Download or read book Textual Studies in Ancient and Medieval Geometry written by W.R. Knorr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For textual studies relating to the ancient mathematical corpus the efforts by the Danish philologist, 1. L. Heiberg (1854-1928), are especially significant. Beginning with his doctoral dissertation, Quaestiones Archimedeae (Copen hagen, 1879), Heiberg produced an astonishing series of editions and critical studies that remain the foundation of scholarship on Greek mathematical 4 science. For comprehensiveness and accuracy, his editions are exemplary. In his textual studies, as also in the prolegomena to his editions, he carefully described the extant evidence, organized the manuscripts into stemmata, and drew out the implications for the state of the text. 5 With regard to his Archimedean work, Heiberg sometimes betrayed signs of the philologist's occupational disease - the tendency to rewrite a text deemed on subjective grounds to be unworthy. 6 But he did so less often than his prominent 7 contemporaries, and not as to detract appreciably from the value of his editions. In examining textual questions bearing on the Archimedean corpus, he attempted to exploit as much as possible evidence from the ancient commentators, and in some instances from the medieval translations. It is here that opportunities abound for new work, extending, and in some instances superseding, Heiberg's findings. For at his time the availability of the medieval materials was limited. In recent years Marshall Clagett has completed a mammoth critical edition of the medieval Latin tradition of Archimedes,8 while the bibliographical instruments for the Arabic tradition are in good order thanks to the work of Fuat Sezgin.
Download or read book Mechanics and Natural Philosophy before the Scientific Revolution written by Walter Roy Laird and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume deals with a variety of moments in the history of mechanics when conflicts arose within one textual tradition, between different traditions, or between textual traditions and the wider world of practice. Its purpose is to show how the accommodations sometimes made in the course of these conflicts ultimately contributed to the emergence of modern mechanics.
Download or read book The Elements written by Philip Ball and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From water, air, and fire to tennessine and oganesson, celebrated science writer Philip Ball leads us through the full sweep of the field of chemistry in this exquisitely illustrated history of the elements. The Elements is a stunning visual journey through the discovery of the chemical building blocks of our universe. By piecing together the history of the periodic table, Ball explores not only how we have come to understand what everything is made of, but also how chemistry developed into a modern science. Ball groups the elements into chronological eras of discovery, covering seven millennia from the first known to the last named. As he moves from prehistory and classical antiquity to the age of atomic bombs and particle accelerators, Ball highlights images and stories from around the world and sheds needed light on those who struggled for their ideas to gain inclusion. By also featuring some elements that aren’t true elements but were long thought to be—from the foundational prote hyle and heavenly aetherof the ancient Greeks to more recent false elements like phlogiston and caloric—The Elements boldly tells the full history of the central science of chemistry.
Download or read book Scriptores Logarithmici written by Francis Maseres and published by . This book was released on 1791 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pi A Source Book written by J.L. Berggren and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-01-13 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents the history of pi from the dawn of mathematical time to the present. One of the beauties of the literature on pi is that it allows for the inclusion of very modern, yet accessible, mathematics. The articles on pi collected herein fall into various classes. First and foremost there is a selection from the mathematical and computational literature of four millennia. There is also a variety of historical studies on the cultural significance of the number. Additionally, there is a selection of pieces that are anecdotal, fanciful, or simply amusing. For this new edition, the authors have updated the original material while adding new material of historical and cultural interest. There is a substantial exposition of the recent history of the computation of digits of pi, a discussion of the normality of the distribution of the digits, and new translations of works by Viete and Huygen.
Download or read book Essays in Medieval Life and Thought written by Austin Patterson Evans and published by Biblo & Tannen Publishers. This book was released on 1965 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calculating Ethics in the Fourteenth Century written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-06-24 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calculating Ethics in the Fourteenth Century addresses a moment in the history of ethics, when discoveries in natural philosophy blurred the boundary between the possible and the impossible, and made the impossible a preferred territory in discussions on practical reason. The volume studies the onset and expansion of a new movement in constructing ethics, as the methods, arguments, and cases adopted from logic and natural philosophy came to be extensively applied at Oxford and swiftly disseminated among other Oxonians eventually making their way outside Oxford. It shows how the Oxford Calculators triggered a unique and durable transformation in ethics. Contributors are Pascale Bermon, Valeria Buffon, Michael W. Dunne, Marek Gensler, Simon Kemp, Edit A. Lukács, Monika Michałowska, and Andrea Nannini.
Download or read book Quantifying Aristotle written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-06-08 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an entirely new perspective on the alleged incompatibility between Aristotelian philosophy and the mathematical methods and principles that form the basis of modern science. It surveys the tradition of the Oxford Calculators from its beginnings in the fourteenth century until Leibniz and the philosophy of the seventeenth century and explores how their various techniques of quantification expanded the conceptual and methodological limits of Aristotelianism.
Download or read book History of Virtual Work Laws written by Danilo Capecchi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-11 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a history of classical mechanics by focusing on issues of equilibrium. The historical point of view adopted here restricts attention to cases where the effectiveness of forces is assessed on the basis of the virtual motion of their points of application. For completeness, hints of the alternative approach are also referred, the Archimedean for ancient mechanics and the Newtonian for modern mechanics. The laws resulting from consideration of virtual motions are named laws of virtual work. The modern formulations of the principle of virtual work are only a particular form of them. The book begins with the first documented formulations of laws of virtual work in the IV century BC in Greece and proceeds to the end of the XIX century AD in Europe. A significant space is devoted to Arabic and Latin mechanics of Middle Ages. With the Renaissance it began to appear slightly different wordings of the laws, which were often proposed as unique principles of statics. The process reached its apex with Bernoulli and Lagrange in the XVIII century. The book ends with some chapters dealing with the discussions that took place in the French school on the role of the Lagrangian version of the law of virtual work and its applications to continuum mechanics.
Download or read book Early Music History written by Iain Fenlon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-19 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early Music History is devoted to the study of music from the early Middle Ages to the end of the seventeenth century. It demands the highest standards of scholarship from its contributors, all of whom are leading academics in their fields. It gives preference to studies pursuing interdisciplinary approaches and to those developing novel methodological ideas. The scope is exceptionally broad and includes manuscript studies, textual criticism, iconography, studies of the relationship between words and music and the relationship between music and society. Articles in volume one include: A lost guide to Tinctoris's teachings recovered; two English motets on Simon de Montfort; the Mary Magdalene scene in the Visitatio sepulchri ceremonies; and European politics and the distribution of music in the early fifteenth century.
Download or read book The Dialectics of Creation written by Martin G. Poulsom and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-03-13 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the philosophical components of Christian faith in creation, by analyzing the distinction and the relation between creation and its Creator.The writings of Edward Schillebeeckx and David Burrell supply a terminology of distinction and relation that shapes the discourse, following in the footsteps of Aquinas. Poulsom elucidates the relational dialectic in the thought of Schillebeeckx as a way of thinking about the Creation and offers a helpful comparison with the thought of David Burrell. Relational dialectic is an organizing principle, not only of Schillebeeckx's account of creation, but of his philosophical theology more generally. It can operate as a hermeneutic for his material on praxis and humanism, in a way that resolves some problems noted by other Schillebeeckx scholars. Poulsom's interpretation of Schillebeeckx enriches current approaches to this thinker and offers a significant contribution to thinking on the doctrine of Creation and issues surrounding the 'ontological distinction' which is of major concern in philosophical theology today.
Download or read book Prosdocimo de Beldomandi s Musica Plana and Musica Speculativa written by Prosdocimo de' Beldomandi and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2024-05-13 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available in English for the first time, Prosdocimo's Tractatus plane musice (1412) and Tractatus musice speculative (1425) are exemplary texts for understanding the high sophistication of music theory in the early fifteenth century. Known for considering music as a science based on demonstrable mathematical principles, Prosdocimo praises Marchetto for his theory of plainchant but criticizes his influential Lucidarium for its heterodox mathematics. In dismissing Marchetto as a “mere performer,” Prosdocimo takes up matters as broad as the nature and definition of music and as precise as counterpoint, tuning, and ecclesiastical modes. The treatises also reveal much about Prosdocimo’s understanding of plainchant; his work with Euclid's Elementa; and his familiarity with the music theory of Boethius, Macrobius, and Johannes de Muris. A foremost authority on Italian music theory of the Middle Ages and early Renaissance, Jan Herlinger consults manuscripts from Bologna, Cremona, and Lucca in preparing these valuable first critical editions.
Download or read book Tartaglia s Science of Weights and Mechanics in the Sixteenth Century written by Raffaele Pisano and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-25 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a historical and scientific analysis as historical epistemology of the science of weights and mechanics in the sixteenth century, particularly as developed by Tartaglia in his Quesiti et inventioni diverse, Book VII and Book VIII (1546; 1554). In the early 16th century mechanics was concerned mainly with what is now called statics and was referred to as the Scientia de ponderibus, generally pursued by two very different approaches. The first was usually referred to as Aristotelian, where the equilibrium of bodies was set as a balance of opposite tendencies to motion. The second, usually referred to as Archimedean, identified statics with centrobarica, the theory of centres of gravity based on symmetry considerations. In between the two traditions the Italian scholar Niccolò Fontana, better known as Tartaglia (1500?–1557), wrote the treatise Quesiti et inventioni diverse (1546). This volume consists of three main parts. In the first, a historical excursus regarding Tartaglia’s lifetime, his scientific production and the Scientia de ponderibus in the Arabic-Islamic culture, and from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, is presented. Secondly, all the propositions of Books VII and VIII, by relating them with the Problemata mechanica by the Aristotelian school and Iordani opvsculvm de ponderositate by Jordanus de Nemore are examined within the history and historical epistemology of science. The last part is relative to the original texts and critical transcriptions into Italian and Latin and an English translation. This work gathers and re-evaluates the current thinking on this subject. It brings together contributions from two distinguished experts in the history and historical epistemology of science, within the fields of physics, mathematics and engineering. It also gives much-needed insight into the subject from historical and scientific points of view. The volume composition makes for absorbing reading for historians, epistemologists, philosophers and scientists.
Download or read book De Proportionibus written by Johannes Ciconia and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Johannes Ciconia (ca. 1370?1412) is well known today as a composer both of sacred and secular music, but his theoretical works, probably written in Padua during the first decade of the fifteenth century, have until now been available only in manuscript form. This is the first complete edition of both of Ciconia?s theoretical works: the Nova musica, with its attendant De tribus generibus melorum, and the shorter De proportionibus, itself a revision of the third book of the Nova musica. ø The Nova musica is unique as the only only large-scale speculative work of the period known to have been written by an accomplished composer. The purpose of the work, clearly stated by Ciconia in the prologue, is to return to the writings of earlier authors (through the eleventh century) and, with their material as a basis, to redefine the scope of the discipline of music so that is may be classified and may function as one of the literary arts, in addition to its usual standing as a mathematical discipline. ø The first three books consist largely of quotations from earlier authors, covering the topics of consonance (intervals and the scale), species (modes), and proportions. Much of this material parallels large sections of the famous Lucidarium of Marchetto of Padua. ø In the fourth and final book, Ciconia demonstrated how, by means of the material already presented, chants can be classified and declined or parsed according to the principles of grammar. This new view of music can be regarded as a clear indication of the new humanistic approach to the arts. ø Two plates and more than one hundred figures illustrate the edition. The plates provide representative and contrasting examples of the handwriting and format of the illustrations in two of the principal sources.
Download or read book Petrus Martyr Vermigli Kommentar zur Nikomachischen Ethik des Aristoteles written by Luca Baschera and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2011-10-28 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ENGLISH Contrary to an old thesis, the dawning of the Reformation was not the end of Christian Aristotelianism. Rather, Protestants were again faced with the traditional question of the relationship between theology and philosophy. Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499-1562) counts as one of the authors who endeavored to interpret Aristotelian philosophy before the backdrop of Reformed theology. In addition to numerous exegetical and theological writings, this well respected theologian left behind a commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, which is edited in the present volume. It not only evidences Vermigli’s intense engagement with the source material but also his struggle for an adequate understanding of the relationship between Aristotelian ethics and Protestant theology. DEUTSCH Entgegen einer althergebrachten These bedeutete der Durchbruch der Reformation nicht das Ende des christlichen Aristotelismus. Vielmehr stellte sich für Protestanten die traditionelle Frage nach dem Verhältnis zwischen Theologie und Philosophie wieder neu. Zu den Autoren, die sich um eine Deutung aristotelischer Philosophie vor dem Hintergrund reformierter Theologie bemühten, zählt Petrus Martyr Vermigli (1499-1562). Neben zahlreichen exegetischen und kontroverstheologischen Schriften hinterließ dieser zu seiner Zeit hochgeachtete Theologe auch einen Kommentar zur Nikomachischen Ethik des Aristoteles. Dieser Kommentar, welcher im vorliegenden Band in historisch-kritischer Edition herausgegeben wird, belegt nicht nur Vermiglis intensive Auseinandersetzung mit dem Quellentext, sondern auch sein Ringen um eine adäquate Verhältnisbestimmung von aristotelischer Ethik und protestantischer Theologie.
Download or read book The Secret Trachings of All Ages written by Manly Palmer Hall and published by Library of Alexandria. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 1433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NUMEROUS volumes have been written as commentaries upon the secret systems of philosophy existing in the ancient world, but the ageless truths of life, like many of the earth's greatest thinkers, have usually been clothed in shabby garments. The present work is an attempt to supply a tome worthy of those seers and sages whose thoughts are the substance of its pages. To bring about this coalescence of Beauty and Truth has proved most costly, but I believe that the result will produce an effect upon the mind of the reader which will more than justify the expenditure. Work upon the text of this volume was begun the first day of January, 1926, and has continued almost uninterruptedly for over two years. The greater part of the research work, however, was carried on prior to the writing of the manuscript. The collection of reference material was begun in 1921, and three years later the plans for the book took definite form. For the sake of clarity, all footnotes were eliminated, the various quotations and references to other authors being embodied in the text in their logical order. The bibliography is appended primarily to assist those interested in selecting for future study the most authoritative and important items dealing with philosophy and symbolism. To make readily accessible the abstruse information contained in the book, an elaborate topical cross index is included. I make no claim for either the infallibility or the originality of any statement herein contained. I have studied the fragmentary writings of the ancients sufficiently to realize that dogmatic utterances concerning their tenets are worse than foolhardy. Traditionalism is the curse of modern philosophy, particularly that of the European schools. While many of the statements contained in this treatise may appear at first wildly fantastic, I have sincerely endeavored to refrain from haphazard metaphysical speculation, presenting the material as far as possible in the spirit rather than the letter of the original authors. By assuming responsibility only for the mistakes which may' appear herein, I hope to escape the accusation of plagiarism which has been directed against nearly every writer on the subject of mystical philosophy. Having no particular ism of my own to promulgate, I have not attempted to twist the original writings to substantiate preconceived notions, nor have I distorted doctrines in any effort to reconcile the irreconcilable differences present in the various systems of religio-philosophic thought. The entire theory of the book is diametrically opposed to the modern method of thinking, for it is concerned with subjects openly ridiculed by the sophists of the twentieth century. Its true purpose is to introduce the mind of the reader to a hypothesis of living wholly beyond the pale of materialistic theology, philosophy, or science. The mass of abstruse material between its covers is not susceptible to perfect organization, but so far as possible related topics have been grouped together.
