Download or read book Pulse Shape Discrimination Studies in Liquid Argon for the DEAP 1 Detector written by Jeffrey Jack Lidgard and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detector with a target mass of 7 kg of liquid argon was designed, constructed and operated at Queen's University. This detector is a scaled model for the DEAP project toward a tonne-scale argon detector to search for the WIMP candidate of the so far undetected, dark matter of the universe. The primary intent of the scaled detector was to measure the achievable level to reject background events by use of pulse shape discrimination, being based upon the scintillation timing properties of liquid argon. After refining the apparatus and components, the detector was in operation from the 20th of August until the 16th of October 2007 before being moved to its current location in SNOLAB. During this time, a population of 31 million well-tagged gamma events were collected, of which 15.8 million were in the energy range of interest for calibration. This population was sufficient to demonstrate the discrimination of background events by pulse shape discrimination at the level of 6.3 x 10-8. An analytical model was constructed, based on the scintillation processes and detector response, and has been sufficiently investigated to make predictions of further achievable discrimination.
Download or read book An Assessment of the Science Proposed for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory DUSEL written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-03-02 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the big bang theory, our Universe began in a state of unimaginably high energy and density, contained in a space of subatomic dimensions. At that time, unlike today, the fundamental forces of nature were presumably unified and the particles present were interacting at energies not attainable by present-day accelerators. Underground laboratories provide the conditions to investigate processes involving rare phenomena in matter and to detect the weak effects of highly elusive particles by replicating similar environments to those once harnessed during the earliest states of the Earth. These laboratories now appear to be the gateway to understanding the physics of the grand unification of the forces of nature. Built to shield extremely sensitive detectors from the noise of their surroundings and the signals associated with cosmic rays, underground facilities have been established during the last 30 years at a number of sites worldwide. To date, the United States' efforts to develop such facilities have been modest and consist primarily of small underground laboratories. However, the U.S. underground community has pushed for larger underground facilities on the scale of major laboratories in other countries. An Assessment of the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) addresses this matter by evaluating the major physics questions and experiments that could be explored with the proposed DUSEL. Measuring the potential impact, this assessment also examines the broader effects of the DUSEL in regards to education and public outreach, and evaluates the need associated with developing U.S. programs similar to science programs in other regions of the world.
Download or read book Particle Dark Matter written by Gianfranco Bertone and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the dark matter problem in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology for graduate students and researchers.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Eyes on the Universe written by Stephen Webb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-19 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “New Eyes on the Universe – Twelve Cosmic Mysteries and the Tools We Need to Solve Them” gives an up-to-date broad overview of some of the key issues in modern astronomy and cosmology. It describes the vast amount of observational data that the new generation of observatories and telescopes are currently producing, and how that data might solve some of the outstanding puzzles inherent in our emerging world view. Included are questions such as: What is causing the Universe to blow itself apart? What could be powering the luminous gamma-ray bursters? Where is all the matter in the Universe? Do other Earths exist? Is there intelligent life out there? The renowned author explains clearly, without recourse to mathematics, why each question is puzzling and worthy of research. Included in the study of the wide range of sensitive and powerful instruments used by scientists to try and solve these problems are ones which capture electromagnetic radiation and ‘telescopes’ for cosmic rays, neutrinos, gravitational waves, and dark matter. This book discusses twelve areas of active astronomical research, ranging from the nature of dark energy to the existence or otherwise of extraterrestrial civilizations, and devotes one chapter to each topic. Although astronomers tackle each of these questions using information gleaned from all possible wavelengths and sources (and this is emphasized throughout the book), in this work the author dedicates each chapter to a particular observational method. One chapter covers X-ray telescopes for investigating black holes, while another uses infrared telescopes to learn more about planetary information.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Studies with a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber written by Michael Schenk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michael Schenk evaluates new technologies and methods, such as cryogenic read-out electronics and a UV laser system, developed to optimise the performance of large liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPC). Amongst others, the author studies the uniformity of the electric field produced by a Greinacher high-voltage generator operating at cryogenic temperatures, measures the linear energy transfer (LET) of muons and the longitudinal diffusion coefficient of electrons in liquid argon. The results are obtained by analysing events induced by cosmic-ray muons and UV laser beams. The studies are carried out with ARGONTUBE, a prototype LArTPC in operation at the University of Bern, Switzerland, designed to investigate the feasibility of drift distances of up to five metres for electrons in liquid argon.
Download or read book Noble Gas Detectors written by Elena Aprile and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-27 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the physical properties of noble fluids, operational principles of detectors based on these media, and the best technical solutions to the design of these detectors. Essential attention is given to detector technology: purification methods and monitoring of purity, information readout methods, electronics, detection of hard ultra-violet light emission, selection of materials, cryogenics etc. The book is mostly addressed to physicists and graduate students involved in the preparation of fundamental next generation experiments, nuclear engineers developing instrumentation for national nuclear security and for monitoring nuclear materials.
Download or read book The Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada written by Royal Astronomical Society of Canada and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Library catalogue in 1911" (31 p.) appended to v. 4.
Download or read book Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis written by Michael F. L'Annunziata and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 1420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authoritative reference providing the principles, practical techniques, and procedures for the accurate measurement of radioactivity.
Download or read book Adventures in Cosmology written by David Goodstein and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume tells of the quest for cosmology as seen by some of the finest cosmologists in the world. It starts with OC Galaxy Formation from Start to FinishOCO and ends with OC The First Supermassive Black Holes in the Universe, OCO exploring in between the grand themes of galaxies, the early universe, expansion of the universe, dark matter and dark energy. This up-to-date collection of review articles offers a general introduction to cosmology and is intended for all probing into the profound questions on where we came from and where we are going."
Download or read book Particle Physics Reference Library written by Christian W. Fabjan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020 with total page 1083 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access
Download or read book Particle Detectors written by Hermann Kolanoski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 949 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors as well as their applications. Detector development is an important part of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics, and through its applications in radiation imaging, it paves the way for advancements in the biomedical and materials sciences. Knowledge in detector physics is one of the required skills of an experimental physicist in these fields. The breadth of knowledge required for detector development comprises many areas of physics and technology, starting from interactions of particles with matter, gas- and solid-state physics, over charge transport and signal development, to elements of microelectronics. The book's aim is to describe the fundamentals of detectors and their different variants and implementations as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. While this comprehensive opus contains all the materials taught in experimental particle physics lectures or modules addressing detector physics at the Master's level, it also goes well beyond these basic requirements. This is an essential text for students who want to deepen their knowledge in this field. It is also a highly useful guide for lecturers and scientists looking for a starting point for detector development work.
Download or read book Characterization of Liquid Argon Response for the Direct Detection of Dark Matter written by Benjamin R. Schlitzer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nature of dark matter remains one of the most significant open questions in modern physics, despite the large body of astrophysical and cosmological evidence supporting its existence. The Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) is a well-motivated candidate particle with mass in the range 1 GeV/c2 - 100 TeV/c2 and coupling to Standard Model matter at or below the weak scale. If WIMPs do exist, they should occasionally interact with baryonic particles and leave behind a small amount of energy. DarkSide is a phased experimental program which aims to detect the interaction of a WIMP with a liquid argon target in a dual-phase time projection chamber (TPC). In order to make a WIMP discovery, an accurate understanding of the signal region is required. To this end, small-scale experiments which measure the detector response to a recoiling argon nucleus (NR) or scattering with atomic electrons (ER) are critical in establishing results of the large-scale direct detection experiments. The Argon Response to Ionization and Scintillation (ARIS) experiment was designed to characterize liquid argon's response to both NR and ER events at low recoil energies using a small dual-phase TPC. This work presents a complete chronology of the ARIS experiment and analysis of the collected data. A detailed description of the design of the ARIS TPC and related subsystems is given, as well as an account of the commissioning and calibration performed at the University of California, Los Angeles. The inverse-kinematics neutron source LICORNE was used at the Institute De Physique Nucléaire Orsay to bombard the ARIS TPC with collimated low energy neutrons. Neutron detectors surrounding the TPC were used to tag events which scattered in the TPC at selected angles, and the resulting data were used to characterize both NR and ER events at tightly constrained recoil energies. A description of the low-level reconstruction and data selection cuts is given, as well as corrections made due to trigger efficiency and vertical position in the TPC. ER data were analyzed to provide an improved measurement of the linearity of LAr light yield for incident [gamma]/[beta] particles with energies below 511 keV. ARIS measured a constant light yield to within 1.6% in the [41.5, 511] keV recoil energy range. The linearity of the ER scintillation response measured by ARIS has also been used to derive the spectral shape of forbidden 39Ar [beta] decay, which is a background intrinsic to liquid argon. The NR data were analyzed to measure the relative scintillation efficiency for recoils between [7.1, 117.8] keV, and were in good agreement with the previous SCENE results at low recoil energy. The DarkSide collaboration has used ARIS results to precisely model the response of nuclear recoils in liquid argon in both field-on and field-off configurations. In addition to the characterization of argon response, this work presents an optimization of the electric fields used to drift ionization electrons in DarkSide TPCs. The relevant electrostatics models used by COMSOL simulation software to approximate electric field behavior are described, as well as a technique developed to quantify field uniformity in the TPC. Then, the uniformity of the electric field is optimized for several possible TPC design changes, including the fiducial radius, the first shaping ring voltage, and the cross-sectional geometry of shaping rings. This work was supervised by Dr. Emilija Pantic, and was completed in collaboration with both members of the DarkSide collaboration as well as scientists at the University of California, Davis.
Download or read book Sensing Discrimination and Signal Processing and Superconducting Materials and Instrumentation written by R. W. Nichols and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics written by Tony M. Liss and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a conference that explores areas of common interest between nuclear physicists, high energy (particle) physicists, and astrophysicists. These areas range from studies of the strong interactions that bind the nuclei together, to physics of the very early Universe. They include such topics as the detailed behavior of neutrinos and searches for "new physics", that is phenomena that cannot be accounted for by our current theories.
Download or read book Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging written by Claus Grupen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-08 with total page 1251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.
