Download or read book Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis PGAA and Short lived Neutron Activation Analysis NAA Applied to the Characterization of Legacy Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Without quality historical records that provide the composition of legacy materials, the elemental and/or chemical characterization of such materials requires a manual analytical strategy that may expose the analyst to unknown toxicological hazards. In addition, much of the existing legacy inventory also incorporates radioactivity, and, although radiological composition may be determined by various nuclear-analytical methods, most importantly, gamma-spectroscopy, current methods of chemical characterization still require direct sample manipulation, thereby presenting special problems with broad implications for both the analyst and the environment. Alternately, prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) provides a'single-shot' in-situ, non-destructive method that provides a complete assay of all major entrained elemental constituents. 1-3. Additionally, neutron activation analysis (NAA) using short-lived activation products complements PGAA and is especially useful when NAA activation surpasses the PGAA in elemental sensitivity.
Download or read book Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis written by G. Molnar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-23 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) is a unique, non-destructive nuclear analytical method with multi-element capabilities. It is most effective if intense neutron beams (especially cold beams) of nuclear reactors are used to induce the prompt gamma radiation. Based largely on the authors' pioneering research in cold neutron PGAA, the handbook describes the methodology in self-contained manner and reviews recent applications. The library of prompt gamma ray data and spectra for all natural elements is a unique aid to the practitioner. The level is understandable by a broad audience, which facilitates teaching and training. The Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis is a comprehensive handbook written for those practising the method, wanting to implement it at a reactor facility, or just looking for a powerful non-destructive method of element analysis. The book is also useful for nuclear physics, chemistry and engineering scientists, scholars and graduate students interested in neutron-induced gamma ray spectroscopy and nuclear analytical methods.
Download or read book Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis written by Zeev B. Alfassi and published by CRC PressI Llc. This book was released on 1995 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis introduces the fundamental principals and the unique characteristics of the gamma-ray activation method together with its applications and limitations. Sample preparation, instruments, shielding and irradiation using prompt gamma-ray activation analysis techniques with various neutron sources are described in detail. The neutron damage to PGAA instruments, particularly the radiation detector, is investigated. The book compares unique features and limitations of PGAA versus conventional NAA methods. Approximately 50 tables help to illustrate and describe these exciting new methods.
Download or read book Digital Gamma gamma Coincidence Measurements for Neutron Activation Analysis written by Francis Jude Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to perform low level counting, specifically gamma spectroscopy, for unknown radionuclides provides some challenges. In many cases, the ability to assess a material requires the use of neutron activation analysis (NAA) to excite the unknown sample to allow for the use of gamma ray measurement techniques to determine the radionuclides that are present. Quite often, the ability to identify unique gamma rays is challenging due to the fact that many radionuclides have gamma rays that have energies that are nearby other gamma rays from other radionuclides. The Compton continuum and high background radiation levels also contribute to the difficulty to make these measurements. This research has explored the use of an advanced digital gamma-gamma coincidence system, XIA Pixie-16, for use in neutron activation analysis. The reason for performing this research is that, although gamma-gamma coincidence in NAA is not a new area of research, there has not been a comprehensive study of the use of gamma-gamma coincidence for all NAA products. This research has the potential to benefit research and experiments that utilize NAA techniques for identifying unknown samples. The new XIA Pixie-16 system was first assembled and characterized. It was then used to perform measurements for all applicable short-lived, medium-lived and long-lived NAA products. The gamma-gamma coincidence system was utilized to identify radionuclides in different samples that have been demonstrated to be difficult to identify using standard gamma spectroscopy techniques. A thorough evaluation of the results of this research should serve as a reference for all future NAA research
Download or read book Apologia illustr Hessorum Principis Dom Philippi contra calumnias Ducis Henrici a Braunswig written by and published by . This book was released on 1611 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neutron Generators for Analytical Purposes written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA Radiation Technology Repo. This book was released on 2012 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication addresses recent developments in neutron generator (NG) technology. It presents information on compact instruments with high neutron yield to be used for neutron activation analysis (NAA) and prompt gamma neutron activation analysis in combination with high count rate spectrometers. Traditional NGs have been shown to be effective for applications including borehole logging, homeland security, nuclear medicine and the on-line analysis of aluminium, coal and cement. Pulsed fast thermal neutron analysis, as well as tagged and timed neutron analysis, are additional techniques which can be applied using NG. Furthermore, NG can effectively be used for elemental analysis and is also effective for analysis of hidden materials by neutron radiography. Useful guidelines for developing NG based research laboratories are also provided in this publication.
Download or read book Nuclear Techniques for Cultural Heritage Research written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Scientific studies of art and archaeology are a necessary complement to cultural heritage conservation, preservation and investigation. Nuclear techniques, such as neutron activation analysis, X ray fluorescence analysis and ion beam analysis, have a potential for non-destructive and reliable investigation of precious artefacts and materials, such as ceramics, stone, metal, and pigments from paintings. Such information can be helpful in repair of damaged objects, in identification of fraudulent artefacts and in the appropriate categorization of historic artefacts."--P. [4] of cover.
Download or read book Applications of Research Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2014 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is a comprehensive study that reviews the current situation in a great number of applications of research reactors. It revises the contents of IAEA TECDOC-1234, The Applications of Research Reactors, giving detailed updates on each field of research reactor uses worldwide. Reactors of all sizes and capabilities can benefit from the sharing of current practices and research enabled via this updated version, which describes the requirements for practicing methods as diverse as neutron activation analysis, education and training, neutron scattering and neutron imaging, silicon doping and radioisotope production, material/fuel irradiation and testing, and some others. Many underutilised research reactors can learn how to diversify their technical capabilities, staff and potential commercial partners and users seeking research reactor services and products. The content of the publication has also been strengthened in terms of current issues facing the vast majority of research reactors by including sections describing user and customer relations as well as strategic planning considerations.
Download or read book Nuclear and Radiochemistry written by Gerhart Friedlander and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbiology written by Nina Parker and published by . This book was released on 2016-05-30 with total page 1301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology's art program enhances students' understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs. Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology."--BC Campus website.
Download or read book Plant Physiology Theory and Applications written by S. L. Kochhar and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-03 with total page 895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition provides a comprehensive overview of the rapidly advancing field of plant physiology, supplemented with experimental exercises.
Download or read book Plastic Scintillators written by Matthieu Hamel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-10 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the physics and chemistry of plastic scintillators (fluorescent polymers) that are able to emit light when exposed to ionizing radiation, discussing their chemical modification in the early 1950s and 1960s, as well as the renewed upsurge in interest in the 21st century. The book presents contributions from various researchers on broad aspects of plastic scintillators, from physics, chemistry, materials science and applications, covering topics such as the chemical nature of the polymer and/or the fluorophores, modification of the photophysical properties (decay time, emission wavelength) and loading of additives to make the material more sensitive to, e.g., fast neutrons, thermal neutrons or gamma rays. It also describes the benefits of recent technological advances for plastic scintillators, such as nanomaterials and quantum dots, which allow features that were previously not achievable with regular organic molecules or organometallics.
Download or read book Linear Circuit Transfer Functions written by Christophe P. Basso and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-27 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear Circuit Transfer Functions: An introduction to Fast Analytical Techniques teaches readers how to determine transfer functions of linear passive and active circuits by applying Fast Analytical Circuits Techniques. Building on their existing knowledge of classical loop/nodal analysis, the book improves and expands their skills to unveil transfer functions in a swift and efficient manner. Starting with simple examples, the author explains step-by-step how expressing circuits time constants in different configurations leads to writing transfer functions in a compact and insightful way. By learning how to organize numerators and denominators in the fastest possible way, readers will speed-up analysis and predict the frequency response of simple to complex circuits. In some cases, they will be able to derive the final expression by inspection, without writing a line of algebra. Key features: Emphasizes analysis through employing time constant-based methods discussed in other text books but not widely used or explained. Develops current techniques on transfer functions, to fast analytical techniques leading to low-entropy transfer functions immediately exploitable for analysis purposes. Covers calculation techniques pertinent to different fields, electrical, electronics, signal processing etc. Describes how a technique is applied and demonstrates this through real design examples. All Mathcad® files used in examples and problems are freely available for download. An ideal reference for electronics or electrical engineering professionals as well as BSEE and MSEE students, this book will help teach them how to: become skilled in the art of determining transfer function by using less algebra and obtaining results in a more effectual way; gain insight into a circuit’s operation by understanding how time constants rule dynamic responses; apply Fast Analytical Techniques to simple and complicated circuits, passive or active and be more efficient at solving problems.
Download or read book Heterogeneous Wastes Characterization written by Epa/Envir Syst Monit and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-11-18 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogenous Wastes Characterization Methods and Recommendations addresses the problems faced by investigators when attempting to characterize heterogenous wastes contaminated with hazardous chemicals and/or radionuclides. The book is the result of a workshop conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy to devise methods for cleaning up waste sites, including landfills and drum dumps, where these chemicals have been spilled or improperly stored. The book summarizes study planning tools, sampling design strategies, and field and laboratory methods now in use. It also identifies the advantages and disadvantages of each method. In addition, the book identifies areas that would benefit from methodological research or development or the adoption of new approaches. Pertinent regulatory definitions have been assembled and augmented with practical working definitions. Heterogenous Wastes Characterization Methods and Recommendations is essential for personnel who work with hazardous wastes or in sanitary engineering firms.
Download or read book Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues authoritative recommendations concerning nutritional requirements and safe ranges of intake for nineteen trace elements important to human health. Representing the consensus reached by a large number of international experts, the book aims to give scientists and those responsible for nutrition planning a solid basis for assessing dietary intakes of trace elements, detecting deficiencies and excesses, and recognizing the clinical features of related disorders. Throughout, guidelines and advice respond to greatly expanded knowledge about the significant impact that even subtle differences in trace elements can have on health and disease. The core of the report, which has three parts, provides authoritative recommendations on the nutritional significance, requirements for health, and safe range of daily intakes for nineteen trace elements in three categories. These include essential elements, such as iodine and zinc, probably essential elements, such as manganese and silicon, and potentially toxic elements, such as fluoride, lead, cadmium and mercury, which may also have some essential functions at low levels.
Download or read book Photoneutron Sources written by B. W. Sargent and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiography of Cultural Material written by J. Lang (ed.) and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Radiography has made an invaluable contribution to the identification, care and understanding of cultural material. This book illustrates applications of radiography including: assessing the condition of artefacts before conservation, uncovering previous restorations, elucidating methods of construction, and revealing hidden features and inscriptions."--BOOK JACKET.
