Download or read book Protecting Yourself from Emotional Predators written by Steven J Wolhandler and published by . This book was released on 2019-01-09 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steven Wolhandler, JD, MA, LPC knows how abusive and manipulative people prey on the emotions of good people - and how good people can protect themselves. He offers a radically different view of these Emotional Predators and provides practical effective solutions. For Emotional Predators, life is a strategy game to dominate and control, and you are either a player to be defeated or a game piece to be used. Without empathy or remorse, they'll ruin your life, and traditional approaches will make things worse. You'll learn 5 essential steps for protecting yourself, valuable guidance for safe relationships and over 30 specific defensive tactics for: * Distinguishing romance from intimacy* Restoring your self-esteem* Removing your emotional triggers* Using gratitude and humor* Playing their games better than they do - without becoming like them* Screening professionals to be sure they can help* Regaining control in family court* Breaking an addiction to an Emotional Predator * Re-balancing power in your favor* Adjusting beliefs that keep you trapped* Responding strategically, instead of reacting emotionally
Download or read book Protecting Yourself From Emotional Predators written by Jean Laumann and published by . This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting Yourself from Emotional Predators: Neutralize the Users, Abusers, and Manipulators Hidden Among Us Steven Wolhandler, JD, MA, LPC knows how abusive and manipulative people prey on the emotions of good people - and how good people can protect themselves. He offers a radically different view of these Emotional Predators and provides practical effective solutions. For Emotional Predators, life is a strategy game to dominate and control, and you are either a player to be defeated or a game piece to be used. Without empathy or remorse, they'll ruin your life, and traditional approaches will make things worse. You'll learn 5 essential steps for protecting yourself, valuable guidance for safe relationships, and over 30 specific defensive tactics for: Distinguishing romance from intimacy Restoring your self-esteem Removing your emotional triggers Using gratitude and humor Playing their games better than they do - without becoming like them Screening professionals to be sure they can help
Download or read book How To Protect Yourself From Predators written by Venessa Collons and published by . This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting Yourself from Emotional Predators: Neutralize the Users, Abusers, and Manipulators Hidden Among Us Steven Wolhandler, JD, MA, LPC knows how abusive and manipulative people prey on the emotions of good people - and how good people can protect themselves. He offers a radically different view of these Emotional Predators and provides practical effective solutions. For Emotional Predators, life is a strategy game to dominate and control, and you are either a player to be defeated or a game piece to be used. Without empathy or remorse, they'll ruin your life, and traditional approaches will make things worse. You'll learn 5 essential steps for protecting yourself, valuable guidance for safe relationships, and over 30 specific defensive tactics for: Distinguishing romance from intimacy Restoring your self-esteem Removing your emotional triggers Using gratitude and humor Playing their games better than they do - without becoming like them Screening professionals to be sure they can help
Download or read book Abusive Predator written by Jewel Wene and published by . This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting Yourself from Emotional Predators: Neutralize the Users, Abusers, and Manipulators Hidden Among Us Steven Wolhandler, JD, MA, LPC knows how abusive and manipulative people prey on the emotions of good people - and how good people can protect themselves. He offers a radically different view of these Emotional Predators and provides practical effective solutions. For Emotional Predators, life is a strategy game to dominate and control, and you are either a player to be defeated or a game piece to be used. Without empathy or remorse, they'll ruin your life, and traditional approaches will make things worse. You'll learn 5 essential steps for protecting yourself, valuable guidance for safe relationships, and over 30 specific defensive tactics for: Distinguishing romance from intimacy Restoring your self-esteem Removing your emotional triggers Using gratitude and humor Playing their games better than they do - without becoming like them Screening professionals to be sure they can help
Download or read book Psychological Self Defense written by Chuck O'Neill and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Want to protect yourself from predators before they attack? Want to get the edge over the common criminals, con artists and sociopaths that you come across in everyday life?Want to know the typical signs that precede violence - so you can protect your family by getting them out quickly?Want to know how to de-escalate a tense situation and avoid a physical confrontation? You can - with the skills you'll learn in Psychological Self-Defense, written by a black belt martial artist, self-defense teacher and former certified bodyguard.In this book you'll learn:” How to defend yourself from both physical and emotional predators – without ever having to throw a punch” How to spot the most common 'red flag' signs of trouble brewing – so you can get out before the trouble starts” How to read others' body language - so you can spot peoples' hidden hostile intentions towards you” How to become a human 'lie detector' – so you can tell when people are trying to con or manipulate you” How to avoid becoming a victim by 'failing' the predator interview” How to know what kind of attacker you're dealing with – so you can tailor your defense accordingly” How to use your own body language to turn predators off – and make them run the other way” How to protect yourself against psychological predators - the people who lie to you, manipulate you and slowly poison your life with their mind games and emotional blackmail” How to de-escalate a confrontation using little-known verbal and visual tricks” How to use boundaries to protect yourself from the common, criminal riff-raff that comes sniffing around you every day” How to identify emotionally disturbed predators like psychopaths and narcissists before they have a chance to destroy your life and suck you dry” How to tap into your inner warrior - so you feel safer and more confident in any situation you face” What to do if you get taken by surprise in a physical confrontation - to ensure you still get out aliveThis book will help you develop the skills you need to stop yourself from becoming a victim of both emotional and physical predators. It will help you feel more confident and safe in your everyday life. It's ideal for both martial artists and for those who don't have the time to take a self defense or martial arts class. If you're looking to protect yourself and your family - learn the psychological skills you need to spot, avoid and defend yourself from predators before they attack!About the Authors:Chuck O'Neill is a personal protection specialist, black belt martial artist and former certified bodyguard. He is the owner of Revolution Wing Chun in Toronto, Ontario Canada and regularly speaks to groups on personal protection and psychological self-defense.To learn more about Chuck, visit his website at www.SifuChuck.comKate O'Neill has a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Toronto in Psychology and Human Behavior. She is a certified body language expert and educates people on how to use body language to improve everything from sales to their dating lives. To learn more about Kate, visit her website at www.BodyLanguageMatters.com
Download or read book Emotional Self Defense Against Emotional Predators written by Shanta Pearson and published by . This book was released on 2013-04 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A predator stalks the singles scene, looking to trick hopeless romantics and wreak emotional havoc... As the name suggests, emotional predators use emotional manipulation to mislead vulnerable and lonely souls, and these romantic swindlers have escaped the spotlight for far too long. Most everyone has experienced the pain of a broken heart, but when you are a victim of deliberate emotional manipulation, the heartache is that much more intense. Emotional Self-Defense Against Emotional Predators will help you arm yourself against emotional con artists. Learn how to stave off the assaults against your heart, sharpen your mental perception, and be ready to date again in as little as three weeks!
Download or read book Manipulation Body Language Dark Psychology written by Simon Braiker and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-03 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do you want to know how to protect yourself from manipulation?Are you ready to master your mind and body language? Recognizing that you are a victim of coercion and manipulation is important. If you can achieve this, then you are on your way to resolving the problem. By reading books such as this one, you will come to realize that you do have the power to change the situation. Being a victim of manipulation is very intimidating. It makes you feel powerless because you don't have the confidence to stand up to the perpetrator. It is hurtful and emotionally draining, causing many to become socially reclusive. Learn how to turn away from people who might try to make you do things you don't want to do. Never become such a victim ever again. This is a book that will show you the way to take yourself forward, with the tips provided. First, learn what a manipulative person is all about. Then learn about "yourself." Who "you" really are? How "you" can find the courage to take charge of "your" life. Know the manipulator and know yourself. How can a book sort out your life? Well, this one is going to show you how to identify manipulative individuals. They often have certain characteristics that stand out. It will guide you into becoming a stronger person. Once you are that person, you will be able to confront this issue and resolve it once and for all. Learn how to break that cycle of unhappiness. With proven psychological processes to refer to, it will help you understand the science of manipulation. See how to break free from any manipulative person who happens to pass through your life. This book can turn your life around, guiding you into making the right choices; in a sense, how to manipulate the manipulator. Don't keep putting it off. Every day that you delay is another day of NOT being in control! This book will show you how the world we live in is manipulating the way we see and perceive things. You may ask yourself if it's possible to be manipulated by the TV shows you watch? This book will give you these answers. In order to live a harmonious life, it is essential that we are becoming persuasive individuals who know what we want. Not only that, but it is important to ensure we have the tools to understand how to get these things. This book will show you: Manipulation and Dark Psychology Difference between Manipulation and Persuasion The Dark Triad Manipulator's Behavioral and Character traits Mind control and Mind Game Profile of a Manipulator in details How to deal with a manipulator? Are manipulators aware of their actions Emotional manipulation in a relationship What manipulators tend to do? Manipulation tactics Favorite victims Body Language Secrets to Protect Yourself These techniques are simply tools-tools that allow you to control people, often without their knowledge. Others know of these techniques and use them against people at great personal risk. Use this information cautiously or you may suffer the consequences. Each chapter dives deep into one topic. No fluff! I get straight to the point with examples and practical tips about how these techniques are used. Would You Like to Know More? Scroll to the top of the page and select the BUY NOW Button
Download or read book Manipulation and Dark Psychology written by Robert Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2020-11-06 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is someone close to you a manipulator, and you've been thinking of escaping their dreadful claws?And are you tired of being preyed on by emotional predators and manipulators and wish to learn the art of dark psychology and protect yourself fully?If so, then you came to the right place! You Are About To Discover The Inner World Of Manipulation, Broken Down In A Language That Will Open Your Eyes! If you've been asking questions like... What can you do to stop being manipulated? How does one predict behavior to have the upper hand in conversations and engagements? How do manipulators think? How does manipulation work? How can learning dark psychology improve your life? And many related questions, this guide is for you, as it offers you all the ins and outs of dark psychology and manipulation to help you protect yourself from manipulators. Here's a tiny bit of what you'll discover: What dark psychology is What emotional manipulation entails, including the tactics and characteristics of manipulation victims Why non-verbal communication is essential, and the different types of non-verbal communication Different stages of the development of manipulation How to spot manipulators and emotional predators How emotional manipulation shows up in a relationship How to use dark persuasion to improve your life ...And much more! Yes, besides offering self-protection, this book will empower you with the skills of dark psychology to improve your emotional and mental health and other aspects of your life, including your career. Click the "Buy Now" button and get your copy!
Download or read book An Essential Book On Psychological Warfare written by Nettie Gibbard and published by . This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are you tired of being prey to emotional predators and manipulators and want to learn the art of dark psychology in order to fully protect yourself? Is someone close to you a manipulator and have you thought about escaping their terrible claws? What kind of traits do malicious and exploitative people have? What are the psychological drives that lead people to act in ways that are contrary to social norms and harmful to others? In this psychological warfare book, you will discover: - What Sun Tzu and Machiavelli can teach you to destroy your enemies. - How to spot dark personalities and how to defend yourself from their influence. - The psychology of deception, influence and domination. - The art of blackmail and manipulation. - How brainwashing works in sects, organisations and brands. And so much more! Pick up your copy today by clicking the 'Buy Now with 1-Click' button at the top of this page!
Download or read book Way To Stop Being Manipulated written by Marci Jarzombek and published by . This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are you tired of being prey to emotional predators and manipulators and want to learn the art of dark psychology in order to fully protect yourself? Is someone close to you a manipulator and have you thought about escaping their terrible claws? What kind of traits do malicious and exploitative people have? What are the psychological drives that lead people to act in ways that are contrary to social norms and harmful to others? In this psychological warfare book, you will discover: - What Sun Tzu and Machiavelli can teach you to destroy your enemies. - How to spot dark personalities and how to defend yourself from their influence. - The psychology of deception, influence and domination. - The art of blackmail and manipulation. - How brainwashing works in sects, organisations and brands. And so much more! Pick up your copy today by clicking the 'Buy Now with 1-Click' button at the top of this page!
Download or read book Unmasking Dark Psychology written by David Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2024-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thorough manual "Unmasking Dark Psychology: Understanding Manipulation and Influence: Protecting Yourself from Psychological Predators" explores the complex field of dark psychology and gives readers insight into the strategies psychological predators employ to control and sway others. Readers have a deeper grasp of the psychological dynamics driving coercion and manipulation through case studies, real-life examples, and expert analysis. The first section of the book delves into the historical foundations and progression of dark psychology, charting its evolution through time and analyzing the essential features and attributes linked to dark personalities. In addition to learning how to spot the tell-tale symptoms of compulsion and manipulation, readers also get practical tactics for defending against psychological predators. Utilizing perspectives from criminology, psychology, and neuroscience, the book explores the strategies and methods employed by manipulators, such as fear-mongering, guilt-tripping, and gaslighting. Readers gain a better understanding of the moral dilemmas associated with persuasion and manipulation as well as how to balance honesty with persuasion and respect for other people's autonomy. In the end, "Unmasking Dark Psychology" gives readers the knowledge and resources they need to identify and reject manipulation, enabling them to take charge of their lives and relationships. Through the development of critical thinking, emotional intelligence, and assertiveness skills, readers acquire the ability to effectively negotiate the intricacies of interpersonal dynamics and establish more equitable and healthy relationships.
Download or read book Dark Psychology And Manipulation written by Arlie Thorsen and published by . This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are you tired of being prey to emotional predators and manipulators and want to learn the art of dark psychology in order to fully protect yourself? Is someone close to you a manipulator and have you thought about escaping their terrible claws? What kind of traits do malicious and exploitative people have? What are the psychological drives that lead people to act in ways that are contrary to social norms and harmful to others? In this psychological warfare book, you will discover: - What Sun Tzu and Machiavelli can teach you to destroy your enemies. - How to spot dark personalities and how to defend yourself from their influence. - The psychology of deception, influence and domination. - The art of blackmail and manipulation. - How brainwashing works in sects, organisations and brands. And so much more! Pick up your copy today by clicking the 'Buy Now with 1-Click' button at the top of this page!
Download or read book Toxic People written by Keith Sam and published by . This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Only those who have been in a toxic relationship can explain the level of pain, frustration, and emotional abuse that comes with it. However, individuals who have never experienced a toxic relationship before can prepare themselves, so they don't find themselves in one. Many victims in toxic relationships experience constant emotional abuse, which wears on their self-esteem down the line. In worse situations, this abuse becomes physical. They also experience gaslighting, manipulation, name-calling, financial and mental abuse and more. These are the universal tools of the toxic partner. Many victims with toxic partners get abused to the extent that abuse becomes a norm for them. Their toxic partners break them down in every manner until they become a shadow of their former selves. Now, as a result of the abuse the victims go through, many of them are conditioned to believe they can't find happiness anywhere else. They believe this is the best they can get and that they are the cause of every treatment and problem they are facing in the relationship. As a result of this, many of these victims never get the zeal, desire, or courage to leave. The absence of a willingness to leave puts them in a much tougher situation; the toxic partners use the victims until they are no longer useful, then dump them. This leaves the victim alone to face all of the torture they have suffered during the relationship. For many people, recovery is possible, so long as they are ready to utilize the needed effort and time involved in the process. In worse situations, the damage is much more severe, and the victims may suffer the effects in various areas of their lives, including the way they react with others. Some victims never find love again and remain a shadow of their former selves. Well, while this is the way it goes for a lot of the victims, it does not have to be the situation for you. If you are dealing with a toxic relationship presently, then you have taken a significant first step by purchasing this book. You still have ample time to escape from the clutches of your abuser. And the information you will find in this book can be of help. In this book, you will find out what toxic relationships are. You will also learn the major reasons people remain in toxic relationships and how you can tell if your relationship is toxic. You will also learn how to get out of the toxic relationship and make a clean break for it, so that you can begin your life anew. In this book, you will learn more about: Unsafe people: A murderous spirit Control mongers Do I attract unsafe people? Safe people Loving hate No time to waste Reliable people Pigs and pearls Love tells the truth Healing trauma in the brain Dating emotional predators Grounding and self-soothing techniques to heal from emotional trauma Now, let's take this journey to get free from the shackles of toxicity and help you live the life you truly desire. Scroll Up and Buy Now!
Download or read book Stop Emotional Blackmail written by Vincenzo Venezia and published by . This book was released on with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "If you really loved me, you would..." "I'll hurt myself if you don't do what I want." "You owe me after all I've done for you." "I'll tell everyone about your secrets if you don't…” Do these phrases sound familiar to you? The real meaning of these sentences, although it may trigger complex and confusing feelings, can be summed up in two simple words: emotional blackmail. Emotional blackmail is a covert form of aggression in which a person close to us threatens, directly or indirectly, to punish us if we don't meet their expectations. It's a powerful form of manipulation that can be used by anyone, including co-workers, parents, friends, and partners. Blackmailers can be cunning charmers and master manipulators. They may seem like kind and caring people at first, but they can quickly turn into a "black hole" willing to do anything to satisfy their needs. They are experts at making you feel guilty or obligated to them. They may use threats, tears, or guilt trips to get what they want. They may also play the victim or make you feel like you're the only one who can help them. Invisible chains that are hard to see and break can bind you to family, friends, colleagues, or partners. The blackmailer may seem selfish, devious, or mean, but this is often not the case. In reality, they may be struggling with their own emotional issues and using blackmail as a way to cope. Yes, I know this can be difficult to understand. If you know the gripping feeling of being emotionally blackmailed, then it's time to reassess how much you know about this form of manipulation. This book has everything you need to know about being the master of your own emotions and not letting anyone else take the reins. Here's a sneak peek at what you'll learn in this book: · Understand how emotional blackmail works and how to identify it. · Learn the red flags of emotional blackmail. · Recognize the characteristics that make you a target for emotional blackmail. · Understand how emotional blackmailers exploit attachment and codependency. · Recognize the five personality types commonly associated with emotional blackmail. · Learn the seven steps that emotional blackmailers use to control their victims. · Take steps to stop being a victim and safeguard your emotional well-being. · Understand the lasting impact of emotional blackmail on your emotions. · Address emotional blackmail in the context of the internet and social media. · Use assertive communication to resist emotional manipulation. · Build resilience to effectively counter emotional blackmail and thrive in relationships. They know your buttons and they'll keep pushing them if you don't stop them. If you are tired of the sickening pain of emotional blackmail, fear, guilt, obligation, shame, and other twisted mind games, do yourself a favor. Take a deep breath, relax that knot in your stomach, and pick up this book. It will protect you for life, and more importantly, it can break the invisible chain that binds you to your "blackmailer."
Download or read book Protect Yourself from Emotional Vampires written by Mark Sharpe and published by Mark Sharpe. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Description I guess you must have at least one or even several people in your life that drain you emotionally, right? If the answer is yes, then keep on reading... This book will help your customers to work the beliefs that limit them and do not allow them to fly and leave behind all the manipulation that they have lived and continue to live their life. When they read this super book and analyze themselves, they will leave the automatic and come to consciousness realizing the infinite power that they awaken and allow them to set limits and live in freedom. This book includes: What It's Like to Be Obsessive-Compulsive How to Get Your Histrionic Manager to Actually Manage for a Change? Thinking Instead of Reacting to Con Artists And more! This is the opportunity of a million! You will never find an offer like this again. Buy this book now!
Download or read book Dark Psychology and Manipulation written by Kevin Adam Robertson and published by . This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ★ 55% discount for bookstores! Now at 26.95$ instead of 38.95$! ★ If you are interested Dark Psychology and Manipulation, then this book is for you Your Costumers Will Never Stop to Use this Amazing Book! Whether you want to acknowledge it or not, whether you think it's good or bad, it's irrelevant: you're constantly being manipulated. If you've been asking questions like... What can you do to stop being manipulated? How does one predict behavior to have the upper hand in conversations and engagements? How do manipulators think? How does manipulation work? How can learning dark psychology improve your life? And many related questions, this guide is for you, as it offers you all the ins and outs of dark psychology and manipulation to help you protect yourself from manipulators. Here's a tiny bit of what you'll discover: What dark psychology is What emotional manipulation entails, including the tactics and characteristics of manipulation victims Why non-verbal communication is essential, and the different types of non-verbal communication Different stages of the development of manipulation How to spot manipulators and emotional predators How emotional manipulation shows up in a relationship How to use dark persuasion to improve your life ...and so much more! At this point you have 2 choices: Remain the Prey of the manipulators and let your business fail inexorably, Or... Become a predator by learning to defend yourself and using manipulation to your advantage. In case you prefer the second choice, scroll up and add this collection to your cart. Buy it NOW and let your costumers become addicted to this incredible book!
Download or read book Dark Psychology and Manipulation written by Johnathan Hill and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everyone is capable of manipulation and everyone has been manipulated. It is simply the ability to affect the opinions or actions of another person. We do it all the time - usually without conscious thought. But some use manipulation to pursued others to their own nefarious ends. Governments, politicians, advertisers, religions, and scammers. They will twist your thoughts and your will to reflect their desires and to get you to do, say, buy, or give them whatever it is that they want.How do they do this? The chapters in this book will reveal all. They will tell you the most likely personalities to use manipulation. What types of manipulations will be used, how, and why. This book will also tell you where you are most likely to find them.From politicians using propaganda to religions using fear-mongering, you'll learn the persuasion techniques used by those in the know to manipulate you most easily into agreeing with their wishes or complying with their dark desires.Find out how to spot the Benjamin Franklin Impact or the Ransberger Pivot. Use reflective listening effectively. Request a favor and have it granted. You will even discover how to build instant rapport with anyone you meet. Dark psychology can cause severe damage to those it's used upon. Abusers such as cyber stalkers and pedophiles alike are masters of it. You'll want to know how to protect yourself from the emotional influence of deception such as gaslighting and online scamming. You'll learn how to spot emotional predators and their deceptions.If you've already been caught up in a romance scam, trapped in spousal abuse, or otherwise nabbed by the dark psychological web, you will find within these pages what to do when you've been taken in and where to go. Then you will know how to recover. There is life after manipulation. Once you are armed with the knowledge of how these manipulators use dark psychology to prey upon you, you will be better able to avoid their pitfalls. Even a used car salesman won't be able to get one by on you. *History of Psychology*Characteristics of Deceivers*Dark Triad Personalities o Machiavellianism oNarcissism oPsychopathy*Politicians - Propaganda, smear campaigns, social proofing, fear-mongering*Advertisers - NLP, subliminal advertising*Scammers - email scams, charity scams, online scams of all kinds*Methods of Dark Persuasion - Minimizing, lying, diversion*Effective Persuasion Techniques - Mirroring, subliminal affecting, The Benjamin Franklin Impact*Emotional Manipulation - gaslighting, flattery, sporting anger*Examples of Deception and Manipulation oScams and Scammers oOnline Romance Scams oMunchausen Syndrome oDomestic Abuse oPedophilia*Spotting Deception*Defending Yourself Against Emotional Predators*What to do if you've been taken in*Reporting Scammers*Recovering from Dark Deception and ManipulationThere are plenty of books on this subject on the market. This time, you've chosen the right one! Every effort has been made to ensure it is full of as much useful information as possible. Put it to good use. Protect yourself and those you love by learning and using the information within these pages and referring back to it often. Scams abound and we've outlined many of them here for you to learn how to avoid them. When you finish this book, you'll be prepared to face a world full of dark psychology and manipulation and avoid its pitfalls.