Download or read book God Created The Integers written by Stephen Hawking and published by Running Press Adult. This book was released on 2007-03-29 with total page 1053 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bestselling author and physicist Stephen Hawking explores the "masterpieces" of mathematics, 25 landmarks spanning 2,500 years and representing the work of 15 mathematicians, including Augustin Cauchy, Bernard Riemann, and Alan Turing. This extensive anthology allows readers to peer into the mind of genius by providing them with excerpts from the original mathematical proofs and results. It also helps them understand the progression of mathematical thought, and the very foundations of our present-day technologies. Each chapter begins with a biography of the featured mathematician, clearly explaining the significance of the result, followed by the full proof of the work, reproduced from the original publication.
Download or read book Making up Numbers A History of Invention in Mathematics written by Ekkehard Kopp and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making up Numbers: A History of Invention in Mathematics offers a detailed but accessible account of a wide range of mathematical ideas. Starting with elementary concepts, it leads the reader towards aspects of current mathematical research. The book explains how conceptual hurdles in the development of numbers and number systems were overcome in the course of history, from Babylon to Classical Greece, from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, and so to the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The narrative moves from the Pythagorean insistence on positive multiples to the gradual acceptance of negative numbers, irrationals and complex numbers as essential tools in quantitative analysis. Within this chronological framework, chapters are organised thematically, covering a variety of topics and contexts: writing and solving equations, geometric construction, coordinates and complex numbers, perceptions of ‘infinity’ and its permissible uses in mathematics, number systems, and evolving views of the role of axioms. Through this approach, the author demonstrates that changes in our understanding of numbers have often relied on the breaking of long-held conventions to make way for new inventions at once providing greater clarity and widening mathematical horizons. Viewed from this historical perspective, mathematical abstraction emerges as neither mysterious nor immutable, but as a contingent, developing human activity. Making up Numbers will be of great interest to undergraduate and A-level students of mathematics, as well as secondary school teachers of the subject. In virtue of its detailed treatment of mathematical ideas, it will be of value to anyone seeking to learn more about the development of the subject.
Download or read book Mathematics written by A. D. Aleksandrov and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-05-07 with total page 1123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major survey offers comprehensive, coherent discussions of analytic geometry, algebra, differential equations, calculus of variations, functions of a complex variable, prime numbers, linear and non-Euclidean geometry, topology, functional analysis, more. 1963 edition.
Download or read book Foundations of Analysis written by Edmund Landau and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why does 2 x 2 = 4? What are fractions? Imaginary numbers? Why do the laws of algebra hold? What are the properties of the numbers on which the differential and integral calculus is based? In other words, What are numbers? And why do they have the properties we attribute to them? This work answers such questions.--
Download or read book The Encyclopaedia Britannica written by and published by . This book was released on 1902 with total page 982 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lectures on Fundamental Concepts of Algebra and Geometry microform written by John Wesley Young and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Historical Development of the Calculus written by C.H.Jr. Edwards and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The calculus has served for three centuries as the principal quantitative language of Western science. In the course of its genesis and evolution some of the most fundamental problems of mathematics were first con fronted and, through the persistent labors of successive generations, finally resolved. Therefore, the historical development of the calculus holds a special interest for anyone who appreciates the value of a historical perspective in teaching, learning, and enjoying mathematics and its ap plications. My goal in writing this book was to present an account of this development that is accessible, not solely to students of the history of mathematics, but to the wider mathematical community for which my exposition is more specifically intended, including those who study, teach, and use calculus. The scope of this account can be delineated partly by comparison with previous works in the same general area. M. E. Baron's The Origins of the Infinitesimal Calculus (1969) provides an informative and reliable treat ment of the precalculus period up to, but not including (in any detail), the time of Newton and Leibniz, just when the interest and pace of the story begin to quicken and intensify. C. B. Boyer's well-known book (1949, 1959 reprint) met well the goals its author set for it, but it was more ap propriately titled in its original edition-The Concepts of the Calculus than in its reprinting.
Download or read book The New Volumes of the Encyclopaedia Britannica written by and published by . This book was released on 1902 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Encyclopedia Americana written by and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopaedia Britannica written by and published by . This book was released on 1902 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A History of Mathematics written by Luke Hodgkin and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005-06-02 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity covers the evolution of mathematics through time and across the major Eastern and Western civilizations. It begins in Babylon, then describes the trials and tribulations of the Greek mathematicians. The important, and often neglected, influence of both Chinese and Islamic mathematics is covered in detail, placing the description of early Western mathematics in a global context. The book concludes with modern mathematics, covering recent developments such as the advent of the computer, chaos theory, topology, mathematical physics, and the solution of Fermat's Last Theorem. Containing more than 100 illustrations and figures, this text, aimed at advanced undergraduates and postgraduates, addresses the methods and challenges associated with studying the history of mathematics. The reader is introduced to the leading figures in the history of mathematics (including Archimedes, Ptolemy, Qin Jiushao, al-Kashi, al-Khwarizmi, Galileo, Newton, Leibniz, Helmholtz, Hilbert, Alan Turing, and Andrew Wiles) and their fields. An extensive bibliography with cross-references to key texts will provide invaluable resource to students and exercises (with solutions) will stretch the more advanced reader.
Download or read book The New Volumes of the Encyclp edia Britannica written by and published by . This book was released on 1902 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Calculus written by Avner Friedman and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2007-03-15 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for students who have already completed a one-year course in elementary calculus, this two-part treatment advances from functions of one variable to those of several variables. Solutions. 1971 edition.
Download or read book Theory of Functions of Real Variables written by Henry P. Thielman and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Long Way from Euclid written by Constance Reid and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lively guide by a prominent historian focuses on the role of Euclid's Elements in mathematical developments of the last 2,000 years. No mathematical background beyond elementary algebra and plane geometry is necessary to appreciate the clear and simple explanations, which are augmented by more than 80 drawings. 1963 edition.
Download or read book The Twilight of Cutting written by Saida Hodic and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-11-22 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The last three decades have witnessed a proliferation of NGOs engaging in new campaigns to end the practice of female genital cutting across Africa. These campaigns have in turn spurred new institutions, discourses, and political projects, bringing about unexpected social transformations, both intended and unintended. Consequently, cutting is waning across the continent. At the same time, these endings are being disavowed by cross-continental discourses that argue that cutting has become an object of a neocolonial, racist gaze and Western interventionist zeal. What does it mean to say that while cutting is ending, the Western discourse surrounding it is on the rise? And what kind of a feminist anthropology is needed in such a moment? The Twilight of Cutting examines these and other questions from the vantage point of Ghanaian feminist and reproductive health NGOs that have organized campaigns against cutting for over thirty years. The book looks at these NGOs not as solutions but as sites of 'problematization.' The purpose of understanding Ghanaian campaigns, their transnational and regional encounters, and the forms of governmentality they produce is not to charge them with providing answers to the question, how do we end cutting? Instead, it is to account for their work, their historicity, the life worlds and subjectivities they engender, and the modes of reflection, imminent critique, and opposition they set in motion"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book Grass Productivity An Introduction to Rational Grazing written by Dr. Robert C. Worstell and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2015-01-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SIMPLE questions often help us to understand problems better; and I think it indispensable, at the beginning of this work, to ask a question which appears simple in the extreme: "What is grazing?" The answer is generally as follows: "Causing grass to be eaten by an animal." That is correct! But here is another answer which, to my mind, is more realistic: "Causing the grass and the animal to meet." Since this book is almost exclusively concerned with grazing by cattle, I propose the following definition to the reader, requesting him to allow it to become well impressed upon his mind: Grazing is the meeting of cow and grass. It is by satisfying as far as possible the demands of both parties that we will arrive at a rational grazing, which will provide us with maximum productivity on the part of the grass while at the same time allowing the cow to give optimum performance. [From the Introduction]
