Download or read book Reconstruction Accuracy of the Surface Detector Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reconstruction of extensive air showers (arrival direction, core position and energy estimation) by the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is discussed together with the corresponding accuracy. We determine the angular reconstruction accuracy as a function of the station multiplicity by using two different approaches. We discuss statistical and systematic uncertainties in the determination of the signal at 1000 m from the core, S(1000), which is used to estimate the primary energy.
Download or read book Calibration of the Surface Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ground array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consists of 1600 water Cherenkov detectors, deployed over 3000 km2. The remoteness and large number of detectors required a simple, automatic remote calibration procedure. The primary physics calibration is based on the average charge deposited by a vertical and central throughgoing muon, determined with good precision at the detector via a novel rate-based technique and later with higher precision via charge histograms. This value is named the vertical-equivalent muon (VEM). The VEM and the other parameters needed to maintain this calibration over the full energy range and to assess the quality of the detector are measured every minute. This allows an accurate determination of the energy deposited in each detector when an atmospheric cosmic ray shower occurs.
Download or read book The Exposure of the Hybrid Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The 'hybrid' detection mode combines the information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are used in both simulation and reconstruction.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stabilizing Energy Reconstructions of the Surface Detector at the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Ariel M. Bridgeman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Systematic and Statistical Uncertainties in Cosmic Ray Arrival Direction Reconstruction written by Philip Wahrlich and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) was constructed to study the highest energy cosmic rays (UHECR). A hybrid of ground array and fluorescence detector, it is the largest ultra-high energy cosmic ray detector to date. As such, the PAO detects UHECR in unprecedented amounts, offering unique insights into the nature and origin of these most extraordinarily energetic particles in the universe. In this thesis we improve the accuracy of arrival direction uncertainty estimates for reconstructed events. We validate these improved uncertainty estimators through a number of statistical techniques, involving both recorded and simulated data. Furthermore, we identify and correct a number of systematic errors which arise in algorithmic corner cases. We propose novel techniques for measuring the time synchronisation of each detector in the using recorded air shower data. We use these techniques to measure the synchronisation of each detector across the PAO surface detector and fluorescence detector. Finally, we perform a cursory search for a point source of UHECR at the Galactic centre. A slight over-density of events is measured from the direction of the Galactic centre, however this over-density is not substantial enough to indicate a departure from isotropy." -- page 12.
Download or read book Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Flux Above 100 PeV at the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Alan Coleman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic rays are particles and nuclei that arrive at Earth and act as messengers, informing us of the nature of celestial objects and events throughout the universe. Some of the highest energy events, with over a Joule of energy, are more energetic than what can be made on Earth in modern particle accelerators. In the ultra-highenergy range > 100 PeV, the arrival rate is low enough (1 per km 2 per year, or less) that there are still many outstanding questions concerning their origin and what types of particles they are. Further, their rarity presents an experimental challenge as direct detection of cosmic rays above this energy would require decades to centuries of data collection. Instead, the particles cascades created by ultra-high energy cosmic rays interacting with air molecules high in the atmosphere, called air showers, can be detected using observatories that cover 10-1000 km^2 . The Pierre Auger Observatory includes a number of methods to detect air showers and covers over 3000 km^2 in the Mendoza Province of Argentina. The Observatory includes a hybrid design by which air showers can be detected by fluorescence detectors while they are developing in the air as well as by an array of surface detectors on the ground. This thesis includes an extensive update to the reconstruction methods used to estimate the trajectory and energy of a cosmic ray using a hexagonal array of water Cherenkov detectors with 750 m spacing. The update was motivated by the inclusion of a new set of particle triggers that were installed in the local stationsthat make up the array. These triggers were designed to be insensitive to muons which make up the primary background for individual stations. Thus, they increase the sensitivity of the array to lower energy parts of air showers and lower energy showers in general.A major component of this work was the characterization of the arrays abilities to detect and sample air showers with the new trigger algorithms. On the level of individual stations, the triggering efficiency and distribution of signals was studied. On the array-level, the efficiency with which the 750 m array detects showers was also calculated for two sets of cosmic ray masses using a dedicated set of air shower simulations based on hadronic interaction models.The second component of this thesis was an improvement of Augers model of air shower development. Due to a lack of understanding of hadronic cross sections in the ultra-high energy regime, empirical models are used to characterize the temporal and spatial distribution of particles within the cascade. The distributionof signal as a function of distance from an air showers central axis was updated, benefiting from the 30% more sampling of the shower front by new-triggered stations. This model is particularly important as it is used to find the expected signal at a fixed reference distance from the axis to estimate the showers size, a quantity highly correlated to energy. These size estimations were then corrected for a number of systematic biases to produce a more precise energy estimator. Finally, the energy estimators were cross-calibrated with the nearly calorimetric energy measurements made by the fluorescence detectors. This allowed for the surface detector to directly estimate energies accurate to within E/E = 14-15%.Motivated by the parameter space where the array can detect showers with full efficiency, two semi-joint data sets were chosen which included energies and zenith angles (E > 10^17 eV, 40 ) and (E 10^17.3 eV,
Download or read book The Surface Detector System of the Pierre Auger Observatory written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to study cosmic rays with energies greater than 1019 eV. Two sites are envisaged for the observatory, one in each hemisphere, for complete sky coverage. The southern site of the Auger Observatory, now approaching completion in Mendoza, Argentina, features an array of 1600 water-Cherenkov surface detector stations covering 3000 km2, together with 24 fluorescence telescopes to record the air shower cascades produced by these particles. The two complementary detector techniques together with the large collecting area form a powerful instrument for these studies. Although construction is not yet complete, the Auger Observatory has been taking data stably since January 2004 and the first physics results are being published. In this paper we describe the design features and technical characteristics of the surface detector stations of the Pierre Auger Observatory.
Download or read book Instruments and Methods for the Radio Detection of High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Frank Schröder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic rays consist of elementary particles with enormous energy which originate from outside our solar system and constantly hit the Earth’s atmosphere. Where do these cosmic rays originate? How does nature accelerate the cosmic-ray particles to energies with orders of magnitude beyond the limits of manmade particle accelerators? What can we learn by measuring the interactions of the cosmic rays with the atmosphere? Digital radio-antenna arrays offer a promising, complementary measurement method for high-energy cosmic rays. This thesis reports on substantial advances in the development of the radio technique, which will be used to address these questions in future experiments.
Download or read book Calorimetry written by R. Wigmans and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive text on a class of instruments used by scientists to study the innermost structure of matter. The author, one of the world's leading experts in this field, describes the principles of operation, the factors determining performance, and the state-of-the-art in understanding and application of these instruments.
Download or read book Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging written by Claus Grupen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-08 with total page 1251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.
Download or read book IFAE 2005 written by Alessia Tricomi and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2005-10-20 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All papers in these proceedings are in English. IFAE is an annual conference on high energy physics. Distinguished scientists discuss relevant topics of particle physics, cosmic ray and neutrino physics, as well as detector and accelerator technologies. Topics included are: the standard model, SUSY and beyond the standard model, heavy flavor physics, neutrinos and cosmic rays, as well as detectors and new technologies.
Download or read book Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array Joint Cosmic Ray Detection and Cross Calibration written by Ryan James Lorek and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Pierre Auger Observatory Upgrade Preliminary Design Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pierre Auger Observatory has begun a major Upgrade of its already impressive capabilities, with an emphasis on improved mass composition determination using the surface detectors of the Observatory. Known as AugerPrime, the upgrade will include new 4 m2 plastic scintillator detectors on top of all 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors, updated and more flexible surface detector electronics, a large array of buried muon detectors, and an extended duty cycle for operations of the fluorescence detectors. This Preliminary Design Report was produced by the Collaboration in April 2015 as an internal document and information for funding agencies. It outlines the scientific and technical case for AugerPrime. We now release it to the public via the arXiv server. We invite you to review the large number of fundamental results already achieved by the Observatory and our plans for the future.
Download or read book Particle Physics and the Universe written by Claes Fransson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is generally felt in the cosmology and particle astrophysics community that we have just entered an era which later can only be looked back upon as a golden age. Thanks to the rapid technical development, with powerful new telescopes and other detectors taken into operation at an impressive rate, and the accompanying advancement of theoretical ideas, the picture of the past, present and future Universe is getting ever clearer. Some of the most exciting new findings and expected future developments are discussed in this invaluable volume. The topics covered include the physics of the early Universe and ultra-high energy processes. Emphasis is also put on neutrino physics and astrophysics, with the evidence for non-zero neutrino masses emerging from both solar neutrinos and atmospheric neutrinos covered in great depth. Another field with interesting new results concerns the basic cosmological parameters, where both traditional methods and the potential of new ones, like deep supernova surveys and acoustic peak detections in the cosmic microwave background, are thoroughly discussed. Various aspects of the dark matter problem, such as gravitational lensing estimates of galaxy masses, cluster evolution and hot cluster electron distortions of the thermal microwave background spectrum, are also discussed, as are particle physics candidates of dark matter and methods to detect them. Cosmic rays of matter and antimatter are included as a topic, and so is the problem of the enigmatic dark energy of the vacuum. Contents: Cosmology with Clusters of Galaxies (N A Bahcall); Radiochemical Solar Neutrino Experiments and Implications (T A Kirsten); Evidence for Neutrino Oscillation Observed in Super-Kamiokande (Y Totsuka); High Energy Cosmic Neutrinos (S W Barwick); Discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background (D T Wilkinson & P J E Peebles); Starlight in the Universe (P Madau); Acceleration of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (R D Blandford); Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe (M S Turner); Dark Matter Tomography (J A Tyson); Status of Models for Gamma Ray Bursts (M J Rees); and other papers. Readership: High energy physicists, astrophysicists and cosmologists.
Download or read book A complete method to obtain the energy spectrum of inclined cosnic rays detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory written by and published by Univ Santiago de Compostela. This book was released on with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thinking Observing And Mining The Universe Proceedings Of The International Conference written by Gennaro Miele and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004-12-07 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of review articles and more specialized papers on the main issues of early universe physics. Both theoretical and experimental fields of research are dealt with.
