevention Treatment for Women with High Risk to Develop Breast Cancer written by Barbara Viana Machado Feitosa and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies and clinical trials, such Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (BCPT), have shown a great reduction in the risk of developing invasive breast cancer among high-risk women by taking specific drugs, like tamoxifen and raloxifene. Despite the significant reduction in breast cancer risk, which is approximately the same risk reduction as seen with bilateral prophylactic mastectomies, many women are not currently opting to take the anti-estrogen medication for breast cancer prevention. The most common reasons why patients are not opting to take the preventive therapy are that patients are more likely to accept preventive services if recommended by their physician, but that doesn't happen since they are not sufficiently trained in risk/benefit analysis. Patients also can experience fear and an overestimation of the side effects. A common perception also afflicting patients is that preventive therapy will not substantially reduce risk of developing breast cancer. Finally, the risk of breast cancer is not associated with a clinical sign or symptom. Therefore, the goal of this project is to simulate and compare the intake of both medicines and then compare with placebo, when no medicine is taken. The result will be in terms of Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY), a generic measure of disease burden, including both the quality and the quantity of life lived. In the future, studies like this can support the development of an online decision making tool for patients' own evaluation on whether to take or not to take the medicine. It is expected that more knowledge and studies will eventually increase the awareness among female patients prescribing chemoprevention therapy.
Download or read book Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer written by Monica Castiglione and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-11 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adjuvant treatment is administered prior to or as follow up to surgical procedures for breast cancer. Proven success in using medical therapies allowing for breast conserving procedures or reducing risk of occurrence. Although there has been much progress towards a cure, including the introduction of new targeted therapies, metastasizing cancer remains highly incurable.
Download or read book The Breast Cancer Prevention Plan written by Edward J. Conley and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 2006 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outlines 20 steps women can take to lower breast cancer risk, and shatters generally-accepted myths about breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy. This book provides information on supplements that can bolster breast cancer suppression genes, antioxidants that can protect breasts from damage, and household chemicals that increase risk.
Download or read book Diet and Breast Cancer written by American Institute for Cancer Research and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth annual American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) conference on diet, nutrition and cancer was held at the L'Enfant Plaza Hotel in Washington, D. C. , September 2~3, 1993. In keeping with present concerns and in line with current trends, the theme was "Diet and Breast Cancer. " This proceedings volume is comprised of chapters from the platform presentations of the two day conference and abstracts from the poster session held at the end of the first day. Experimentally, there is sufficient evidence to support a relationship between dietary fat and the risk of breast cancer. A meta-analysis was provided by data from 114 experiments with over 10,000 animals, divided into groups fed ad libitum on diets with different levels or sources of fat, or different levels of energy restriction. This exercise suggested that linoleic acid was a major determinant of mammary tumor development but that other fatty acids also enhanced mammary tumor development in animals. However, as mentioned by several speakers, results from epidemiological studies often are conflicting, thus leading to confusion among both health professionals and the public. Surveys of specific populations which have migrated from countries with low breast cancer rates to those with higher rates are often some of the most compelling studies with respect to a high fat diet-breast cancer association. Nonetheless, various cohort and prospective studies, some quite large, did not appear to show a relationship between consumption of fat (any type) and breast cancer.
Download or read book Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment written by Lida A. Mina and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-02 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uniquely designed for oncologists and general practitioners, this book offers clinicians comprehensive guidelines when dealing with women at high risk for breast cancer. Written by experts in the field on the cutting edge of this research, the following questions will be answered for the reader by the end of the book: · Who is at elevated risk for breast cancer? · Who should be genetically screened? · When and how often should we obtain imaging? · What type of imaging is adequate? · What medications are available for prevention? · When is surgical intervention appropriate? · What lifestyle changes should be implemented to prevent this disaster? With one in eight women likely to contract breast cancer in her lifetime, the significance of identifying and managing the high-risk patient is evident. Breakthroughs in the identification of genes associated with breast carcinoma, particularly BRCA1 and 2, as well as other risk factors, influence not only how patients are screened, but also how they are treated. Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment provides a guided approach to prevention of breast cancer in women at elevated risk for this malignancy.
Download or read book Breasts The Owner s Manual written by Kristi Funk and published by Thomas Nelson. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A national bestseller! Breast cancer surgeon Dr. Kristi Funk offers a comprehensive and encouraging approach to breast care and breast cancer. Empower yourself with facts and strategies to understand your breasts, reduce your cancer risk, and open your eyes to interventions and treatments. Most women don’t want to hear about breast cancer unless they have it and need to make some decisions, but these days news about breast cancer—the number one killer of women ages twenty to fifty-nine—is everywhere. Chances are you know someone who has had it. But did you know that choices you make every day bring you closer to breast cancer—or move you farther away? That there are ways to reduce your risk factors? And that many of the things you’ve heard regarding the causes of breast cancer are flat-out false? Based on Dr. Kristi Funk’s experience as a board-certified breast cancer surgeon, she knows for a fact that women have the power to reduce breast cancer risk in dramatic ways. Many women believe that family history and genetics determine who gets breast cancer, but that’s not true for most people. In fact, 87 percent of women diagnosed with breast cancer do not have a single first-degree relative with breast cancer. This book will help you: Learn the breast-health basics that every woman should know Reduce your cancer risk and recurrence risk based on food choices and healthy lifestyle changes backed by rigorous scientific research Understand the controllable and uncontrollable risk factors for breast cancer Outline your medical choices if you're at elevated risk for or are already navigating life with breast cancer There have been few solid guidelines on how to improve your breast health, lower your risk of getting cancer, and make informed medical choices after treatment—until now. With her book available in 10 languages and in more than 30 countries, Dr. Funk is passionate about her mission of educating as many women as possible about what they can do to stop breast cancer before it starts. Praise for Breasts: The Owner’s Manual: “Dr. Funk writes Breasts: The Owner’s Manual just like she talks: with conviction, passion, and a laser focus on you.”—Dr. Mehmet Oz, Host of The Dr. Oz Show “Breasts: The Owner’s Manual will become an indispensable and valued guide for women looking to optimize health and minimize breast illness.”—Debu Tripathy, MD, Professor and Chair, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center “Breasts: The Owner’s Manual not only provides a clear path to breast health, but a road that leads straight to your healthiest self. As someone who has faced breast cancer, I suggest you follow it.”—Robin Roberts, Co-anchor, Good Morning America
Download or read book Stop Breast Cancer Before it Starts written by Samuel S. Epstein MD and published by Seven Stories Press. This book was released on 2014-02-18 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With pink buckets of Kentucky Fried Chicken, "I'm here for the boobs" t-shirts and coffee cups, and a pink ribbon celebrity dunk tank on The Ellen Degeneres Show, a Mardi Gras culture has arisen around a deadly disease over the last decade. The highly marketed pink ribbon, criticized for being tied to pharmaceutical interests, presents breast cancer as normal and pretty in pink. Yet, the statistics of breast cancer remain the same. Expert on the preventative causes of cancer, Dr. Samuel S. Epstein has been watching the debates around breast cancer for more than four decades. He asks, with all the talk about early detection, mammograms, improved treatment, and the race for the cure, why don't we ever hear about breast cancer prevention? Dr. Epstein knows the substantial research that has directly associated many factors of daily life with the development of the disease. The steps that can be taken to prevent it are often amazingly simple, but rarely make the headlines. Here, the evidence is presented and preventative choices are carefully and accesibly outlined. In presenting this critical information that all Americans should know about, Stop Breast Cancer Before it Starts empowers women to take charge of their health and make a real difference in the fight against cancer.
Download or read book Breast Cancer written by Liane Clorfene-Casten and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on the cause of breast cancer, revealing the corporate connection to pollution that results in cancer for one in eight women.
