Download or read book Purchasing Power Parity Exchange Rates for the Global Poor written by Angus Deaton and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dollar a Day Revisited written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The article presents the first major update of the international $1 a day poverty line, proposed in World Development Report 1990: Poverty for measuring absolute poverty by the standards of the world's poorest countries. In a new and more representative data set of national poverty lines, a marked economic gradient emerges only when consumption per person is above about $2.00 a day at 2005 purchasing power parity. Below this, the average poverty line is $1.25, which is proposed as the new international poverty line. The article tests the robustness of this line to alternative estimation methods and explains how it differs from the old $1 a day line.
Download or read book What Determines Purchasing power Parity Exchange Rates written by Alan Gelb and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aggregation of Economic Indicators Across Countries written by Ms.Anne Marie Gulde and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1992-05 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relative GDP shares are frequently used as weights in aggregations. In order to ensure that these weights reflect countries’ shares in real output, GDP data in national currencies should be converted into a common numeraire currency at purchasing power parity (PPP) rates. A review of the empirical evidence on the relationship between exchange rates and prices suggests that market (or official) exchange rates are generally poor proxies for PPP rates. The paper examines the PPP-based GDP data generated by the International Comparison Program and compares aggregations with PPP- and exchange rate-based GDP weights.
Download or read book Aggregation of Economic Indicators Across Countries written by Anne Marie Gulde and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relative GDP shares are frequently used as weights in aggregations. In order to ensure that these weights reflect countries` shares in real output, GDP data in national currencies should be converted into a common numeraire currency at purchasing power parity (PPP) rates. A review of the empirical evidence on the relationship between exchange rates and prices suggests that market (or official) exchange rates are generally poor proxies for PPP rates. The paper examines the PPP-based GDP data generated by the International Comparison Program and compares aggregations with PPP- and exchange rate-based GDP weights.
Download or read book Purchasing Power Parities and the Size of World Economies written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-07-06 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Comparison Program (ICP) is a worldwide statistical initiative led by the World Bank under the auspices of the United Nations Statistical Commission. It produces comparable price and volume measures of gross domestic product (GDP) and its expenditure aggregates across economies. Through a partnership with international, regional, sub-regional and national agencies, the ICP collects price data and GDP expenditures to estimate purchasing power parities (PPPs) for the world’s economies. The report provides ICP results for the benchmark year 2017 and revised results for earlier years. ICP data are used for socio-economic analyses by researchers, academics, policy makers at the national and international levels, and by organizations such as the European Union, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the United Nations, and the World Bank. Notably, PPPs and ICP data are used in indicators monitoring progress towards eight goals of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the World Bank’s international poverty lines, and the construction of the Human Development Index by the United Nations, among others. The use of PPPs continues to grow and the ICP website (icp.worldbank.org) lists many applications of the data by the development community, academia, media and others.
Download or read book Debates on the Measurement of Global Poverty written by Sudhir Anand and published by Initiative for Policy Dialogue. This book was released on 2010 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together the most recent debates in the measurement of global poverty - a topic of the greatest importance if we are to develop effective strategies for poverty reduction and have any real sense of whether progress is being made towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.
Download or read book 2009 Purchasing Power Parity Update for Selected Economies in Asia and the Pacific written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2012-09-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the research initiative to explore an alternative methodology for extrapolating purchasing power parities (PPPs) for 21 participating economies in the Asia and Pacific region. The 2009 PPP Update provides an intermediate benchmark and more firmly based real expenditures and price level indexes for 2009 than would have been possible using the conventional extrapolation technique. The results include PPP-based gross domestic product and its major aggregates of actual final consumption; collective consumption expenditure by general government; gross fixed capital formation; changes in inventories and net acquisitions of valuables; and, balance of exports and imports.
Download or read book The Great Indian Poverty Debate written by Angus Deaton and published by MacMillan. This book was released on 2005 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the key papers in the Indian poverty debate, together with a new introduction that provides an overview and synthesis. The collection also contains some seminal papers that link the current debates to the earlier literature, as w
Download or read book Currencies Commodities and Consumption written by Kenneth W. Clements and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses economic issues associated with exchange rates, commodity prices, the economic size of countries and alternatives to PPP exchange rates.
Download or read book Purchasing Power Parity in Developing Countries written by Leonardo Cruz Basso and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article evaluates the long-term foreign exchange rate on the Purchasing Power Parity model in development countries. The tests were applied to seven countries in the Americas, eight countries in Africa, five in Asia, and five in the Middle East, using the United States as the reference country. To test the model, we used the consumer price index, the implicit GDP deflator, the wholesale price index, and the producer price index; the exchange rates were period-ending rates, for the period from 1965 to 2015, with annual frequency. We applied the Vector Error-Correction Model as a mechanism for correcting errors of the co-integration vectors, using STATA-14 software. Of the projections thereby produced, only four combinations corroborated the theory, therefore it is possible to say that we were unable to corroborate PPP.
Download or read book Measuring the Real Size of the World s Economy written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions"--T.p. verso.
Download or read book Global Poverty Estimates written by Shatakshee Dhongde and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review the recent empirical literature on global poverty, focusing on key methodological aspects. These include the choice of welfare indicator, poverty line and purchasing power parity exchange rates, equivalence scales, data sources, and estimation methods. We also discuss the importance of the intra-household resource allocation process in determining within-household inequalities and potentially influencing poverty estimates. Based on a sensitivity analysis of global poverty estimates to different methodological approaches, we show that existing figures vary markedly with the choice of data source for mean income or consumption used to scale relative distributions; and with the statistical method used to estimate income distributions from tabulated data.
Download or read book Eurostat OECD Methodological Manual on Purchasing Power Parities 2012 Edition written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2012-11-30 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual gives a complete, detailed and up-to-date description of the Eurostat-OECD PPP Programme, including its organisation, the various surveys carried out by participating countries and the ways PPPs are calculated and disseminated. It also provides guidance on the use of PPPs.
Download or read book A Tract on Monetary Reform written by John Maynard Keynes and published by Cosimo Classics. This book was released on 1923 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The long run is a misleading guide to current affairs. In the long run we are all dead." -John Maynard Keynes, A Tract on Monetary Reform (1923) A Tract on Monetary Reform (1923), by British economist John Maynard Keynes, is a masterly analysis of the world monetary situation at the beginning of the twentieth century. Keynes stated the importance of stable domestic prices and a stable currency for a strong economy, while arguing against the gold standard, which at that time was used for the US dollar and many other currencies. Britain abandoned the gold standard in 1931-after it had re-established it in 1925-and the United States abandoned the gold standard in 1933. A Tract on Monetary Reform is essential reading for anyone interested in Keynes' theories and for students of economics or economic history.
Download or read book Monitoring Global Poverty written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-11-28 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2013, the World Bank Group announced two goals that would guide its operations worldwide. First is the eradication of chronic extreme poverty bringing the number of extremely poor people, defined as those living on less than 1.25 purchasing power parity (PPP)†“adjusted dollars a day, to less than 3 percent of the world’s population by 2030.The second is the boosting of shared prosperity, defined as promoting the growth of per capita real income of the poorest 40 percent of the population in each country. In 2015, United Nations member nations agreed in New York to a set of post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the first and foremost of which is the eradication of extreme poverty everywhere, in all its forms. Both the language and the spirit of the SDG objective reflect the growing acceptance of the idea that poverty is a multidimensional concept that reflects multiple deprivations in various aspects of well-being. That said, there is much less agreement on the best ways in which those deprivations should be measured, and on whether or how information on them should be aggregated. Monitoring Global Poverty: Report of the Commission on Global Poverty advises the World Bank on the measurement and monitoring of global poverty in two areas: What should be the interpretation of the definition of extreme poverty, set in 2015 in PPP-adjusted dollars a day per person? What choices should the Bank make regarding complementary monetary and nonmonetary poverty measures to be tracked and made available to policy makers? The World Bank plays an important role in shaping the global debate on combating poverty, and the indicators and data that the Bank collates and makes available shape opinion and actual policies in client countries, and, to a certain extent, in all countries. How we answer the above questions can therefore have a major influence on the global economy.
Download or read book Research Study on Poverty specific Purchasing Power Parities for Selected Countries in Asia and the Pacific written by Asian Development Bank. Economics and Research Department and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
