Download or read book Proteins Associated with Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Infection and Their Intracellular Location written by Merle Wesley Shockey and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cauliflower Mosaic Virus P6 Protein Interactions written by Lindy M. Lutz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), one of the top ten viruses from a molecular plant pathology standpoint, is a plant pararetrovirus whose 8 kb circular double-stranded DNA genome encodes 7 different proteins (P1-P7). CaMV P6, encoded by gene VI has been implicated in a variety of functions such as: translational transactivation, host range control, symptom formation, host hypersensitive responses, RNA silencing suppressor activity, inclusion body (IB) formation and virus infectivity. Because of its multifunctional nature, P6 interacts with many host, and viral proteins including itself. P6 self-association appears to involve four domains (D1-D4). D3 has been implicated in viral infectivity and contains two RNA binding domains, separated by a highly conserved 34 amino acid spacer called D3b. CaMV mutants harboring a deletion of D3b are non-infectious, indicating its importance for viral propagation. To further analyze D3b, full-length P6 constructs were generated that harbored single amino acid substitutions within this region. In general, the mutants bound less efficiently to the individual P6 domains than wild type. Mutations near the amino-terminal end of D3b had a more detrimental effect on self-association domain binding than those near the central portion. Since P6 is an IB protein, we hypothesized that mutations in D3b may influence IB formation. P6 IBs are thought to start out as small aggregations of protein (most likely P6) and ribosomes. They acquire additional materials (viral proteins and nucleic acids) to enlarge to form small bodies. Small bodies are then thought to fuse together to form larger, mature IBs. All mutant P6s formed IBs when expressed as green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions in transgenic cells. However, the mutant P6s that were most reduced in binding also showed decreased IB size. Hence, the mutations in D3b appear to affect the fusion of small IBs into larger ones. It is possible that IB size is important because it correlated with differences in virus host range. CaMV strain W260 has a much wider host range and more efficiently infects host plants when compared to the CM1841 isolated. Our most recent data show that CM1841 IBs are smaller than those formed by W260 P6. In addition, P6 mutants that showed decreased binding to self-association domains and smaller IB sizes also exhibited much lower total viral DNA levels in inoculated leaves. This was also reflected by systemic symptom formation. Hence, less efficient binding correlates with smaller IB size and reduced local and systemic infection for the mutants. Taken together, these data suggest that fusion of small IBs into larger ones is important for proper viral infections to occur and we have possibly identified mutants in this process. In addition, these data suggest that IB formation is required for viral infection rather than merely being a consequence of it. The CaMV genome encodes seven viral proteins including P6. P6 has been reported to interact with two other viral proteins in addition to itself. Therefore, we also examined P6 for its ability to interact with the other viral gene products. P6 was found to interact with the aphid transmission factor (P2), the virion-associated protein (P3), reverse transcriptase protein (P5), and the protein of unknown function (P7). P2 was previously reported to control the difference in IB stability between CM1841 and W260. Our data indicate that P2 from both viruses bound equally well to P6. The CM1841 P2 is less stable than its W260 counterpart. Taken together, this would suggest that the differences in IB stability for W260 and CM1841 mediated by P2 are due to variation in P2 protein stability rather than P6 binding. Binding of P6 to P3 could help the latter protein form complexes necessary for aphid transmission and virus cell-to-cell movement. P5 has a tri-partite structure with an N-terminal protease domain, a central reverse transcriptase (RT) and a C-terminal RNase H domain. Our pull-down results showed P6 could interact with full-length P5. Based on our preliminary pull-down analyses, P6 could bind inefficiently to the protease but more efficiently to the RT-RNase H (termed P5MC) portion of P5. Perhaps this interaction plays a role in P5 RT regulation. Interestingly, P5MC interactions with P5 showed a similar pattern to the P6 interactions. P5MC was able to self-associate well, but and interacted weakly with full-length P5 and the protease. P6 also interacted with P7, but the significance of this interaction is unknown. Perhaps P7 aids P6 in regulating an aspect of translational transactivation, but this is mere speculation. In addition, P6 can also interact with a variety of host factors. In collaboration with Dr. James Schoelz at the University of Missouri, we found three Arabidopsis proteins: CHUP1, C2CDMT, and FIT that interact with full-length P6. Interestingly, of the four domains involved in P6 self-association, only D2 and D4 bind to CHUP1 and C2CDMT. However, FIT was able to bind to all P6 self-association domains but best to D2. Given that it binds to other host factors, we might speculate that D2 of P6 maybe acts as a host interface domain. In summary P6 interacts with a large number of both viral and host proteins. P6 self-association is needed for proper IB formation and efficient infection. P6 interactions with each of the other viral proteins may be to modulate proper interactions of these proteins with their appropriate partners. Finally, P6 interactions with host factors may play a role in inhibiting host defenses, modulating systemic symptom formation, or mediating inter and intra cellular movement.

Download or read book CAMV Gene VI Protein written by Weichang Yu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gene VI protein (P6) of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) functions as a virulence factor in crucifers by eliciting a chlorosis symptom in infected plants. The ability to induce chlorosis has been associated previously with P6 through gene-swapping experiments between strains and through the analysis of transgenic plants that express P6. In this study, I characterized a variant of P6, derived from CaMV strain D4, which does not induce chlorosis upon transformation into Arabidopsis thaliana, and two other variants (W260 and CM1841) that induce strong chlorosis and stunting. The asymptomatic D4 P6 was proven to be fully functional. This work demonstrated that the virulence function of CaMV P6 was not related to its function as a Translational Transactivator (TAV), it also had implications for the CaMV gene expression strategies, and enabled us to analyze the functions of other CaMV genes not related to P6 in the disease expression. To characterize the host response to the CaMV P6, I profiled the host global gene expression in both the symptomatic W260 P6 and the asymptomatic D4 P6 transgenic Arabidopsis by a cDNA microarray. The microarray analysis revealed that the expression of 69 genes was affected by the more virulent W260 P6, whereas the expression of only 22 genes was affected by the D4 P6 in transgenic Arabidopsis. In general, genes involved in transcription, translation and stress response were induced, whereas genes involved in photosynthesis, hormone response, metabolism, and transport were suppressed in transgenic plants that expressed W260 P6. A cluster analysis coupled with a search of upstream regions of clustered genes, revealed two putative transcription factor binding motifs that may function in the induction of stress responses in transgenic plants that express P6. To visualize the subcellular location of CaMV P6, the GFP gene was fused to the C-terminus of P6 of the CaMV W260 isolate (G6GFP). The G6GFP fusion protein was able to form fluorescent inclusion bodies when expressed in agroinfiltrated N. edwardsonii leaves and in transgenic Arabidopsis. Furthermore, G6GFP appeared to have full TAV activity in an agroinfiltration assay. However, the G6GFP did not elicit HR in agroinfiltrated N. edwardsonii or elicit virus-like symptoms in transgenic Arabidopsis, likely due to the instability of the G6GFP transcript. Preliminary experiments indicated that co-infiltration of the wild type W260 P6 construct with pG6GFP could stabilize the G6GFP transcript.

Download or read book Comprehensive and Molecular Phytopathology written by Yuri Dyakov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-01-09 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a collection of information on successive steps of molecular ‘dialogue’ between plants and pathogens. It additionally presents data that reflects intrinsic logic of plant-parasite interactions. New findings discussed include: host and non-host resistance, specific and nonspecific elicitors, elicitors and suppressors, and plant and animal immunity. This book enables the reader to understand how to promote or prevent disease development, and allows them to systematize their own ideas of plant-pathogen interactions. * Offers a more extensive scope of the problem as compared to other books in the market* Presents data to allow consideration of host-parasite relationships in dynamics and reveals interrelations between pathogenicity and resistance factors* Discusses beneficial plant-microbe interactions and practical aspects of molecular investigations of plant-parasite relationships* Compares historical study of common and specific features of plant immunity with animal immunity

Download or read book Arabidopsis written by Detlef Weigel and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana is increasingly popular among plant scientists: it is small, easy to grow, and makes flowers, and the sequence of its small and simple genome was recently completed. This is the most complete and authoritative laboratory manual to be published on this model organism and the first to deal with genomic and proteomic approaches to its biology.

Download or read book Natural and Engineered Resistance to Plant Viruses written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-11-03 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viruses are a huge threat to agriculture. In the past, viruses used to be controlled using conventional methods, such as crop rotation and destruction of the infected plants, but now there are more novel ways to control them. This volume focuses on natural and engineered virus resistance, the two major strategies used for crop protection. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

Download or read book Virus Insect Plant Interactions written by Kerry F. Harris and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-10-16 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Virus-Insect-Plant Interactions, the world's leading scientists discuss the latest breakthroughs in understanding the biological and ecological factors that define these complex transmission systems and how this knowledge might be used to our advantage in producing innovative, user and environmentally friendly approaches to controlling the spread of plant pathogens by insects. This is an invaluable reference work for researchers, teachers, and students. There are many quick-reference figures and tables, the contents pages include individual chapter abstracts, and each chapter ends with its own bibliography. Presents the most significant research breakthroughs of the past two decades Contains eighteen chapters by forty-two world-renowned researchers Invaluable reference work for researchers, teachers and students Each chapter ends with its own bibliography Contents pages of forematter include individual chapter abstracts Contains many quick-reference figures and tables

Download or read book Plant Virology written by Roger Hull and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 1119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The seminal text Plant Virology is now in its fifth edition. It has been 10 years since the publication of the fourth edition, during which there has been an explosion of conceptual and factual advances. The fifth edition of Plant Virology updates and revises many details of the previous edition while retaining the important earlier results that constitute the field's conceptual foundation. Revamped art, along with fully updated references and increased focus on molecular biology, transgenic resistance, aphid transmission, and new, cutting-edge topics, bring the volume up to date and maintain its value as an essential reference for researchers and students in the field. Thumbnail sketches of each genera and family groups Genome maps of all genera for which they are known Genetic engineered resistance strategies for virus disease control Latest understanding of virus interactions with plants, including gene silencing Interactions between viruses and insect, fungal, and nematode vectors Contains over 300 full-color illustrations

Download or read book Plant Resistance to Viruses written by David Evered and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concern about the environmental consequences of the widespread use of pesticides has increased, and evidence of pesticide-resistant virus vectors have continued to emerge. This volume presents a timely survey of the mechanisms of plant resistance and examines current developments in breeding for resistance, with particular emphasis on advances in genetic engineering which allow for the incorporation of viral genetic material into plants. Discusses the mechanisms of innate resistance in strains of tobacco, tomato, and cowpea; various aspects of induced resistance, including the characterization and roles of the pathogenesis-related proteins; antiviral substances and their comparison with interferon; and cross-protection between plant virus strains. Also presents several papers which evaluate the status of genetic engineering as it relates to breeding resistant plants. Among these are discussions of the potential use of plant viruses as gene vectors, gene coding for viral coat protein, satellite RNA, and antisense RNA, and practical issues such as the durability of resistant crop plants in the field.

Download or read book Matthews Plant Virology written by Richard Ellis Ford Matthews and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 1084 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been ten years since the publication of the third edition of this seminal text on plant virology, during which there has been an explosion of conceptual and factual advances. The fourth edition updates and revises many details of the previous editon, while retaining the important older results that constitute the field's conceptual foundation. Key features of the fourth edition include: * Thumbnail sketches of each genera and family groups * Genome maps of all genera for which they are known * Genetic engineered resistance strategies for virus disease control * Latest understanding of virus interactions with plants, including gene silencing * Interactions between viruses and insect, fungal, and nematode vectors * New plate section containing over 50 full-color illustrations.

Download or read book Current Research Topics in Plant Virology written by Aiming Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-07 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics covered in this book include RNA silencing and its suppression in plant virus infection, virus replication mechanisms, the association of cellular membranes with virus replication and movement, plant genetic resistance to viruses, viral cell-to-cell spread, long distance movement in plants, virus induced ER stress, virus diversity and evolution, virus-vector interactions, cross protection, geminiviruses, negative strand RNA viruses, viroids, and the diagnosis of plant viral diseases using next generation sequencing. This book was anticipated to help plant pathologists, scholars, professors, teachers and advanced students in the field with a comprehensive state-of-the-art knowledge of the subject.

Download or read book Natural Resistance Mechanisms of Plants to Viruses written by Gad Loebenstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-26 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a first attempt to link well-known plant resistance phenomena with emerging concepts in molecular biology. Resistance phenomena such as the local lesion response, induced resistance, "green islands" and resistance in various crop plants are linked with new information on gene-silencing mechanisms, gene silencing suppressors, movement proteins and plasmodesmatal gating, downstream signalling components, and more.

Download or read book Structure and Physics of Viruses written by Mauricio G. Mateu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contemplates the structure, dynamics and physics of virus particles: From the moment they come into existence by self-assembly from viral components produced in the infected cell, through their extracellular stage, until they recognise and infect a new host cell and cease to exist by losing their physical integrity to start a new infectious cycle. (Bio)physical techniques used to study the structure of virus particles and components, and some applications of structure-based studies of viruses are also contemplated. This book is aimed first at M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers with a university degree in biology, chemistry, physics or related scientific disciplines who share an interest or are actually working on viruses. We have aimed also at providing an updated account of many important concepts, techniques, studies and applications in structural and physical virology for established scientists working on viruses, irrespective of their physical, chemical or biological background and their field of expertise. We have not attempted to provide a collection of for-experts-only reviews focused mainly on the latest research in specific topics; we have not generally assumed that the reader knows all of the jargon and all but the most recent and advanced results in each topic dealt with in this book. In short, we have attempted to write a book basic enough to be useful to M.Sc and Ph.D. students, as well as advanced and current enough to be useful to senior scientists with an interest in Structural and/or Physical Virology.

Download or read book Multiplication of RNA Plant Viruses written by Chundi L. Mandahar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-05 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemical studies on plant virus RNA replication have advanced considerably since 2000, primarily because of new genetic, molecular, biochemical, and enzymatic studies. This book generates understanding of multiplication of plus-sense RNA plant viruses, especially at molecular level. Certain virus-encoded essential proteins, nucleotide sequence motifs, and RNA secondary structures are central to virus RNA replication, which has a number of stages. Each is a complex phenomenon requiring specific factors and conditions.

Download or read book Molecular Biology of Bamboo Mosaic Virus A Type Member of the Potexvirus Genus written by Yau-Heiu Hsu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-04-06 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The flexible filamentous plant viruses are responsible for more than half of all agricultural loss worldwide. Potexvirus is one of the two most important flexible filamentous plant viruses. Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV), a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, is a member of the Potexvirus genus of Alphaflexiviridae. It can infect at least 12 species of bamboo, causing a huge economic impact on the bamboo industry in Taiwan. The study of BaMV did not start extensively until the completion of the full-length sequencing of genomic RNA of BaMV and generation of the BaMV infectious cDNA clone in the early 1990s. Since then, BaMV has been extensively studied at the molecular, cellular and ecological level, covering both basic and applied researches, by a group of researchers in Taiwan. In this eBook, the content comprises 6 reviews and 4 articles. Seven of them are involved in the infection of BaMV covering viral RNA replication, viral RNA trafficking, and the host factors. Two of them are related to the vector transmission and the ecology of BaMV. The last one is the application of using BaMV as a viral vector to produce vaccines in plants.

Download or read book Handbook of Plant Virus Diseases written by Dragoljub D. Sutic and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-06-15 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Plant Virus Diseases presents basic information about viral-caused and viral-like diseases in many cultivated crops. The editors, internationally known plant pathologists, provide authoritative descriptive symptomatic signatures of virus diseases, to aid in the diagnosis and possible control of viruses. This handbook organizes cultivated plants into groups according to their final destinations and uses after harvest-a useful grouping system that indicates that some diseases, their resultant epidemiology, and control measures are characteristic within different groups.

Download or read book Plasmodesmata written by Aart J.E. van Bel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasmodesmata are minuscule plasma corridors between plant cells which are of paramount importance for transport, communication and signalling between cells. These nano-channels are responsible for the integrated action of cells within tissues and for the subdivision of the plant body into working symplast units. This book updates the wealth of new information in this rapidly expanding field. Reputed workers in the field discuss major techniques in plasmodesmatal research and describe recent discoveries on the ultrastructure, the functioning and the role of plasmodesmata in intracellular transport and communication, in cell differentiation, plant development and virus translocation.