Download or read book Crystal Oscillator Design and Temperature Compensation written by Marvin Frerking and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystal oscillators have been in use now for well over SO years-one of the first was built by W. G. Cady in 1921. Today, millions of them are made every year, covering a range of frequencies from a few Kilohertz to several hundred Mega hertz and a range of stabilities from a fraction of one percent to a few parts in ten to the thirteenth, with most of them, by far, still in the range of several tens of parts per million.Their major application has long been the stabilization of fre quencies in transmitters and receivers, and indeed, the utilization of the frequency spectrum would be in utter chaos, and the communication systems as we know them today unthinkable,'without crystal oscillators. With the need to accommodate ever increasing numbers of users in a limited spectrum space, this traditional application will continue to grow for the fore seeable future, and ever tighter tolerances will have to be met by an ever larger percentage of these devices.
Download or read book Understanding Quartz Crystals and Oscillators written by Ramon M. Cerda and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2014-05-01 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quartz, unique in its chemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, is used as a frequency control element in applications where stability of frequency is an absolute necessity. Without crystal controlled transmission, radio and television would not be possible in their present form. The quartz crystals allow the individual channels in communication systems to be spaced closer together to make better use of one of most precious resources -- wireless bandwidth. This book describes the characteristics of the art of crystal oscillator design, including how to specify and select crystal oscillators. While presenting various varieties of crystal oscillators, this resource also provides you with useful MathCad and Genesys simulations.
Download or read book Piezoelectric MEMS Resonators written by Harmeet Bhugra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-09 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces piezoelectric microelectromechanical (pMEMS) resonators to a broad audience by reviewing design techniques including use of finite element modeling, testing and qualification of resonators, and fabrication and large scale manufacturing techniques to help inspire future research and entrepreneurial activities in pMEMS. The authors discuss the most exciting developments in the area of materials and devices for the making of piezoelectric MEMS resonators, and offer direct examples of the technical challenges that need to be overcome in order to commercialize these types of devices. Some of the topics covered include: Widely-used piezoelectric materials, as well as materials in which there is emerging interest Principle of operation and design approaches for the making of flexural, contour-mode, thickness-mode, and shear-mode piezoelectric resonators, and examples of practical implementation of these devices Large scale manufacturing approaches, with a focus on the practical aspects associated with testing and qualification Examples of commercialization paths for piezoelectric MEMS resonators in the timing and the filter markets ...and more! The authors present industry and academic perspectives, making this book ideal for engineers, graduate students, and researchers.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Cities and Their Vital Systems written by Advisory Committee on Technology and Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 1298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cities and Their Vital Systems asks basic questions about the longevity, utility, and nature of urban infrastructures; analyzes how they grow, interact, and change; and asks how, when, and at what cost they should be replaced. Among the topics discussed are problems arising from increasing air travel and airport congestion; the adequacy of water supplies and waste treatment; the impact of new technologies on construction; urban real estate values; and the field of "telematics," the combination of computers and telecommunications that makes money machines and national newspapers possible.
Download or read book Introduction to Microelectromechanical Microwave Systems written by Héctor J. de los Santos and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2004 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation The second edition covers the latest in fabrication technologies, actuation mechanisms, packaging, switching, resonator design, and microwave and wireless applications. This practical book steers readers past the drawbacks and towards the benefits of integrating RF/microwave MEMS into communications equipment
Download or read book From Sundials to Atomic Clocks written by James Jespersen and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clear and accessible introduction to the concept of time examines measurement, historic timekeeping methods, uses of time information, role of time in science and technology, and much more. Over 300 illustrations.
Download or read book Design of Crystal and Other Harmonic Oscillators written by Benjamin Parzen and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents quantitative design techniques for a wide range of harmonic oscillators, with emphasis on crystal oscillators. Discusses both theory and practical ``cookbook'' procedures and covers oscillator frequency stability, output power, and resonator drive power. Offers algorithms that can be programmed into a relatively simple computer to obtain an oscillator design. Also reviews basic theory for circuit networks, oscillator models, and small and large signal transistor characteristics.
Download or read book Sensors Mechanical Sensors written by Wolfgang Göpel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-20 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Sensors' is the first self-contained series to deal with the wholearea of sensors. It describes general aspects, technical andphysical fundamentals, construction, function, applications anddevelopments of the various types of sensors. This volume contains the physical and technical fundamentals ofmechanical sensors, and contains and assesses the various types ofsensors for particular applications. Of interest to engineers,physicists, chemists and others involved in sensor technology.
Download or read book An Introduction to Modern Timekeeping and Time Transfer written by Parameswar Banerjee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive, systematic description of modern timekeeping and its specializations. Introductory chapters discuss the concept of time and its definition, then briefly look at pre-Atomic Era timekeeping to set the stage for the introduction of the atomic clock. Subsequent chapters focus on concepts such as frequency stability and measurement uncertainty, as well as computer network time-synchronization protocols including Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precise Time Protocol (PTP). The book then delves into the nuts and bolts of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer, and Optical Time and Frequency Transfer. Timescale theory is then described as a way to combine clock data, and the algorithms and procedures used to generate Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) are given. Finally, there is a look at modern applications of timekeeping and time transfer. Featuring a glossary of all key terms, this book is highly recommended for trained or incoming physicists, engineers, or mathematicians working, for example, in manufacturing or timing laboratories. Additionally, it is suitable for use in introductory university courses dealing with the subject of timekeeping.
Download or read book The 22nd Annual Precise Time and Time Interval PTTI Applications and Planning Meeting written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE Frequency Control Symposium written by IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society and published by Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE). This book was released on 1992 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Complete Guide to Crystal Astrology written by Marina Costelloe and published by Findhorn Press. This book was released on 2012-08-01 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: You almost certainly know your personal zodiac sign which is based upon the position of the sun at your birth. But did you know that each of these signs is composed of 30 different degrees each representing a different energy or character shape? The Complete Guide to Crystal Astrology assigns a crystal element to each of the 360 degrees of the zodiac. This is the base for a very individual association between the stars of your birth and crystals. Look up which of the 360 crystal elements can be associated to the position of the sun at your birthday. Translate your whole birth chart into crystals by looking up which ones are associated to the different planets at your birth. Find out how your personal crystal elements are connected to numerology, Marc Edmund Jones key words, Sabian symbols and Jane Ridder-Patrick healing body points. Discover the message of crystals about your life path, your hidden and aware abilities.
Download or read book 22nd Annual Precise Time and Time Interval PTTI Applications and Planning Meeting written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Capacitive Silicon Resonators written by Nguyen Van Toan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfabricated resonators play an essential role in a variety of applications, including mass sensing, timing reference applications, and filtering applications. Many transduction mechanisms including piezoelectric, piezoresistive, and capacitive mechanisms, have been studied to induce and detect the motion of resonators. This book is meant to introduce and suggest several technological approaches together with design considerations for performance enhancement of capacitive silicon resonators, and will be useful for those working in field of micro and nanotechnology. Features Introduces and suggests several technological approaches together with design considerations for performance enhancement of capacitive silicon resonators Provides information on the various fabrication technologies and design considerations that can be employed to improve the performance capacitive silicon resonator which is one of the promising options to replace the quartz crystal resonator. Discusses several technological approaches including hermetic packaging based on the LTCC substrate, deep reactive ion etching, neutral beam etching technology, and metal-assisted chemical etching, as well as design considerations for mechanically coupled, selective vibration of high-order mode, movable electrode structures, and piezoresistive heat engines were investigated to achieve small motional resistance, low insertion loss, and high quality factor. Focusses on a capacitive sensing method based on the measurement of the change in capacitance between a sensing electrode and the resonant body. Reviews recent progress in performance enhancement methods for capacitive silicon resonator, which are mainly based on the works of the authors.
Download or read book 3D and Circuit Integration of MEMS written by Masayoshi Esashi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-16 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore heterogeneous circuit integration and the packaging needed for practical applications of microsystems MEMS and system integration are important building blocks for the “More-Than-Moore” paradigm described in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. And, in 3D and Circuit Integration of MEMS, distinguished editor Dr. Masayoshi Esashi delivers a comprehensive and systematic exploration of the technologies for microsystem packaging and heterogeneous integration. The book focuses on the silicon MEMS that have been used extensively and the technologies surrounding system integration. You’ll learn about topics as varied as bulk micromachining, surface micromachining, CMOS-MEMS, wafer interconnection, wafer bonding, and sealing. Highly relevant for researchers involved in microsystem technologies, the book is also ideal for anyone working in the microsystems industry. It demonstrates the key technologies that will assist researchers and professionals deal with current and future application bottlenecks. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to enhanced bulk micromachining on MIS process, including pressure sensor fabrication and the extension of MIS process for various advanced MEMS devices An exploration of epitaxial poly Si surface micromachining, including process condition of epi-poly Si, and MEMS devices using epi-poly Si Practical discussions of Poly SiGe surface micromachining, including SiGe deposition and LP CVD polycrystalline SiGe A concise treatment of heterogeneously integrated aluminum nitride MEMS resonators and filters Perfect for materials scientists, electronics engineers, and electrical and mechanical engineers, 3D and Circuit Integration of MEMS will also earn a place in the libraries of semiconductor physicists seeking a one-stop reference for circuit integration and the practical application of microsystems.
Download or read book Signal written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
