Download or read book Recent advances in hazelnut corylus spp written by Valerio Cristofori and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-08 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Identifying and Evaluating Eastern Filbert Blight Resistant Hazelnuts Corylus Spp in New Jersey written by John Michael Capik and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller, is a destructive disease of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana). While the wild North American hazelnut, C. americana, only experiences minor symptoms, commercially grown C. avellana is extremely susceptible. Anisogramma anomala, whose range includes much of the U.S. east of the Rocky Mountains, is considered to be the main impediment to commercial hazelnut production in the East. As such, identifying and developing resistant C. avellana germplasm is critical to establishing an industry in this region. To support this goal, several research projects were undertaken. In the first study, 193 clonal hazelnut accessions spanning multiple Corylus species and inter-specific hybrids were examined for their disease response to EFB in New Jersey. In summary, despite the fact that many of the plants were shown to be resistant in Oregon, some accessions developed EFB in New Jersey. These results support previous work that suggests different isolates of the pathogen are present in the eastern U.S., and resistance may not hold up unilaterally. A second study included searching for new sources of resistance to EFB. New hazelnut germplasm was collected from Russia, Poland, and Ukraine and exposed to EFB. After at least five years of exposure, plants were rated for iii the presence of EFB. At completion, 76 trees from 24 seed lots were found to be free of EFB with several trees that also produced excellent quality kernels. The final study was predicated on evaluating known resistant plants for their flowering phenology in New Jersey. Phenological timing of flowering in hazelnuts is critical to ensure complete pollination and high crop yields. Nineteen hazelnut accessions were evaluated compared to daily temperatures over 4 years. Results showed that the accessions followed a similar progression of bloom each year (both staminate and pistillate flowers), which allowed their placement into Early, Mid-, and Late flowering groups. These findings represent the first efforts to report on flowering and bud break phenology in New Jersey, where the winter climate is colder and more variable than that of Oregon and other commercial hazelnut growing regions.

Download or read book The Use of Molecular and Biochemical Tools to Assist in the Breeding of Hazelnuts Corylus Spp written by Megan F. Muehlbauer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hazelnuts rank 6th in world tree nut production, with approximately 800,000 metric tons produced per year. Commercial hazelnut production in the United States (the third largest producer of hazelnuts in the world) has been limited, due to the fungal pathogen Anisogramma anomala, the causal agent of eastern filbert blight (EFB). Interestingly, A. anomala is most deadly to the European hazelnut species (Corylus avellana), the only species used for commercial production, but is harbored by and does not cause symptoms in the native American species (C. americana). This fungal pathogen invades the vascular system of hazelnuts, girdles branches, and ultimately leads to death of the tree. Control measures to combat EFB are expensive and labor intensive, thus the most cost effective means of combating this disease is the use of disease resistant plant material. The Corylus genus holds 10 additional species, many of which carry EFB resistance. Over the past 15 years, extensive germplasm collection trips have been made to develop a broad hazelnut germplasm collection at Rutgers University, the entirely of which has been screened for resistance to EFB. The purpose of this study was to genetically characterize the novel collection of largely EFB resistant germplasm at Rutgers University using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In addition, these same tools were used to further enhance the utility and better direct the use of this germplasm in the breeding program by performing a population structure analysis of A. anomala isolates collected from the United States and Canada. The final aspect of this dissertation investigates additional Corylus species by conducting a lipid content and profile analysis of four hazelnut species and interspecific hybrids to determine if there is a species effect on important kernel characteristics. Both the hazelnut germplasm collection and A. anomala isolate collection were found to be highly genetically diverse, and the analysis resolved 11 and 22 genetic populations, respectively. It was also found that the lipid content and profiles of hazelnuts will likely not be negatively affected by the introgression of different species into the breeding program. This work has demonstrated that there are a number of diverse sources of resistance in the Rutgers University hazelnut germplasm collection to the exceedingly genetically diverse fungus A. anomala, and introgression of sources of resistance in non C. avellana species will likely not effect commercially important kernel characteristics.

Download or read book Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 45 written by Irwin Goldman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops.

Download or read book Descriptors for Hazelnut Corylus avellana L written by and published by Bioversity International. This book was released on 2008 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Shelf Life Studies and Analysis of Stability Factors in American Grown Hazelnuts Corylus Spp written by Anita Sue Hanson Pershern and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Eastern Filbert Blight in Hazelnut Corylus Avellana written by Vidyasagar R. Sathuvalli and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: European hazelnut, Corylus avellana L., is the only economically important nut crop in the family Betulaceae. One of the threats to the hazelnut industry in the Pacific Northwest is the fungal disease eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by the pyrenomycete Anisogramma anomala. Host genetic resistance to EFB identified in the obsolete pollinizer 'Gasaway' has been extensively used in the hazelnut breeding program at Oregon State University. Concern over deployment of a single resistance gene prompted a search for new sources of resistance. Eighty six accessions from ten countries were evaluated for their response to greenhouse inoculation with the pathogen. Nine accessions showed complete resistance. These new sources of EFB resistance have geographically diverse origins and will broaden the genetic base of our EFB-resistant hazelnut germplasm. Map-based cloning of the EFB resistance gene from 'Gasaway' hazelnut was initiated by constructing a BAC library for 'Jefferson' which is heterozygous for resistance. The BAC library was constructed using the cloning enzyme MboI and the vector pECBAC1 (BamHI site). The library consists of 39,936 clones arrayed in 104 384-well microtiter plates with an average insert size of 117 kb and estimated coverage of 12 genome-equivalents. Chromosome walking initiated with eight RAPD markers closely linked to resistance, and extended with two further rounds of walking identified a total of 93 BACs in the resistance region. A high resolution genetic map of the resistance region was created with 51 markers in a mapping population of 1488 seedlings. In parallel, a physical map was constructed. Analysis indicated that the resistance gene is located in a single contig of three BACs (43F13, 66C22 and 85B7). Whole BACs identified in the resistance region (

Download or read book Microsatellite Marker Development Characterization and Mapping in European Hazelnut Corylus Avellana L and Investigation of Novel Sources of Eastern Filbert Blight Resistance in Corylus written by Gehendra Bhattarai and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: European hazelnut, an important nut crop in Oregon agriculture, is threatened by the fungal disease eastern filbert blight (EFB) caused by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller. The hazelnut breeding program at OSU has been working on development of EFB-resistant cultivars. DNA markers allow mapping of traits using segregating progenies and identification of linked markers. The breeding of hazelnuts involves use of DNA markers to genotype individuals and facilitate selection in a procedure known as marker-assisted selection (MAS). This technique is particularly promising in tree crops with a long juvenile phase like the hazelnuts. 'Gasaway' resistance governed by a dominant allele at a single locus was identified and several EFB-resistant cultivars carrying the dominant allele from this source have been released. Infection of 'Gasaway' and some of its offspring by A. anomala isolates has been noted, and indicates an urgent need to investigate new sources of resistance, identify new resistance genes and incorporate them into the breeding effort. New microsatellite markers were developed from the genomic sequence of hazelnut cv. 'Jefferson'. A total of 17,802 simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs exceeding 15 bp in length and consisting of tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexa- nucleotide repeats were identified in the 'Jefferson' genome. Removal of duplicates, short fragments, repeats at ends, and repeats containing only A's and T's reduced the number of unique fragments to 2,069. Visual inspection of these unique fragments alligned with genome sequences of 7 other accessions in Tablet software identified 489 sequences with variation in number of repeats but with conserved flanking regions. Amplification of a set of 24 diverse accessions and separation on agarose gels led to the development of 366 new polymorphic markers. These were used to genotype 48 diverse accessions using capillary electrophoresis for fragment sizing. An additional 15 parents were also fingerprinted at these new 366 microsatellite loci. Using the mapping population (OSU 252.146 x OSU 414.062), 213 loci were mapped. A dendrogram was constructed which showed a high level of polymorphism in hazelnut. Tightly linked markers were identified for 'Gasaway' resistance and MAS is routinely used. The hazelnut acreage in Oregon is increasing every year with the planting of these new EFB-resistant cultivars. However, concern about disease resistance breakdown prompted an investigation of 12 new EFB resistance sources. Segregating progenies were inoculated by placement of potted trees under an inoculation structure, in the greenhouse, or in the field by tying a diseased branch on each tree. A chi-square goodness-of-fit test was used compare observed with expected segregation ratios. Very few seedlings of Moscow selections N01, N01-06, and N01-07 were resistant and were likely escapes. 'Grand Traverse', C. heterophylla 'Ogyoo', 'Yoder #5', C. americana 'Rush', Moscow N23, N26, N27, and N37 segregated in 1:1 ratio, indicating resistance governed by a single locus and a dominant allele for resistance. 'Uebov' transmitted resistance to only ~15 % of its seedlings. Resistance from 'Uebov', 'Grand Traverse', and C. heterophylla 'Ogyoo' were assigned to LG6 but only 'Uebov' and 'Grand Traverse' were mapped. Resistance from 'Yoder #5', Moscow N27 and C. americana 'Rush' was assigned to LG7. Mapping of the remaining resistance sources will be completed in the future.

Download or read book Characterization of European Hazelnut Corylus Avellana Cultivars Using SSR Markers written by Tufan Gökirmak and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Investigation Into the Growing of Hazelnuts Corylus Sp in Turkey written by A. Forsyth and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Micropropagation and Regeneration of Hazelnut Corylus Species written by Xiaoling Yu and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A micropropagation system was developed for hazelnut cultivars and rootstocks. Culture establishment was affected by explant source, explant collecting season, and type of explant. The highest frequency of culture initiation and lowest tissue oxidation and contamination were obtained from internodes with single axillary buds from grafted greenhouse-grown plants early in the growing season (March). Nodal explants had a higher percentage of growth than shoot tips. For field collected materials, suckers collected in mid-season were the best option. Tissue contamination and oxidation were the main problems for the in vitro establishment of explants from mature field-grown trees. Attempts to decrease tissue oxidation by using forced outgrowth from field-grown trees and treatment of explants with antioxidants were not successful. There was a correlation between explant oxidation and phenolic content. Shoot multiplication was the best on a modified DKW medium (NCGR-COR medium) supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA) (1.5-3 mg*1−1). Plants grown on medium with 3% glucose or fructose produced more and longer shoots than those on medium with sucrose. The general appearance and growth habit of shoots were better on medium with glucose than fructose. Shoot elongation varied with genotype. Changes in medium pH from 4.7 to 5.7 did not significantly affect the multiplication rate. Root formation was induced either in vitro by culturing shoots on NCGR-COR medium with half strength mineral salts and 1 mg*1−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for four weeks or ex vitro by a brief dip in 0.2 or 1 g*1−1 IBA and acclimatization. High transplant survival of plants was obtained. Internal bacterial contamination was present in micropropagated shoots. A combination of the antibiotics streptomycin and gentamicin was effective in eliminating contaminants from micropropagated shoots, but some phytotoxicity was noted. Adventitious shoots were induced at a low frequency from stem segments of 'Nonpareil', 'Willamette', and 'Tonda Gentile Romana' and leaf discs of 'Dundee' on medium containing glutamine, thidiazuron (TDZ), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Adventitious roots were produced from stem segments and leaf discs cultured on medium with NAA alone or high concentrations of a-NAA or IBA combined with low concentrations of BA.

Download or read book Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies Nut and Beverage Crops written by Jameel M. Al-Khayri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the development of innovative modern methodologies towards augmenting conventional plant breeding, in individual crops, for the production of new crop varieties under the increasingly limiting environmental and cultivation factors to achieve sustainable agricultural production, enhanced food security, in addition to providing raw materials for innovative industrial products and pharmaceuticals. This Volume 4, subtitled Nut and Beverage Crops, focuses on advances in breeding strategies using both traditional and modern approaches for the improvement of individual plantation crops. Included in Part I, eleven important nut species recognized for their economical and nutritional importance including Almond, Argan, Brazil nut, Cashew nut, Chestnut, Hazelnut, Macadamia, Peanut, Pine nut, Pistachio and Walnut. Part II covers two popular beverage species, coffee and tea. This volume is contributed by 53 internationally reputable scientists from 13 countries. Each chapter comprehensively reviews the modern literature on the subject and reflects the authors own experience.

Download or read book Improving Initiation and Mineral Nutrition for Hazelnut Corylus Avellana Micropropagation written by Charles R. Hand and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corylus avellana L. is a global commodity and a valuable crop for the U.S. Pacific Northwest. A tremendous amount of work has been put into the development of healthy disease free, high yielding and tasty hazelnuts for the in-shell and confectionary markets. Clonal propagation is required to provide nursery trees of these improved hazelnut cultivars. The rapid multiplication provided by micropropagation methods is an important part of meeting the demand. One challenge of hazelnuts micropropagation is the wide variation in growth response among the cultivars. The studies described in this thesis were involved in improving the mineral nutrients in the growth medium and to better determine culture initiation procedures. The first study was designed to determine what mineral nutrients are driving C. avellana in vitro shoot growth using a response surface design. Hazelnut genotypes 'Dorris, ' 'Felix, ' 'Jefferson', OSU 880.054, and 'Sacajawea' were used. Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut medium (DKW) mineral nutrients were separated into five factors: NH4NO3, Ca(NO3)2, mesos (MgSO4 and KH2PO4), K2SO4, and minor nutrients (B, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Zn). The concentrations ranged from 0.5x to 2.0x the standard DKW concentrations with 33 treatments for use in modeling. Multifactor response surface analysis projected that optimum shoot proliferation was greatly influenced by the NH4NO3 to Ca(NO3)2 ratios, mesos, and minors. These factors were important to overall quality and shoot length for all genotypes. Improved shoot quality was observed with increased Ca(NO3)2, mesos, and minors for most of the cultivars tested. For 'Sacajawea' only the mesos components significantly improved shoot quality. Lower Ca(NO3)2 improved shoot multiplication while higher amounts increased shoot length for most cultivars. New media formulations will require higher Ca(NO3)2, mesos and minors as well as changes in the NH4NO3 to Ca(NO3)2 ratios. The second study determined the effects of individual minor-mineral nutrients including nickel on hazelnut shoot growth. Three hazelnut cultivars 'Dorris, ' 'Jefferson, ' and 'Sacajawea' were used. Six factors at 0.5x to 4.0x DKW concentrations, H3BO3, CuSO4, MnSO4, Na2MoO4, Zn(NO3)2, and NiSO4, were tested in a response surface design with 39 treatment combinations. Ni, not present in DKW, ranged from 0 to 6 [micro]M. Higher concentrations (4x) of B, Mo, and Zn increased overall shoot quality, length and multiplication. There were many significant interactions. High B concentrations significantly improved shoot quality for 'Jefferson'; shoot quality, length and number for 'Dorris'; and shoot length and number for 'Sacajawea'. Increased Mo improved some responses for each cultivar, and it also interacted with Cu and Zn. Interactions of Ni with other minor nutrients resulted in improved shoot quality and length in 'Sacajawea.' Ni interactions were significant for the other cultivars as well, altered the requirements for other nutrients, but did not necessarily improve the overall shoot response. Improved growth and shoot quality in 'Dorris' and 'Jefferson' required increased amounts of B, Mo, and Zn; 'Sacajawea' required increased B, Cu, Zn, and Ni. The diverse responses of these cultivars further confirmed that nutrient uptake or utilization was genotype dependent. Hazelnuts are generally difficult to initiate into culture due to internal microbial contaminants and a general lack of viability of the explants. The third study was designed to determine the effect of nodal position and collection techniques on the viability and contamination of shoot explants. Explants were collected from scion wood grafted onto seedling rootstocks and grown in the greenhouse. Single-node explants were collected from different locations on the scion wood. After surface sterilization, explants were first held in a liquid contaminant-detection medium for one week and the effect on explant viability was evaluated. Node position influenced the number of viable contaminant-free explants. Bacterial contamination increased with the distance from the shoot tip. The use of liquid detection medium as a part of the initiation procedure did not affect viability. Bacteria sampled from surface sterilized explants were identified as Brevundimonas vesicularis, Brevundimonas sp., and two Pseudomonas sp., by 16S ribosomal DNA sequences and API® 20CHB tests. The best procedure for collecting axenic, viable hazelnut explants was to collect from the first three nodes of actively-growing greenhouse plants and use detection medium to identify contaminant-free tissue. As a result of these studies several suggested growth media formulations are now available for use that may produce improved hazelnut shoot quality, multiplication and elongation for a wide range of C. avellana genotypes. Two base macro nutrient formulations, Hazelnut A and B, are likely to be suitable for many genotypes. Three micronutrient formulations provide options for growth of difficult genotypes with and without Ni. Continued optimization and testing of mesos and N components are needed for final medium formulations.

Download or read book Interaction Between Hazelnut Corylus Avellana L Shoot Development and Big Bud Mite Phytoptus Avellanae Nal and Cecidophyopsis Vermiformis Nal written by Jean E. Burgess and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The influence of environmental and genetic variation in plant morphology and development on eriophyoid bud mite (Phytoptus avellanae Nal. and Cecidophyopsis vermiformis Nal.) behavior, survival and colonization on Corylus avellana L. was studied. The distribution pattern of galled buds was consistent with the observation that mites colonize only those buds which form during the mite migration period. Our research suggested that the point of entry was the growing shoot tip, and that mites are carried passively as the shoot elongates and gain access to a succession of newly formed, unprotected primordial buds. Mites which penetrate to the apical meristem can cause leaf and shoot distortions. The relative accessibility of the apical meristem and bud primordia may affect the degree of susceptibility of the host plant. Experiments were conducted and observations made to study mite-plant interactions relevant to host plant resistance.

Download or read book Genetic Relationships Among Hazelnut Corylus Species written by Veli Erdogan and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Growth and Productivity of Hazelnut Cultivars Corylus Avellana L in Australia written by Basil Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Simple Sequence Repeat Marker Development and Use in European Hazelnut Corylus Avellana L written by Kahraman Gürcan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). were developed from several sources. The markers were characterized, and segregation in a mapping population allowed to assign them to linkage groups. Their transferability across genera and species in the Betulaceae family was investigated. SSR markers were used to fingerprint several hazelnut accessions, including those from recent collections in northern Spain, Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan. A total of 170 new single-locus polymorphic SSR primers were developed in hazelnut: 76 from a library enriched for GA repeats, 13 from a library enriched for CA repeats, 23 from internal repeats in cloned inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) fragments, 52 from repeats at the ends of ISSR fragments, and 6 from Betulaceae sequences in GenBank. These polymorphic loci were characterized using 50 hazelnut accessions, including the parents of a mapping population and 48 accessions that represented the high level of genetic diversity in European hazelnut. One hundred forty three of the new polymorphic SSR loci were mapped in a full-sib population. The map of the resistant parent consists of 344 markers (175 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and 169 SSRs) spanning 837 cM with an average of 2.43 cM between markers, while the map of the susceptible parent consists of 366 markers (183 RAPDs and 183 SSRs) spanning 926 cM with an average of 2.53 cM between markers. SRR locus A601 co-segregated with the S-locus that controls pollen-stigma incompatibility, and four loci (B774, B720, B760, and SSR62) were tightly linked to the S-locus (_