Download or read book Proactive Policing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Policing in the United States written by Tamara Rice Lave and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-04 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive collection on police and policing, written by experts in political theory, sociology, criminology, economics, law, public health, and critical theory.
Download or read book Racial Profiling Within Law Enforcement Agencies written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on the Constitution, Federalism, and Property Rights and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Racial Profiling written by Steven J. Muffler and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, racial profiling has drawn the attention of state and federal governments. In this book, racial profiling is defined as the practice of targeting individuals for police or security interdiction, detention, or other disparate treatment based primarily on their race, ethnicity, or national origin in the belief that certain minority groups are more likely to engage in unlawful behaviour. Assertions that law enforcement personnel at all levels unfairly target certain racial and ethnic groups, particularly but not exclusively for traffic stops and searches, have raised concerns about violations of the Constitution. The major debate on racial profiling centres on whether the practice should be prohibited entirely and whether data on traffic stops and searches should be collected to determine if the practice is occurring. This book gathers presents the major issues, available data, and analyses important to understanding on the most dangerous and divisive practices of our time.
Download or read book Black in Blue written by Kenneth Bolton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-04-13 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From New York to Los Angeles, police departments across the country are consistently accused of racism. Although historically white police precincts have been slowly integrating over the past few decades, African-American officers still encounter racism on the job. Bolton and Feagin have interviewed fifty veteran African-American police officers to provide real-life and vivid examples of the difficulties and discrimination these officers face everyday inside and outside the police station from barriers in hiring and getting promoted to lack of trust from citizens and members of black communi.
Download or read book Profiles in Injustice written by David A. Harris and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that racial profiling by police officers, highway troopers, and customs officials is morally reprehensible and does not help catch criminals, but rather contributes to the moral decay of American society.
Download or read book The Color of Guilt Innocence written by Steve Holbert and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reared in the Hindu tradition, quantum physicist Amit Goswami integrates our spiritual heart with our scientific head.
Download or read book Racial Profiling written by Laurie E. Ekstrand and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000-12 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial profiling of motorists by law enforcement -- that is, using race as a key factor in deciding whether to make a traffic stop -- is an issue that has received increased attention in recent years. Numerous allegations of racial profiling of motorists have been made and several lawsuits have been won. This report provides info. on: the findings and methodologies that have been conducted on racial profiling of motorists; and federal, state, and local data available on motorist stops. The analyses indicates that African American motorists in particular, and minority motorists in general, were proportionately more likely than whites to be stopped on the roadways studied.
Download or read book Racial Profiling written by Noël Merino and published by Greenhaven Publishing LLC. This book was released on 2014-12-12 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The writings in this anthology have been selected to introduce your readers to a wide array of viewpoints on the use of racial profiling in law enforcement. Written by foremost authorities in the field, these essays express leading liberal, conservative, and centrist views. Each chapter asks a relevant question about the topic, and the viewpoints that follow are grouped into “yes” and “no” categories. Questions debated in this book are whether racial profiling is a problem, whether Arab Muslims should be profiled in the War on Terror, what the causes and consequences of racial profiling are, and what should be done about it.
Download or read book Racial Profiling written by Tamra Orr and published by ABDO. This book was released on 2009-08 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes racial profilling in the United States from a variety of perspectives.
Download or read book Racial Profiling written by Ronnie A. Dunn and published by Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Publication Now Available! Racial profiling is a phenomenon that has been around for many years... As of 2007, there had been over 200 court cases involving allegations of racial and ethnic profiling against law enforcement agencies in the United States. Consequently, it is an issue of significant concern. While racial profiling can affect many aspects of the lives of minorities, including Arab and Muslim Americans, Racial Profiling: Causes and Consequences focuses on the "driving while black" (DWB) phenomenon. Among the most frequently occurring incidences of racial profiling is traffic stops-for minor traffic violations, which often result in vehicle searches for contraband. That is the focus of this book, which includes several studies of traffic stops and assesses traffic stops from several perspectives. Racial Profiling: Causes and Consequences: Includes a study that analyzes reports from several states on data collected in traffic stops. These data indicate the race of the driver and the disposition of the traffic stop, i.e., race, search, and yield for contraband. This data was examined for evidence of racial discrimination. Features several personal stories of DWB in order to illuminate the pervasiveness of its occurrence. Presents a comprehensive study of traffic ticketing in Cleveland, Ohio. This study integrates research methods used in other studies to provide an enhanced estimate of the driving population within the particular geographic area being studied. Provides an analysis of the DWB issue from an institutional racism perspective rather than the traditional individual racist police officer paradigm in which the issue is generally discussed. Highlights the less obvious concomitant socioeconomic and legal ramifications of DWB such as the revocation of one's driver's license due to the accumulation of points for moving traffic violations and the various economic costs and hardships that stem from this loss of driving privileges, the possibility of multiple traffic infractions being added to a police record as was the case with Timothy Thomas, the young black man shot to death by Cincinnati police in 2001.
Download or read book Suspect Race written by Jack Glaser and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Suspect Race, social psychologist and public policy expert Jack Glaser leverages a century's worth of social psychological research to provide a clear understanding of how stereotypes, even those operating outside of conscious awareness or control, can cause police to make discriminatory judgments and decisions about who to suspect, stop, question, search, use force on, and arrest. Glaser argues that stereotyping, even nonconscious stereotyping, is a completely normal human mental process, but that it leads to undesirable discriminatory outcomes. Additionally, he finds evidence that racial profiling can actually increase crime, and he considers the implications for racial profiling in counterterrorism. Suspect Race brings to bear the vast scientific literature on intergroup stereotyping to offer the first in-depth and accessible understanding of the primary cause of racial profiling, and to explore implications for policy.
Download or read book Racial Profiling written by Alison Marie Behnke and published by Twenty-First Century Books ™. This book was released on 2017-01-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, racial profiling affects thousands of Americans every day. Both individuals and institutions—such as law enforcement agencies, government bodies, and schools—routinely use race or ethnicity as grounds for suspecting someone of an offense. The high-profile deaths of unarmed people of color at the hands of police officers have brought renewed national attention to racial profiling and have inspired grassroots activism from groups such as Black Lives Matter. Combining rigorous research with powerful personal stories, this insightful title explores the history, the many manifestations, and the consequences of this form of social injustice.
Download or read book Racial Profiling Within Law Enforcement Agencies written by United States. Congress and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-05 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial profiling within law enforcement agencies : hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution, Federalism, and Property Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, March 30, 2000.
Download or read book Racial Profiling Studies in Law Enforcement written by Jim Cleary and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Suspect Citizens written by Frank R. Baumgartner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Suspect Citizens offers the most comprehensive look to date at the most common form of police-citizen interactions, the routine traffic stop. Throughout the war on crime, police agencies have used traffic stops to search drivers suspected of carrying contraband. From the beginning, police agencies made it clear that very large numbers of police stops would have to occur before an officer might interdict a significant drug shipment. Unstated in that calculation was that many Americans would be subjected to police investigations so that a small number of high-level offenders might be found. The key element in this strategy, which kept it hidden from widespread public scrutiny, was that middle-class white Americans were largely exempt from its consequences. Tracking these police practices down to the officer level, Suspect Citizens documents the extreme rarity of drug busts and reveals sustained and troubling disparities in how racial groups are treated.
Download or read book Race and Policing in America written by Ronald Weitzer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-06-12 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race and Policing in America is about relations between police and citizens, with a focus on racial differences. It utilizes both the authors' own research and other studies to examine Americans' opinions, preferences, and personal experiences regarding the police. Guided by group-position theory and using both existing studies and the authors' own quantitative and qualitative data (from a nationally representative survey of whites, blacks, and Hispanics), this book examines the roles of personal experience, knowledge of others' experiences (vicarious experience), mass media reporting on the police, and neighborhood conditions (including crime and socioeconomic disadvantage) in structuring citizen views in four major areas: overall satisfaction with police in one's city and neighborhood, perceptions of several types of police misconduct, perceptions of police racial bias and discrimination, and evaluations of and support for a large number of reforms in policing.
