Download or read book Quantitative Application of 4D Seismic Data for Updating Thin reservoir Models written by Ilya Fursov and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Practical Applications of Time lapse Seismic Data written by David H. Johnston and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2013 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-lapse (4D) seismic technology is a key enabler for improved hydrocarbon recovery and more cost-effective field operations. This book shows how 4D data are used for reservoir surveillance, add value to reservoir management, and provide valuable insight on dynamic reservoir properties such as fluid saturation, pressure, and temperature.

Download or read book Quantitative Monitoring of Gas Injection Exsolution and Dissolution Using 4D Seismic written by Reza Falahat and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main concern in the monitoring of gas injection, exsolution and dissolution is the exact spatial distribution of the gas volumes in the subsurface. In principle, this concern is addressed by the use of 4D seismic data. However, it is recognised that the seismic response still largely provides a qualitative estimate of the moved subsurface fluids; exact quantitative evaluation of fluid distributions and associated saturations remains a challenge still to be solved. It is widely believed that a few percent of gas makes the pore fluid mixture very compressible, so that it cannot be distinguished from a more complete gas saturation using seismic techniques. However, because of the fact that a gas distribution viewed at the reservoir scale is distinctly different from that observed at the laboratory scale, conclusions from laboratory measurements may not, in fact, be wholly applicable. Indeed, it is found in this study that the main factor controlling the seismic response is gas thickness, whilst gas saturation per se remains approximately constant. Modelling studies show that, for thin reservoirs (less than tuning thickness), both timeshift and amplitude change attributes have a linear trend with gas volume. In theory, this conclusion does not apply to thick reservoirs, as the amplitude change then becomes non-linear. However, because thick reservoirs are normally combinations of intra reservoir sand and shale, it is anticipated that a linear amplitude response can still be expected in most reservoirs. Reservoir heterogeneity is observed to affect these results by less than 2%. In the modeling, a spurious deviation from linearity is evident with increasing simulation model cell size (especially the vertical dimension). The understanding above is applied to both timeshift and amplitude change attributes in a North Sea gas injection field. Here, seismic scale calibration coefficients are obtained by a volumetric method which aims to calculate gas volume maps using the 4D seismic attributes. The work reveals that the results from the two mapped attributes appear reasonably close but still have regions of disparity. Synthetic data based on the reservoir model and further analysis of the observed data have been able to replicate some of these differences and identify them as due to inter-layer wave interferences and 4D noise. Similar findings to the above also apply to gas exsolution, in which gas migrates after arriving at the critical gas saturation, and establishes two specific gas saturations in the ii reservoir: maximum gas saturation within the gas cap and critical or minimum gas saturation within the oil leg. On the other hand, for the reverse process, in which reservoir pressure builds up, it is noted that it is not only the fluid type that impacts the gas when it goes back into solution, but also other reservoir properties such as relative permeability curves, transmissibility, Kv/Kh, and the injection/production plan. The laboratory-proposed equations for calculation of solution gas oil ratio (Rs) and pressure dependency of the fluid and rock are found to be not directly valid in cases in which the reservoir pressure drops below the bubble point pressure. In this situation, gas evolves, migrates and alters the pressure dependency of the saturated rock and solution gas oil ratio. A compositional change of the gas and oil is found to occur with pressure drop. However, it is observed to have a negligible impact on the seismic domain. Finally, importance is drawn to the role of engineering principles when interpreting dynamic reservoir changes from 4D seismic data. In particular, it is found that, in clastic reservoirs, the principal parameters controlling mapped 4D signatures are not the pressure and saturation changes per se, but these changes scaled by the corresponding thickness (or pore volume) of the reservoir volume that these effects occupy. This understanding is validated both with numerical modelling and analytic calculation. This provides a basis for a linear equation that can readily and accurately be used to invert for pressure and saturation changes. The observed seismic data are then inverted for pressure and saturation changes using the principles above. The results show that the simulator does appear to predict the inverted seismic observations fairly accurately. However, there are also some noticeable differences which require some specific updates to the transmissibility multipliers (and hence barriers) and the net-to-gross distribution in the simulation model. This project reveals the ability of 4D seismic to quantitatively monitor the gas injection and exsolution, and highlights the fact that laboratory measures are not directly applicable at the reservoir scale. It can be concluded that the impact of the reservoir scale phenomena needs to be taken into account during time-lapse seismic interpretations.

Download or read book Fast History Matching of Time lapse Seismic and Production Data for High Resolution Models written by Eduardo Antonio Jimenez and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated reservoir modeling has become an important part of day-to-day decision analysis in oil and gas management practices. A very attractive and promising technology is the use of time-lapse or 4D seismic as an essential component in subsurface modeling. Today, 4D seismic is enabling oil companies to optimize production and increase recovery through monitoring fluid movements throughout the reservoir. 4D seismic advances are also being driven by an increased need by the petroleum engineering community to become more quantitative and accurate in our ability to monitor reservoir processes. Qualitative interpretations of time-lapse anomalies are being replaced by quantitative inversions of 4D seismic data to produce accurate maps of fluid saturations, pore pressure, temperature, among others. Within all steps involved in this subsurface modeling process, the most demanding one is integrating the geologic model with dynamic field data, including 4Dseismic when available. The validation of the geologic model with observed dynamic data is accomplished through a "history matching" (HM) process typically carried out with well-based measurements. Due to low resolution of production data, the validation process is severely limited in its reservoir areal coverage, compromising the quality of the model and any subsequent predictive exercise. This research will aim to provide a novel history matching approach that can use information from high-resolution seismic data to supplement the areally sparse production data. The proposed approach will utilize streamline-derived sensitivities as means of relating the forward model performance with the prior geologic model. The essential ideas underlying this approach are similar to those used for high-frequency approximations in seismic wave propagation. In both cases, this leads to solutions that are defined along "streamlines" (fluid flow), or "rays" (seismic wave propagation). Synthetic and field data examples will be used extensively to demonstrate the value and contribution of this work. Our results show that the problem of non-uniqueness in this complex history matching problem is greatly reduced when constraints in the form of saturation maps from spatially closely sampled seismic data are included. Further on, our methodology can be used to quickly identify discrepancies between static and dynamic modeling. Reducing this gap will ensure robust and reliable models leading to accurate predictions and ultimately an optimum hydrocarbon extraction.

Download or read book Multi scale Quantitative Diagenesis and Impacts on Heterogeneity of Carbonate Reservoir Rocks written by Fadi Henri Nader and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is both a review and a look to the future, highlighting challenges for better predicting quantitatively the impact of diagenesis on reservoir rocks. Classical diagenesis studies make use of a wide range of descriptive analytical techniques to explain specific, relatively time-framed fluid-rock interaction processes, and deduce their impacts on reservoir rocks. Future operational workflows will consist of constructing a conceptual diagenesis model, quantifying the related diagenetic phases, and modelling the diagenetic processes. Innovative approaches are emerging for applied quantitative diagenesis, providing numerical data that can be used by reservoir engineers as entry (input) data, and for validating results of numerical simulations. Geometry-based, geostatistical and geochemical modelling do not necessarily mimic natural processes, they rather provide reasonable solutions to specific problems.

Download or read book Insights and Methods for 4D Reservoir Monitoring and Characterization written by Rodney Calvert and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the application and impact of 4D monitoring for the oil and gas industry, along with requirements, modelling, and acquisition techniques to ensure good data acquisition and use in diagnosing reservoir production effects and updating reservoir simulation models; key lessons on measuring small production differences are highlighted.

Download or read book Fast History Matching of Time lapse Seismic and Production data for High Resolution Models written by Alvaro Rey Amaya and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic data have been established as a valuable source of information for the construction of reservoir simulation models, most commonly for determination of the modeled geologic structure, and also for population of static petrophysical properties (e.g. porosity, permeability). More recently, the availability of repeated seismic surveys over the time scale of years (i.e., 4D seismic) has shown promising results for the qualitative determination of changes in fluid phase distributions and pressure required for determination of areas of bypassed oil, swept volumes and pressure maintenance mechanisms. Quantitatively, and currently the state of the art in reservoir model characterization, 4D seismic data have proven distinctively useful for the calibration of geologic spatial variability which ultimately contributes to the improvement of reservoir development and management strategies. Among the limited variety of techniques for the integration of dynamic seismic data into reservoir models, streamline-based techniques have been demonstrated as one of the more efficient approaches as a result of their analytical sensitivity formulations. Although streamline techniques have been used in the past to integrate time-lapse seismic attributes, the applications were limited to the simplified modeling scenarios of two-phase fluid flow and invariant streamline geometry throughout the production schedule. This research builds upon and advances existing approaches to streamline-based seismic data integration for the inclusion of both production and seismic data under varying field conditions. The proposed approach integrates data from reservoirs under active reservoir management and the corresponding simulation models can be constrained using highly detailed or realistic schedules. Fundamentally, a new derivation of seismic sensitivities is proposed that is able to represent a complex reservoir evolution between consecutive seismic surveys. The approach is further extended to manage compositional reservoir simulation with dissolution effects and gravity-convective-driven flows which, in particular, are typical of CO2 transport behavior following injection into deep saline aquifers. As a final component of this research, the benefits of dynamic data integration on the determination of swept and drained volumes by injection and production, respectively, are investigated. Several synthetic and field reservoir modeling scenarios are used for an extensive demonstration of the efficacy and practical feasibility of the proposed developments.

Download or read book Joint Inversion of Production and Time lapse Seismic Data written by Amit Suman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-lapse seismic has evolved as an important diagnostic tool in efficient reservoir characterization and monitoring. Reservoir models, optimally constrained to seismic response, as well as flow response, can provide a better description of the reservoir and thus more reliable forecast. This dissertation focuses on different aspects of joint inversion of time-lapse seismic and production data for reservoir model updating, with application to the Norne field in the Norwegian Sea. This work describes a methodology for joint inversion of production and time-lapse seismic data, analyzes sensitive parameters in the joint inversion, identifies sensitive rock physics parameters for modeling time-lapse seismic response of a field and successfully applies and compares the family of particle swarm optimizers for joint inversion of production and time-lapse seismic data of the Norne field. The contributions from this research include a systematic workflow for joint inversion of time-lapse seismic and production data that can be and has been practically applied to a real field. Better reservoir models, constrained to both data will in turn lead to better reservoir forecasts and better field management. The first part of this thesis uses Norne field data to analyze sensitive parameters in joint inversion of production and time-lapse seismic data. An experimental design is performed on the parameters of the reservoir and seismic simulator. The results are used to rank the parameters in terms of sensitivity to production and time-lapse seismic data. At the same time it is shown that porosity/permeability models is not the most sensitive parameter for joint inversion of production and time-lapse seismic data of the Norne field. The parameters selected for study are porosity and permeability model, relative permeability, rock physics models, pore compressibility and fluid mixing. Results show that rock physics model has the most impact on time-lapse seismic whereas relative permeability is the most important parameter for production response. The results of this study are used in selecting the most important reservoir parameters for joint inversion of time-lapse seismic and production data of the Norne field. It is established that rock physics model is the most sensitive parameter for modeling time-lapse seismic of the Norne field, but there are rock physics parameters associated with rock physics model that impact time-lapse seismic modeling. So it is necessary to identify sensitive rock physics parameters for modeling time-lapse seismic response. Thus, the second part of this thesis identifies sensitive rock physics parameters in modeling time-lapse seismic response of Norne field. At first facies are classified based on well log data. Then sensitive parameters are investigated in the Gassmann's equation to generate the initial seismic velocities. The investigated parameters include mineral properties, water salinity, pore-pressure and gas-oil ratio (GOR). Next, parameter sensitivity for time-lapse seismic modeling of the Norne field is investigated. The investigated rock physics parameters are clay content, cement, pore-pressure and mixing. This sensitivity analysis helps to select important parameters for time-lapse (4D) seismic history matching which is an important aspect of joint inversion of production and time-lapse seismic of a field. Joint inversion of seismic and flow data for reservoir parameter is highly non-linear and complex. Local optimization methods may fail to obtain multiple history matched models. Recently stochastic optimization based inversion has shown very good results in the integration of time-lapse seismic and production data in reservoir history matching. Also, high dimensionality of the inverse problem makes the joint inversion of both data sets computationally expensive. High dimensionality of the inverse problem can be solved by using reduced order models. In this study, principal component bases derived from the prior is used to accomplish this. In the third part of the dissertation a family of particle swarm optimizers is used in combination with principal component bases for inversion of a synthetic data set. The performance of the different particle swarm optimizers is analyzed, both in terms of the quality of history match and convergence rate. Results show that particle swarm optimizers have very good convergence rate for a synthetic case. Also, these optimizers are used in combination with multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) to provide a set of porosity models whose simulated production and time-lapse seismic responses provide satisfactory match with the observed production and time-lapse seismic data. The goal of the last part is to apply the results of previous parts in joint inversion of production and time-lapse seismic data of the Norne field. Time-lapse seismic and production data of the Norne field is jointly inverted by varying the sensitive parameters identified in previous chapters and using different particle swarm optimizers. At first the time-lapse seismic surveys of the Norne field acquired in 2001 and 2004 is quantitatively interpreted and analyzed. Water was injected in the oil and gas producing Norne reservoir and repeat seismic surveys were conducted to monitor the subsurface fluids. The interpreted P-wave impedance change between 2001 and 2004 is used in the joint inversion loop as time-lapse seismic data. The application of different particle swarm optimizers provides a set of parameters whose simulated responses provide a satisfactory history match with the production and time-lapse seismic data of Norne field. It is shown that particle swarm optimizers have potential to be applied for joint inversion of the production and time-lapse seismic data of a real field data set.

Download or read book Reservoir Characterization Modeling and Quantitative Interpretation written by Shib Sankar Ganguli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-27 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reservoir Characterization, Modeling and Quantitative Interpretation: Recent Workflows to Emerging Technologies offers a wide spectrum of reservoir characterization techniques and technologies, focusing on the latest breakthroughs and most efficient methodologies in hydrocarbon exploration and development. Topics covered include 4D seismic technologies, AVAz inversion, fracture characterization, multiscale imaging technologies, static and dynamic reservoir characterization, among others. The content is delivered through an inductive approach, which will help readers gain comprehensive insights on advanced practices and be able to relate them to other subareas of reservoir characterization, including CO2 storage and data-driven modeling. This will be especially useful for field scientists in collecting and analyzing field data, prospect evaluation, developing reservoir models, and adopting new technologies to mitigate exploration risk. They will be able to solve the practical and challenging problems faced in the field of reservoir characterization, as it will offer systematic industrial workflows covering every aspect of this branch of Earth Science, including subsurface geoscientific perspectives of carbon geosequestration. This resource is a 21st Century guide for exploration geologists, geoscience students at postgraduate level and above, and petrophysicists working in the oil and gas industry. - Covers the latest and most effective technologies in reservoir characterization, including Avo analysis, AVAz inversion, wave field separation and Machine Learning techniques - Provides a balanced blend of both theoretical and practical approaches for solving challenges in reservoir characterization - Includes detailed industry-standard practical workflows, along with code structures for algorithms and practice exercises

Download or read book Introduction to Geological Uncertainty Management in Reservoir Characterization and Optimization written by Reza Yousefzadeh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-08 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores methods for managing uncertainty in reservoir characterization and optimization. It covers the fundamentals, challenges, and solutions to tackle the challenges made by geological uncertainty. The first chapter discusses types and sources of uncertainty and the challenges in different phases of reservoir management, along with general methods to manage it. The second chapter focuses on geological uncertainty, explaining its impact on field development and methods to handle it using prior information, seismic and petrophysical data, and geological parametrization. The third chapter deals with reducing geological uncertainty through history matching and the various methods used, including closed-loop management, ensemble assimilation, and stochastic optimization. The fourth chapter presents dimensionality reduction methods to tackle high-dimensional geological realizations. The fifth chapter covers field development optimization using robust optimization, including solutions for its challenges such as high computational cost and risk attitudes. The final chapter introduces different types of proxy models in history matching and robust optimization, discussing their pros and cons, and applications. The book will be of interest to researchers and professors, geologists and professionals in oil and gas production and exploration.

Download or read book Quantitative Reservoir Characterization Integrating Seismic Data and Geological Scenario Uncertainty written by Cheolkyun Jeong and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this dissertation is to characterize reservoir models quantitatively using seismic data and geological information. Its key contribution is to develop a practical workflow to integrate seismic data and geological scenario uncertainty. First, to address the uncertainty of multiple geological scenarios, we estimate the likelihood of all available scenarios using given seismic data. Starting with the probability given by geologists, we can identify more likely scenarios and less likely ones by comparing the pattern similarity of seismic data. Then, we use these probabilities to sample the posterior PDF constrained in multiple geological scenarios. Identifying each geological scenario in metric space and estimating the probability of each scenario given particular data helps to quantify the geological scenario uncertainty. Secondly, combining multiple-points geostatistics and seismic data in Bayesian inversion, we have studied some geological scenarios and forward simulations for seismic data. Due to various practical issues such as the complexity of seismic data and the computational inefficiency, this is not yet well established, especially for actual 3-D field datasets. To go from generating thousands of prior models to sampling the posterior, a faster and more computationally efficient algorithm is necessary. Thus, this dissertation proposes a fast approximation algorithm for sampling the posterior distribution of the Earth models, while maintaining a range of uncertainty and practical applicability. Lastly, the proposed workflow has been applied in an actual reservoir. The field, still in the early stage, has limited well data, seismic data, and some geological observations. Accordingly, the proposed workflow can guide several processes, from selecting geological scenarios to suggesting a set of models for decision makers. The case study, applied in a turbidite reservoir in West Africa, demonstrates the quantitative seismic reservoir characterization constrained to geological scenarios. It contains a well log study, rock physics modeling, a forward simulation for generating seismic responses, and object-based prior modeling. As the result, we could pick some promising geological scenarios and its geological parameters from seismic data using distance-based pattern similarity. Next, based on the selected geological scenarios, Metropolis sampler using Adaptive Spatial Resampling (M-ASR) successfully sampled the posterior conditioned to all available data and geological scenario uncertainty.

Download or read book Seismic Data Integration and Multi objective Optimization for 3D Reservoir Characterization and Model Building written by Mohammad Emami Niri and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated] Reservoir modeling is the practice of generating numerical representations of reservoir conditions and properties on the basis of geological, geophysical and engineering data measured on the Earth's surface or in depth at a limited number of borehole locations. Building an accurate reservoir model is a fundamental step of reservoir characterization and fluid flow performance forecasting, and has direct impact on reservoir management strategies, risk/uncertainty analyses and key business decisions. Seismic data, due to its high spatial resolution, plays a key role not only in defining the reservoir structure and geometry, but also in constraining the reservoir property variations. However, integration of 3D and time-lapse 4D seismic data into reservoir modeling and history matching processes poses a significant challenge due to the frequent mismatch between the initial reservoir model, the reservoir geology, and the pre-production seismic data. The key objective of this thesis is to investigate, develop and apply innovative solutions and methods to incorporate seismic data in the reservoir characterization and model building processes, and ultimately improve the consistency of the reservoir models with both geological and geophysical measurements. In this thesis we first analyze the issues that have a significant impact on the (mis)match of the initial reservoir model with well logs and 3D seismic data. These issues include the incorporation of various seismic constraints in reservoir property modeling, the sensitivity of the results to realistic noise in seismic data, and to geostatistical modeling parameters, and the uncertainties associated with quantitative integration of seismic data in reservoir property modeling. Inherent uncertainties and noise in real data measurements may result in conflicting geological and geophysical information for a given area; a realistic subsurface model can then only be produced by combining the datasets in some optimal manner. One approach to solving this problem is by joint inversion of the various geological and/or geophysical datasets. In this thesis we develop a new multi-objective optimization method to estimate subsurface geomodels using a stochastic search technique that allows a variety of direct and indirect measurements to simultaneously constrain the model. The main advantage of our method is its ability to define multiple objective functions for a variety of data types and constraints, and simultaneously minimize the data misfits. Using our optimization approach, the resulting models converge towards Pareto fronts (a set of best compromise model solutions). This approach is applicable in many Earth science disciplines: hydrology and ground water analyses, geothermal studies, exploration and recovery of fossil fuel energy resources, and CO2 geosequestration, among others.

Download or read book Updating the Simulation Model Using Dynamic Clusters Extracted from 4D Seismic Data written by Valeriy Rukavishnikov and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Practical Applications of Time lapse Seismic Data written by David Hervey Johnston and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-lapse (4D) seismic technology is a key enabler for improved hydrocarbon recovery and more cost-effective field operations. Practical Applications of Time-lapse Seismic Data (SEG Distinguished Instructor Series No. 16) shows how 4D seismic data are used for reservoir surveillance, how they provide valuable insight on dynamic reservoir properties such as fluid saturation, pressure, and temperature, and how they add value to reservoir management. The material, based on the 2013 SEG Distinguished Instructor Short Course, includes discussions of reservoir-engineering concepts and rock physics critical to the understanding of 4D data, along with topics in 4D seismic acquisition and processing. A primary focus of the book is interpretation and data integration. Case-study examples are used to demonstrate key concepts and are drawn on to demonstrate the range of interpretation methods currently employed by industry and the diversity of geologic settings and production scenarios in which 4D is making a difference. Time-lapse seismic interpretation is inherently integrative, drawing on geophysical, geologic, and reservoir-engineering data and concepts. As a result, this book should be of interest to individuals from all subsurface disciplines.

Download or read book Deep Sea Observation Equipment and Exploration Technology written by Shaowei Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-10-26 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Markov Chain Monte Carlo Algorithm Integrated 4D Seismic Reservoir Characterization and Uncertainty Analysis in a Bayesian Framework written by Tiancong Hong and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantitative Incorporation of 4D Seismic Data to Improve History Matching written by Kai Zhong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: