Download or read book Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Preterm Brain written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Following Preterm Birth written by Anthony Richard Hart and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Survivors of preterm birth are at high risk of developing neuro-developmental difficulties, but accurate prognostication remains difficult. Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging can visualise subtle abnormalities in the cerebral white matter better than cranial ultrasound, and provide quantitative markers of brain development, such as apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWl), and metabolite levels from MR proton spectroscopy (MRS). The neuro-developmental significance of these markers is unclear. Eighty-one infants born under 35 weeks gestational age had MR imaging at term on a 1.5T MR scanner. DWl was obtained in 71 participants, MRS data from the anterior cerebral white matter in 36, and posteriorly in 41. Seventy-seven participants had neuro-developmental follow-up around 18 months corrected age. Review of the first 40 participants' images revealed low inter and intra-observer agreement on the presence of diffuse excessive high signal intensity (DEHSI). No differences in ADC, MRS or outcome scores were noted between participants with and without DEHSI. Overt abnormalities on MR imaging were associated with worse neuro-developmental outcome, but their predictive ability was comparable to cranial ultrasound. ADC values from the cerebral white matter, deep grey matter and cerebellum were not altered in participants with poor outcome. NAA/choline ratios from the posterior periventricular white matter were lower in participants who developed "severe" neuro-developmental difficulties. Combining a NAA/choline ratio of below 0.38 with the appearances of the brain on MR imaging improved its predictive ability. In conclusion, DEHSI, should not be assumed to represent pathology or used for prognostication. MR imaging is not justified in the routine management of preterm infants, and should not replace cranial ultrasound. However, low NAA choline ratios from the posterior periventricular white matter may prove an additional helpful tool in the identification of infants at risk of "severe" neuro-developmental difficulties.

Download or read book Computational Magnetic Resonance Image Analysis of Brain Development in the Preterm Infant written by Gareth Ball and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently 7-8% of all babies born in the UK are born preterm and the incidence has increased significantly over the past two decades. Improving medical care has led to increased survival in those born prematurely; however, preterm infants carry a profound risk of severe neurological disabilities along with a spectrum of major deficits across several domains including cognition, attention, coordination and behaviour. These wide-ranging and long-term consequences represent a significant burden to health and education services, yet the aetiology of the most prevalent cognitive and behavioural disorders remain unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging provides the means to quantitatively assess cerebral growth and development and is being increasingly employed to study the developing preterm brain. Evidence from neonatal imaging studies has revealed a number of specific cerebral alterations present in the preterm population that appear to predict neurodevelopmental outcome in early childhood and include diffuse microstructural disturbances of the developing white matter and regional volumetric tissue losses. In addition, a number of perinatal risk factors have been identified that are associated with both preterm birth and altered cerebral development. This thesis aims to test the hypothesis that connectivity and growth of developing neural systems are adversely affected by prematurity at birth and additionally influenced by specific perinatal risk factors. This is achieved through the application of multi-subject, multi-modal MRI analysis to quantify tissue microstructure and volume alongside novel methods for defining regional connectivity in the developing preterm brain. Evidence is provided that suggests connected neural structures are disturbed in preterm infants resulting in a complex pattern of regional micro- and macrostructural alteration that is evident at term- equivalent age and potentiated by respiratory morbidity. This is convergent with current theories of the mechanisms underpinning preterm brain injury and provides further insight into the consequences of preterm birth on brain development. 3.

Download or read book Quantitative MRI of the Brain written by Paul Tofts and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 'how to' manual of quantitative MR, essential for anyone who wants to use the gamut of modern quantitative methods to measure the effects of neurological diseases, its progression and its response to treatment. It is also designed for research-minded radiologists, neurologists and MRI physicists who are considering undertaking quantitative work, as well as those already in the field.

Download or read book Quantitative MRI of the Brain written by Mara Cercignani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on the success of the first edition of this book, the winner of the 2004 British Medical Association Radiology Medical Book Competition, Quantitative MRI of the Brain: Principles of Physical Measurement gives a unique view on how to use an MRI machine in a new way. Used as a scientific instrument it can make measurements of a myriad of physical and biological quantities in the human brain and body. For each small tissue voxel, non-invasive information monitors how tissue changes with disease and responds to treatment. The book opens with a detailed exposition of the principles of good practice in quantification, including fundamental concepts, quality assurance, MR data collection and analysis and improved study statistical power through minimised instrumental variation. There follow chapters on 14 specific groups of quantities: proton density, T1, T2, T2*, diffusion, advanced diffusion, magnetisation transfer, CEST, 1H and multi-nuclear spectroscopy, DCE-MRI, quantitative fMRI, arterial spin-labelling and image analysis, and finally a chapter on the future of quantification. The physical principles behind each quantity are stated, followed by its biological significance. Practical techniques for measurement are given, along with pitfalls and examples of clinical applications. This second edition of this indispensable 'how to' manual of quantitative MR shows the MRI physicist and research clinician how to implement these techniques on an MRI scanner to understand more about the biological processes in the patient and physiological changes in healthy controls. Although focussed on the brain, most techniques are applicable to characterising tissue in the whole body. This book is essential reading for anyone who wants to use the gamut of modern quantitative MRI methods to measure the effects of disease, its progression, and its response to treatment. Features: The first edition was awarded the book prize for Radiology by the British Medical Association in 2004 Written by an authority in the field: Professor Tofts has an international reputation for quantification in MRI Gives specific ‘how to’ information for implementation of MRI measurement sequence techniques

Download or read book Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord written by Julien Cohen-Adad and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-01-16 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord is the first book focused on quantitative MRI techniques with specific application to the human spinal cord. This work includes coverage of diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, relaxometry, functional MRI, and spectroscopy. Although these methods have been successfully used in the brain for the past 20 years, their application in the spinal cord remains problematic due to important acquisition challenges (such as small cross-sectional size, motion, and susceptibility artifacts). To date, there is no consensus on how to apply these techniques; this book reviews and synthesizes state-of-the-art methods so users can successfully apply them to the spinal cord. Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord introduces the theory behind each quantitative technique, reviews each theory’s applications in the human spinal cord and describes its pros and cons, and suggests a simple protocol for applying each quantitative technique to the spinal cord. Chapters authored by international experts in the field of MRI of the spinal cord Contains “cooking recipes —examples of imaging parameters for each quantitative technique—designed to aid researchers and clinicians in using them in practice Ideal for clinical settings

Download or read book Qualitative and Quantitative MR Imaging in Preterm Infants written by C. F. Hagmann and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite improved survival of extremely preterm infants within the last two decades, long term cognitive, motor and behavioural impairment remain a significant burden for preterm born children. Motor impairment includes cerebral palsy (CP) and minor motor dysfunction occurring in 5-10% and 40% of very preterm born children respectively. A meta-analysis showed that children born preterm might manifest moderate to severe deficits in academic achievement, attention problems, internalizing problems and poor executive functions. Recent neuroimaging studies have helped to understand the nature of brain injuries in preterm infants. Various brain lesions occur in preterm infants, most commonly white matter (WM) injury and accompanying neuronal/axonal deficits that involve the cerebral WM, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, brainstem and cerebellum. However, precise prediction of outcome with conventional MRI is to date lacking. Quantitative MR has been mainly used to show normal and abnormal brain development, however few studies have tried to correlate quantitative MR at term equivalent age with later neurodevelopmental outcome. A better understanding of the mechanisms leading to neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm born children is critical in order to develop and monitor neuroprotective strategies. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate whether quantitative MRI at term corrected age is more predictive than conventional MRI of neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants. 80 preterm infants born

Download or read book The Use of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Perinatal Brain Injury written by Shonit Punwani and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Pediatric Brain Imaging written by Hao Huang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-10-27 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Pediatric Brain Imaging: Methods and Applications presents state-of-the-art research on pediatric brain image acquisition and analysis from a broad range of imaging modalities, including MRI, EEG and MEG. With rapidly developing methods and applications of MRI, this book strongly emphasizes pediatric brain MRI, elaborating on the sub-categories of structure MRI, diffusion MRI, functional MRI, perfusion MRI and other MRI methods. It integrates a pediatric brain imaging perspective into imaging acquisition and analysis methods, covering head motion, small brain sizes, small cerebral blood flow of neonates, dynamic cortical gyrification, white matter tract growth, and much more. Presents state-of-the-art pediatric brain imaging methods and applications Shows how to optimize the pediatric neuroimaging acquisition and analysis protocols Illustrates how to obtain quantitative structural, functional and physiological measurements

Download or read book Quantitative MRI Analysis of Human Brain Development Following Pre and Perinatal Brain Injury written by Pamela Moses and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Christopher James Andrew Cowie and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Magnetic Resonance of Myelin Myelination and Myelin Disorders written by Jacob Valk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now considered the imaging modality of choice for the majority of disorders affecting the central nervous system. This is particularly true for gray and white matter disorders, thanks to the superb soft tis sue contrast in MRI which allows gray matter, unmyelinated, and myelinated white matter to be distinguished and their respective disorders identified. The pre sent book is devoted to the disorders of myelin and myelination. A growing amount of detailed in vivo information about myelin, myelination, and myelin dis orders has been derived both from MRI and from MR spectroscopy (MRS). This prompted us to review the clinical, laboratory, biochemical, and pathological data on this subject in order to integrate all available information and to provide im proved insights into normal and disordered myelin and myelination. We will show how the synthesis of all available information contributes to the interpretation of MR images. After a brief historical review about the increasing knowledge on myelin and my elin disorders, we propose a new classification of myelin disorders based on the subcellular localization of the enzymatic defects as far as the inborn errors of me tabolism are concerned. This classification serves as a guide throughout the book. All items of the classification will be discussed and, whenever relevant and possi ble, be illustrated by MR images.

Download or read book Stability of Measurement in Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging written by Jörg Polzehl and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-12 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses modelling and analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data of the human brain. For the data processing pipelines we rely on R, the software environment for statistical computing and graphics. The book is intended for readers from two communities: Statisticians, who are interested in neuroimaging and look for an introduction to the acquired data and typical scientific problems in the field and neuroimaging students, who want to learn about the statistical modeling and analysis of MRI data. Being a practical introduction, the book focuses on those problems in data analysis for which implementations within R are available. By providing full worked-out examples the book thus serves as a tutorial for MRI analysis with R, from which the reader can derive its own data processing scripts. The book starts with a short introduction into MRI. The next chapter considers the process of reading and writing common neuroimaging data formats to and from the R session. The main chapters then cover four common MR imaging modalities and their data modeling and analysis problems: functional MRI, diffusion MRI, Multi-Parameter Mapping and Inversion Recovery MRI. The book concludes with extended Appendices on details of the utilize non-parametric statistics and on resources for R and MRI data. The book also addresses the issues of reproducibility and topics like data organization and description, open data and open science. It completely relies on a dynamic report generation with knitr: The books R-code and intermediate results are available for reproducibility of the examples.

Download or read book Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound in Preterm Infants written by Maria Jose Miranda and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Neonatal Cranial Ultrasonography written by Gerda Meijler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book clearly explains the basics of cranial ultrasonography in the neonate, from patient preparation through to screening strategies and the classification of abnormalities. The aim is to enable the reader consistently to obtain images of the highest quality and to interpret them correctly. Essential information is provided both on the procedure itself and on the normal ultrasound anatomy. The standard technique is described and illustrated, and emphasis is placed on the value of supplementary acoustic windows. Attention is also drawn to maturational changes in the neonatal brain and to the limitations of cranial ultrasonography. Frequently occurring abnormalities are described and classifications for these abnormalities are provided. A new classification for neonatal cerebellar hemorrhages is introduced. In this third edition, all ultrasound images have beena replaced, reflecting the improvements in image quality. An entirely new chapter is devoted to Doppler ultrasonography. The illustrations have been improved and new illustrations were added. The reader will have access to highly informative videos on the cranial ultrasound procedure, available online via SpringerLink. The compact design of the book makes it an ideal and handy reference that will guide the novice in understanding the essentials of the technique while also providing useful information for the more experienced practitioner.

Download or read book MRI of the Neonatal Brain written by Mary A. Rutherford and published by Saunders Limited.. This book was released on 2002 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MRI OF THE NEONATAL BRAIN, 4TH EDITION provides a comprehensive and integrated approach to the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in neonatology. MRI is becoming increasingly available to clinicians and has been shown to have major advantages over ultrasound as an aid to diagnosis. MRI OF THE NEONATAL BRAIN, 4TH EDITION is divided into four major parts. Part I covers the technical aspects, explaining how MRI works and advising on how to achieve the best possible image with minimal sedation of the neonate. Part II illustrates the normal anatomy and development of the neonatal brain. Part III is a short section on the pathological processes underlying brain disorders in the neonate. Part IV, the largest section of the book, discusses the most common disorders seen in the newborn infant, and contains a series of case studies with discussions, questions and answers.