Download or read book Reconfigurable Accelerators in the World of General purpose Computing written by Tobias Kenter and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy efficient Data Processing Using Accelerators written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy efficiency of computing systems has become crucial with the end of Dennardian scaling in which voltage scaling has stalled, thereby increasing power density with decreasing transistor size. One approach to improve energy efficiency is to use accelerators specialized for a certain set of computing problems. Unlike traditional general-purpose processors, accelerators avoid the overhead of fetching and scheduling instructions. This dissertation investigates architectural techniques to enable energy-efficient data processing using reconfigurable accelerators: customizing L1 data caches for computing systems integrated with reconfigurable accelerators, and proposing a near-memory processing architecture using reconfigurable accelerators. Data transfers between accelerators and memory are often a bottleneck for both performance and energy efficiency. This dissertation demonstrates the potential of a configurable L1 data cache to exploit diversity in cache requirements across hybrid applications that use accelerators. One configurable feature is the cache topology; it can be reconfigured as a set of private L1 caches, or a single L1 cache shared by a processor and an accelerator. This dissertation also proposes a technique to provide a configurable tradeoff between number of ports and capacity of the L1 cache. To further reduce the overhead of transferring data between compute-engines and memory, this dissertation proposes NDA (Near-DRAM Acceleration), an architecture that stacks reconfigurable accelerators atop off-chip commodity DRAM devices. To make this architecture practical in the short run, NDA uses commodity 2D DRAM devices and provides, in a practical way, high-bandwidth connections between accelerators and DRAM for the purpose of near-memory processing. This dissertation explores three NDA microarchitectures to stack accelerators atop DRAM and analyzes the impact of supporting such microarchitectures on DRAM area, timing, and energy. The first microarchitecture connects accelerators and DRAM through global I/O lines that are shared between all DRAM banks. In the second microarchitecture, global I/O lines are doubled to increase the internal bandwidth between accelerators and DRAM. The third microarchitecture connects accelerators and DRAM through global datalines that are private to each DRAM bank, substantially increasing internal DRAM bandwidth. This dissertation also identifies various software and hardware challenges in implementing the NDA architecture and provides cost-effective solutions.

Download or read book Reconfigurable and Adaptive Computing written by Nadia Nedjah and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reconfigurable computing techniques and adaptive systems are some of the most promising architectures for microprocessors. Reconfigurable and Adaptive Computing: Theory and Applications explores the latest research activities on hardware architecture for reconfigurable and adaptive computing systems. The first section of the book covers reconfigurable systems. The book presents a software and hardware codesign flow for coarse-grained systems-on-chip, a video watermarking algorithm for the H.264 standard, a solution for regular expressions matching systems, and a novel field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based acceleration solution with MapReduce framework on multiple hardware accelerators. The second section discusses network-on-chip, including an implementation of a multiprocessor system-on-chip platform with shared memory access, end-to-end quality-of-service metrics modeling based on a multi-application environment in network-on-chip, and a 3D ant colony routing (3D-ACR) for network-on-chip with three different 3D topologies. The final section addresses the methodology of system codesign. The book introduces a new software–hardware codesign flow for embedded systems that models both processors and intellectual property cores as services. It also proposes an efficient algorithm for dependent task software–hardware codesign with the greedy partitioning and insert scheduling method (GPISM) by task graph.

Download or read book Research Infrastructures for Hardware Accelerators written by Yakun Sophia Shao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardware acceleration in the form of customized datapath and control circuitry tuned to specific applications has gained popularity for its promise to utilize transistors more efficiently. Historically, the computer architecture community has focused on general-purpose processors, and extensive research infrastructure has been developed to support research efforts in this domain. Envisioning future computing systems with a diverse set of general-purpose cores and accelerators, computer architects must add accelerator-related research infrastructures to their toolboxes to explore future heterogeneous systems. This book serves as a primer for the field, as an overview of the vast literature on accelerator architectures and their design flows, and as a resource guidebook for researchers working in related areas.

Download or read book Reconfigurable Computing Architectures Tools and Applications written by Diana Goehringer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-04-09 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed conference proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Reconfigurable Computing: Architectures, Tools and Applications, ARC 2014, held in Vilamoura, Portugal, in April 2014. The 16 revised full papers presented together with 17 short papers and 6 special session papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions. The topics covered are applications; methods, frameworks and OS for debug, over-clocking, and relocation; memory architectures; methodologies and tools and architectures.

Download or read book Architecture and Programming Model Support for Reconfigurable Accelerators in Multi Core Embedded Systems written by Satyajit Das and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging trends in embedded systems and applications need high throughput and low power consumption. Due to the increasing demand for low power computing and diminishing returns from technology scaling, industry and academia are turning with renewed interest toward energy efficient hardware accelerators. The main drawback of hardware accelerators is that they are not programmable. Therefore, their utilization can be low is they perform one specific function and increasing the number of the accelerators in a system on chip (SoC) causes scalability issues. Programmable accelerators provide flexibility and solve the scalability issues. Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Array (CGRA) architecture consisting of several processing elements with word level granularity is a promising choice for programmable accelerator. Inspired by the promising characteristics of programmable accelerators, potentials of CGRAs in near threshold computing platforms are studied and an end-to-end CGRA research framework is developed in this thesis. The major contributions of this framework are: CGRA design, implementation, integration in a computing system, and compilation for CGRA. First, the design and implementation of a CGRA named Integrated Programmable Array (IPA) is presented. Next, the problem of mapping applications with control and data flow onto CGRA is formulated. From this formulation, several efficient algorithms are developed using internal resources of a CGRA, with a vision for low power acceleration. The algorithms are integrated into an automated compilation flow. Finally, the IPA accelerator is augmented in PULP - a Parallel Ultra-Low-Power Processing-Platform to explore heterogeneous computing.

Download or read book The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-11-23 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computing and information and communications technology (ICT) has dramatically changed how we work and live, has had profound effects on nearly every sector of society, has transformed whole industries, and is a key component of U.S. global leadership. A fundamental driver of advances in computing and ICT has been the fact that the single-processor performance has, until recently, been steadily and dramatically increasing year over years, based on a combination of architectural techniques, semiconductor advances, and software improvements. Users, developers, and innovators were able to depend on those increases, translating that performance into numerous technological innovations and creating successive generations of ever more rich and diverse products, software services, and applications that had profound effects across all sectors of society. However, we can no longer depend on those extraordinary advances in single-processor performance continuing. This slowdown in the growth of single-processor computing performance has its roots in fundamental physics and engineering constraints-multiple technological barriers have converged to pose deep research challenges, and the consequences of this shift are deep and profound for computing and for the sectors of the economy that depend on and assume, implicitly or explicitly, ever-increasing performance. From a technology standpoint, these challenges have led to heterogeneous multicore chips and a shift to alternate innovation axes that include, but are not limited to, improving chip performance, mobile devices, and cloud services. As these technical shifts reshape the computing industry, with global consequences, the United States must be prepared to exploit new opportunities and to deal with technical challenges. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security outlines the technical challenges, describe the global research landscape, and explore implications for competition and national security.

Download or read book Reconfigurable Computing written by Joao Cardoso and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-17 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the complexity of modern embedded systems increases, it becomes less practical to design monolithic processing platforms. As a result, reconfigurable computing is being adopted widely for more flexible design. Reconfigurable Computers offer the spatial parallelism and fine-grained customizability of application-specific circuits with the postfabrication programmability of software. To make the most of this unique combination of performance and flexibility, designers need to be aware of both hardware and software issues. FPGA users must think not only about the gates needed to perform a computation but also about the software flow that supports the design process. The goal of this book is to help designers become comfortable with these issues, and thus be able to exploit the vast opportunities possible with reconfigurable logic.

Download or read book Reconfigurable Hardware Accelerators for High Performance Radiation Tolerant Computers written by Raymond Joseph Weber and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computers play an important role in spaceflight and with ever more complex mission goals and sensors, current devices are not sufficient to meet the requirements of planned missions. These challenges are complicated by memory corruption caused by high energy radiation inherent in the space environment. We propose the use of commercial field programmable gate arrays using partial reconfiguration, triple modular redundancy with spares and memory scrubbing to achieve a radiation hard, high performance system. This strategy is leveraged on modern fabrication process nodes largely eliminating long term effects of radiation on silicon devices and shifting the focus strictly on memory corruption errors. This dissertation improves the performance of Montana State University's (MSU) existing CubeSat computing research platform through the addition of hardware accelerator tiles, a reliability analysis and analysis of the power consumption vs performance tradeoffs allowing for the development of a metric for the use of accelerator functions.

Download or read book Reconfigurable Accelerators in the World of General purpose Computing written by Tobias Kenter and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The architecture of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) combines programmability with a high potential for specialization for different workloads. In this work, by analyzing current approaches to tackle this productivity challenge along with their conceptual and practical trade-offs, we identify three pillars that can complement each other to jointly drive general-purpose adoption of FPGAs.Subsequently, we focus on overlay architectures as one of theses paths towards productive FPGA design processes. Such architectures also incur until now insufficiently understood overheads compared to custom designs implemented directly on FPGA resources. Our work quantifies such overheads with a diverse set of program loops from a state-of-the-art stereo-matching application for an instruction-programmable overlay. It demonstrates that the architecture can, despite overheads, serve as a practically usable accelerator, and identifies specific differences to fully customized FPGA designs. Additionally, we present a fast tool flow that automatically extracts suitable loops from a high-level source or binary code and offloads them to a vector coprocessor realized as an FPGA overlay.With a high-level performance estimation model that takes into account the interdependency of architectures and program designs, we furthermore explore the design space for systems coupling processors and FPGAs more closely as before. We highlight that integration of the memory hierarchy has considerable influence on the acceleration potential of the platform. ; eng

Download or read book Introduction to Reconfigurable Supercomputing written by Marco Lanzagorta and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers technologies, applications, tools, languages, procedures, advantages, and disadvantages of reconfigurable supercomputing using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The target audience is the community of users of High Performance Computers (HPC) who may benefit from porting their applications into a reconfigurable environment. As such, this book is intended to guide the HPC user through the many algorithmic considerations, hardware alternatives, usability issues, programming languages, and design tools that need to be understood before embarking on the creation of reconfigurable parallel codes. We hope to show that FPGA acceleration, based on the exploitation of the data parallelism, pipelining and concurrency remains promising in view of the diminishing improvements in traditional processor and system design. Table of Contents: FPGA Technology / Reconfigurable Supercomputing / Algorithmic Considerations / FPGA Programming Languages / Case Study: Sorting / Alternative Technologies and Concluding Remarks

Download or read book Introduction to Reconfigurable Computing written by Christophe Bobda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-30 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is a comprehensive study of the field. It provides an entry point to the novice willing to move in the research field reconfigurable computing, FPGA and system on programmable chip design. The book can also be used as teaching reference for a graduate course in computer engineering, or as reference to advance electrical and computer engineers. It provides a very strong theoretical and practical background to the field, from the early Estrin’s machine to the very modern architecture such as embedded logic devices.

Download or read book Reconfigurable Computing Architectures Tools and Applications written by Roger Woods and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-18 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Applied Reconfigurable Computing, ARC 2008, held in London, UK, in March 2008. The 21 full papers and 14 short papers presented together with the abstracts of 3 keynote lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from 56 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on programming and compilation, DNA and string processing applications, scientific applications, reconfigurable computing hardware and systems, image processing, run-time behavior, instruction set extension, as well as random number generation and financial computation.

Download or read book Reconfigurable Computing Architectures Tools and Applications written by Pedro C. Diniz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-19 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Applied Reconfigurable Computing, ARC 2007, held in Mangaratiba, Brazil, in March 2007. The 27 full papers and 10 short papers presented together with a late-comer contribution from ARC 2006 are organized in topical sections on architectures, mapping techniques and tools, arithmetic, and applications.

Download or read book Hardware Accelerators in Data Centers written by Christoforos Kachris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-21 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with an overview of the architectures, programming frameworks, and hardware accelerators for typical cloud computing applications in data centers. The authors present the most recent and promising solutions, using hardware accelerators to provide high throughput, reduced latency and higher energy efficiency compared to current servers based on commodity processors. Readers will benefit from state-of-the-art information regarding application requirements in contemporary data centers, computational complexity of typical tasks in cloud computing, and a programming framework for the efficient utilization of the hardware accelerators.

Download or read book VLSI Integrated Systems on Silicon written by Ricardo A. Reis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the papers that have been presented at the ninth Very Large Scale Integrated Systems conference VLSI'97 that is organized biannually by IFIP Working Group 10.5. It took place at Hotel Serra Azul, in Gramado Brazil from 26-30 August 1997. Previous conferences have taken place in Edinburgh, Trondheim, Vancouver, Munich, Grenoble and Tokyo. The papers in this book report on all aspects of importance to the design of the current and future integrated systems. The current trend towards the realization of versatile Systems-on-a-Chip require attention of embedded hardware/software systems, dedicated ASIC hardware, sensors and actuators, mixed analog/digital design, video and image processing, low power battery operation and wireless communication. The papers as presented in Jhis book have been organized in two tracks, where one is dealing with VLSI System Design and Applications and the other presents VLSI Design Methods and CAD. The following topics are addressed: VLSI System Design and Applications Track • VLSI for Video and Image Processing. • Microsystem and Mixed-mode design. • Communication And Memory System Design • Cow-voltage & Low-power Analog Circuits. • High Speed Circuit Techniques • Application Specific DSP Architectures. VLSI Design Methods and CAD Track • Specification and Simulation at System Level. • Synthesis and Technology Mapping. • CAD Techniques for Low-Power Design. • Physical Design Issues in Sub-micron Technologies. • Architectural Design and Synthesis. • Testing in Complex Mixed Analog and Digital Systems.

Download or read book Reconfigurable Computing written by Maya B. Gokhale and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-04 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-of-a-kind survey of the field of Reconfigurable Computing Gives a comprehensive introduction to a discipline that offers a 10X-100X acceleration of algorithms over microprocessors Discusses the impact of reconfigurable hardware on a wide range of applications: signal and image processing, network security, bioinformatics, and supercomputing Includes the history of the field as well as recent advances Includes an extensive bibliography of primary sources