Download or read book Memory written by Bennett L. Schwartz and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2013-07-02 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science and practice of memory come to life with Bennett Schwartz' Memory, Second Edition. Integrated coverage of cognitive psychology and neuroscience throughout the text connect theory and research to the areas in the brain where memory processes occur, while unique applications of memory concepts to such areas as education, investigations, and courtrooms engage students in an exploration of how memory works in everyday life. Four themes create a framework for the text: the active nature of learning and remembering; memory's status as a biological process; the multiple components of memory systems; and how memory principles can improve our individual ability to learn and remember. Substantive changes in each chapter and 156 new references bring this new edition completely up to date and offer students an array of high-interest examples for augmenting their own memory abilities and appreciation of memory science.

Download or read book Basic and Applied Memory Research written by Douglas J. Herrmann and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic researchers unlock the secrets of nature; applied researchers unlock the means by which those secrets of nature can change people's lives. Neither basic nor applied research has an independent impact. These volumes examine the convergence of basic and applied research in the field of memory. Volume 1: Theory and Context, focuses on the methods for understanding and applying basic memory theory, while Volume 2: Practical Applications, expands the understanding of practical memory research by providing in-depth research examples and findings. If the science of memory is to make a significant contribution to society, coordinating our basic and applied efforts and determining how they complement each other become of paramount importance. These volumes will help in this regard--both as textbooks demonstrating how to investigate memory and apply basic memory theory, and as reference sources leading to a better understanding of certain problems in basic and applied memory research. Readers of these volumes will gain a thorough grasp of the way major themes relate to basic and applied research collaboration, how programmatic basic and applied research can be conducted on particular memory problems, and the manner in which basic and applied work in major problem areas has been incorporated into the field of memory. Both volumes present important information that will be indispensable to researchers and students alike.

Download or read book Memory Distortion written by Daniel L. Schacter and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Memory Distortion, contributions from a multidisciplinary team of eminent scholars form the basis of an exploration of a range of phenomena including: hypnosis, confabulation, source amnesia, flashbulb memories and repression.

Download or read book Trauma and Memory written by Paul S. Appelbaum and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1997-05-29 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authenticity of memories of childhood sexual abuse has become one of the major social controversies of the 1990's. As persons who report histories of abuse have sought remedies in civil and criminal proceedings in the courts, the accuracy of their memories--particularly when they have been recalled after a period of time--has been subject to intense scrutiny. This volume brings together many of the leading participants in the debate to provide a comprehensive picture of the psychological, physiological, and legal aspects of trauma. Beginning by defining the opposing positions in the debate, the contributors then offer a variety of perspectives on the nature of memory, including reviews of some of the most exciting recent developments in this fast-growing area of investigation. Next, consideration is given to the impact of trauma on memory, both in adults and in children. With this framework in place, the authors turn to an examination of the variety of treatment approaches available to victims of trauma, who are trying to cope with the painful consequences of those events. The book argues against a unidimensional approach to trauma, calling instead for a multidisciplinary synthesis that includes developmental, neurobiological, cognitive, and psychodynamic perspectives. Chapters address the legal dilemmas for patients, mental health professionals and society as a whole that have arisen from the trauma and memory controversy. Most importantly, the editors shift the focus of their discussion from the laboratory to the courtroom and from the research journal to the psychotherapist's office, looking at the issues from every relevant angle. This is the only book in the field to treat the trauma and memory controversy comprehensively, from basic research on memory processes through clinical approaches to legal and policy issues. Trauma and Memory is a valuable tool for clinicians treating patients with traumatic memories. It is also intended for psychologists, physicians, social workers and lawyers who need a comprehensive reference on trauma and sexual abuse during childhood.

Download or read book The Science of False Memory written by C. J. Brainerd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-05-05 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Findings from research on false memory have major implications for a number of fields central to human welfare, such as medicine and law. Although many important conclusions have been reached after a decade or so of intensive research, the majority of them are not well known outside the immediate field. To make this research accessible to a much wider audience, The Science of False Memory has been written to require little or no background knowledge of the theory and techniques used in memory research. Brainerd and Reyna introduce the volume by considering the progenitors to the modern science of false memory, and noting the remarkable degree to which core themes of contemporary research were anticipated by historical figure such as Binet, Piaget, and Bartlett. They continue with an account of the varied methods that have been used to study false memory both inside and outside of the laboratory. The first part of the volume focuses on the basic science of false memory, revolving around three topics: old and new theoretical ideas that have been used to explain false memory and make predictions about it; research findings and predictions about false memory in normal adults; and research findings and predictions about age-related changes in false memory between early childhood and adulthood. Throughout Part I, Brainerd and Reyna emphasize how current opponent-processes conceptions of false memory act as a unifying influence by integrating predictions and data across disparate forms of false memory. The second part focuses on the applied science of false memory, revolving around four topics: the falsifiability of witnesses and suspects memories of crimes, including false confessions by suspects; the falsifiability of eyewitness identifications of suspects; false-memory reports in investigative interviews of child victims and witnesses, particularly in connection with sexual-abuse crimes; false memory in psychotherapy, including recovered memories of childhood abuse, multiple-personality disorders, and recovered memories of previous lives. Although Part II is concerned with applied research, Brainerd and Reyna continue to emphasize the unifying influence of opponent-processes conceptions of false memory. The third part focuses on emerging trends, revolving around three expanding areas of false-memory research: mathematical models, aging effects, and cognitive neuroscience. False Memory will be an invaluable resource for professional researchers, practitioners, and students in the many fields for which false-memory research has implications, including child-protective services, clinical psychology, law, criminal justice, elementary and secondary education, general medicine, journalism, and psychiatry.

Download or read book Cognitive Illusions written by Rüdiger F Pohl and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Illusions explores a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. Featuring contributions from leading researchers, the book defines what cognitive illusions are and discusses their theoretical status: are such illusions proof for a faulty human information-processing system, or do they only represent by-products of otherwise adaptive cognitive mechanisms? Throughout the book, background to phenomena such as illusions of control, overconfidence and hindsight bias are discussed, before considering the respective empirical research, potential explanations of the phenomenon, and relevant applied perspectives. Each chapter also features the detailed description of an experiment that can be used as classroom demonstration. Featuring six new chapters, this edition has been thoroughly updated throughout to reflect recent research and changes of focus within the field. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of cognitive illusions, specifically, those focusing on thinking, reasoning, decision-making and memory.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Human Memory 3 volumes written by Annette Kujawski Taylor Ph.D. and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2013-10-29 with total page 1664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing clear, comprehensible information for general readers, this three-volume, A–Z encyclopedia covers the major theories and findings associated with our understanding of human memory and some of the crippling disorders associated with memory malfunction. This encyclopedia comprehensively addresses one of the most critical components of human intelligence—memory. Comprising approximately 500 A–Z entries written by experts who have studied memory and its impacts, the work defines complex terminology for lay readers and includes answers to the most common questions regarding human memory. Readers will gain an understanding of the various psychological and physiological systems of memory, such as short-term or procedural memory; comprehend the principles that underlie effective encoding, storage, and construction of memories; and learn the truth about often misconceptualized conditions like "amnesia" or how our memories are stored in bits and pieces rather than linearly like a recorded tape or video. This set is ideal for high school students writing term papers or studying for advanced examinations such as Advanced Placement (AP) in psychology. The volumes also provide a breadth of information invaluable to family members, friends, and caretakers of individuals who suffer from various memory disorders, including descriptions of major disorders, explanations of specific memory deficits, strategies for memory improvement, and information on the parts of the brain that access and store memory as well as the types of tests used to assess memory loss. Also included are biographies of key contributors to the field of cognitive psychology, and to the area of memory in particular.

Download or read book Memory 101 written by James Michael Lampinen, PhD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2014-11-25 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary research has found that memory is much more than the process for recalling information that has been learned and retainedóit is a rich, nuanced process that is an important part of every human activity. This highly readable foundational text provides an overview of the theories and research on human memory from a psychological perspective. Grounded in the premise that all psychological processes depend on memory, and that memory is shaped by the functions it serves, the authors look at a wide range of memory processes and discuss the major theories that have been developed to explain how it functions. This book describes the major structural and functional theories that guide our understanding of memory. The authors then focus on everyday functions of memory, including memorizing things, remembering to do things (prospective memory), and recalling how to do things, such as skills, procedures, and navigation. Disorders of memory including Alzheimer's and amnesia are examined along with exceptional memory skills, such as the phenomenon of individuals with highly superior autobiographical memory. The book also addresses the intriguing and controversial topics of repressed and recovered memories, the validity of memory in courtroom testimony, and the effects of remembering traumatic events. Illustrative examples, metaphors, and humor make for a text that is engaging and entertaining, resulting in a valuable, concise introduction for students. Key Features: Provides a concise, easy-to-read, yet scientifically based survey of theory and current research on memory Grounded in the concept that memory is foundational to all psychological processes and human experience Covers controversial and intriguing topics including repressed and recovered memories, memory in legal testimony, amnesia, and the phenomenon of super memory Explores the myths and realities surrounding memory loss The Psych 101 Series Short, reader-friendly introductions to cutting-edge topics in psychology. With key concepts, controversial topics, and fascinating accounts of up-to-the-minute research, The Psych 101 Series is a valuable resource for all students of psychology and anyone interested in the field.

Download or read book Memory in the Real World written by Gillian Cohen and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook has been updated and extended to include recent research in all areas of everyday memory.

Download or read book False memory Creation in Children and Adults written by David F. Bjorklund and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2000-05-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As one of the most hotly debated topics of the past decade, false memory has attracted the interest of researchers and practitioners in many of psychology's subdisciplines. Real-world issues surrounding the credibility of memories (particularly memories of traumatic events, such as sexual abuse) reported by both children and adults have been at the center of this debate. Were the adults actually retrieving repressed memories under the careful direction of psychotherapists, or were the memories being "created" by repeated suggestion? Were children telling investigators about events that actually happened, or were the interviewing techniques used to get at unpleasant experiences serving to implant memories that eventually became their own? There is evidence in the psychological research literature to support both sides, and the potential impact on individuals, families, and society as a whole has been profound. This book is an attempt to cut through the undergrowth and get at the truth of the "recovered memory/false-memory creation" puzzle. The contributors review seminal work from their own research programs and provide theory and critical evaluation of existing research that is necessary to translate theory into practice. The book will be of great value to basic and applied memory researchers, clinical and social psychologists, and other professionals working within the helping and legal professions.

Download or read book Memory in Everyday Life written by G.M. Davies and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1993-08-25 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last decade has seen a major growth in research on how memory is used in everyday life. This volume represents a reaction to traditional laboratory-bound studies of the first half of the century which sought to identify the fundamental principles of learning and memory through the use of materials and methods totally divorced from the real world. The new wave of memory research has had considerable success in charting how memory develops, the role it plays in educational and social skills and the impact of memory impairment on mental life. The current volume consists of authoritative reviews of this emerging area linked to comment and criticism from major researchers in the field.Contrasted, probably for the first time, are two major styles of research in applied memory research: The naturalistic approach, which has sought to study memory in everyday environments, using actual experiences from people's lives as the raw data from which to derive more general principles, and the applied cognitive approach, whereby theories and methods are developed using orthodox laboratory techniques which are then validated by applying them directly to real phenomena. This is one of the few books to bring together evidence across the very wide spectrum of humdrum activity that constitutes the everyday uses of memory.

Download or read book Do Justice and Let the Sky Fall written by Maryanne Garry and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 30 years, renowned psychological scientist Elizabeth F. Loftus has contributed groundbreaking research to the fields of science, law, and academia. This book provides an opportunity for readers to become better acquainted with one of the most important psychologists of our time, as it celebrates her life and accomplishments. It is intended to be a working text-one that challenges, intrigues, and inspires all readers alike. Do Justice and Let the Sky Fall collects research in theoretical and applied areas of human memory, provides an overview of the application of memory research to legal problems, and presents an introduction to the costs of doing controversial research. The first chapter gives a sketch of Loftus' career in her own words, and the remaining chapters color in that sketch. The final chapters of the book are more personal, and put a human face on a person who is held in such high esteem. This multipurpose volume is intended to serve as a valuable resource for established scientists, emerging scientists, graduate students, lawyers, and health professionals.

Download or read book Visual Memory written by Steven J. Luck and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-09-10 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vision and memory are two of the most intensively studied topics in psychology and neuroscience. The present book concerns the interaction between vision and memory: How do we remember what we see? And how does our memory for the visual world influence subsequent perception and action? topics in psychology and neuroscience, and the intersection etween them--visual memory--is emerging as a fertile ground for research. Certain memory systems appear to specialize in This book provides a state-of-the-art account of visual memory systems. Each chapter is written by an internationally renowned researcher, who has made seminal contributions to the topic. The chapters are comprehensive, providing both a broad overview of each topic and a summary of the latest research. They also present new perspectives that advance our theoretical understanding of visual memory and suggest directions for future research. After an introductory overview by the editors, chapters address visual sensory memory (iconic memory), visual short-term memory, and the relationship between visual memory and eye movements. Visual long-term memory is then reviewed from several different perspectives, including memory for natural scenes, the relationship between visual memory and object recognition, and associative learning. The final chapters discuss the neural mechanisms of visual memory and neuropsychological deficits in visual memory. This book is a comprehensive guide to visual memory research that will be a valuable resource for both students and professionals.

Download or read book Adult Eyewitness Testimony written by David Frank Ross and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-03-25 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigates the factors that influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Memory written by Endel Tulving and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-05-05 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strengths and weaknesses of human memory have fascinated people for hundreds of years, so it is not surprising that memory research has remained one of the most flourishing areas in science. During the last decade, however, a genuine science of memory has emerged, resulting in research and theories that are rich, complex, and far reaching in their implications. Endel Tulving and Fergus Craik, both leaders in memory research, have created this highly accessible guide to their field. In each chapter, eminent researchers provide insights into their particular areas of expertise in memory research. Together, the chapters in this handbook lay out the theories and presents the evidence on which they are based, highlights the important new discoveries, and defines their consequences for professionals and students in psychology, neuroscience, clinical medicine, law, and engineering.

Download or read book The Impact of Internal and External Influences on Memory and their Relevance to Legal Decisions written by Fabiana Battista and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-02 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fallibility of memory has been often demonstrated. A plethora of studies has focused on external influences that can affect memory reports, such as suggestive questioning. Adopting different paradigms (e.g., misinformation, memory conformity), the recurrent pattern of findings of these studies is that suggestion can make people prone to falsely recall details that were never experienced (i.e., commission errors, false details). In addition, suggestion can make them unable to recall truly experienced events or event-related details. However, internal influences can also affect memory. One such internal influence is deception. In the last decade, several studies have investigated how memory can be affected by deception. Specifically, these studies have shown that a person who has intentionally deceived the listener about an experienced event, subsequently when the person comes forward with the truth shows an impaired memory for such an event. This line of research examined the detrimental effects on memory by taking into account different strategies to deceive (e.g., false denials, feigned amnesia, and fabrication) and found that the memory outcomes due to deception can vary based on the strategy used to deceive. A number of studies has also demonstrated that another type of deception - known as self-deception - can influence our memory. This strategy relies on the act of deceiving our own selves and seems to reduce the recall of negative memories. The understanding of the effects of external (e.g., suggestion) and internal (e.g., deception, self-deception) on memory is important, not only in order to gain more fundamental information on how memory works, but also because of the relevance of memory functioning within the legal context. Memory distortions, for example, inaccurate eyewitness testimony, can lead to impactful legal decisions, such as wrongful convictions. Several studies have underlined the harmful consequences of distorted statements. Additional support is found in databases from various worldwide associations who strive to obtain fair justice for people involved in wrongful convictions cases (for instance, www.innocenceproject.org). Therefore, it is important that researchers continue to provide evidence on the mnemonic impact of internal and external factors that influence legal practitioners to help avoid miscarriages of justice.

Download or read book Science of Memory written by Henry L. Roediger III and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-26 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists currently study memory from many different perspectives: neurobiological, ethological, animal conditioning, cognitive, behavioral neuroscience, social, and cultural. The aim of this book is to help initiate a new science of memory by bringing these perspectives together to create a unified understanding of the topic. The book began with a conference where leading practitioners from all these major approaches met to analyze and discuss 16 concepts that are crucial to our understanding of memory. Each of these 16 concepts is addressed in a section of the book, and in the 66 succinct chapters that fill these sections, a leading researcher addresses the section's concept by clearly stating his or her position on it, elucidating how it is used, and discussing how it should be used in future research. For some concepts, there is general agreement among practitioners from different fields and levels of analysis, but for others there is general disagreement and much controversy. A final chapter in each section, also written by a leading researcher, integrates the various viewpoints offered on the section's concept, then draws conclusions about the concept. This groundbreaking volume will be an indispensable reference for all the students and researchers who will build upon the foundation it provides for the new science of memory.