Download or read book Productivity Growth and Capacity Utilization written by Wulong Gu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a non-parametric approach for adjusting the multifactor productivity growth (MFPG) measure for variations in capacity utilization over time. In the framework developed here, a capital utilization measure is derived from the economic theory of production and is estimated by comparing the ex-post return with the ex-ante expected return on capital. The nonparametric approach is then compared with the parametric approach and the standard growth accounting framework. Both the non-parametric and parametric approaches correct for the cyclical bias in the standard MFPG measure, but the non-parametric approach offers more practical adjustment for capacity utilization, because it is easier to implement and more in line with the non-parametric approach long used by statistical agencies and researchers. The results suggest that variable capacity utilization is the main source of the pro-cyclicality in the standard measure of MFPG in Canada's goods-producing industries, and that the post-2000 decline in the standard MFPG measure in Canadian manufacturing is largely due to the decline in capacity utilization.--Publisher's website.
Download or read book A Microeconomic Approach to the Measurement of Economic Performance written by Catherine J. Morrison and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is designed to provide a comprehensive guide to students, researchers, or consultants who wish to carry out and to interpret analyses of economic performance, with an emphasis on productivity growth. The text includes an overview of standard productivity growth measurement techniques and adaptations, and data construc tion procedures. It goes further, however, by expanding the tradition al growth accounting (index number) framework to allow consider ation of how different aspects of firm behavior underlying productivity growth are interrelated, how they can be measured con sistently in a parametric model, and how they permit a well-defined decomposition of standard productivity growth measures. These ideas are developed by considering in detail a number of underlying theoretical results and econometric issues. The impacts of various production characteristics on productivity growth trends are also evaluated by overviewing selected methodological extensions and em pirical evidence. More specifically, in the methodological extensions, emphasis is placed on incorporation of cost and demand characteristics, such as fixity and adjustment costs, returns to scale, and the existence of market power, into analyses of productivity growth. These character istics, generally disregarded in such analyses, can have very important impacts on production structure and firm behavior, and thus on economic performance. They also provide the conceptual basis for vii viii PREFACE measures that are often used independently as indicators of economic performance, such as investment, capacity utilization, and profit measures.
Download or read book Measuring Productivity Growth and Capacity Utilization in Data Envelopment Analysis written by Biresh Sahoo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article first reviews the well-known nonparametric methods of decomposing productivity growth and finally argue that Färe et al. (1994)'s method of computing productivity growth is superior in spite of the fact that this model model is based on convexity postulate, which assumes away some important technological features such as indivisiblities, economies of scale, and economies of specialization, which all arise from concavities in production. Second, we find the measurement of capacity utilization by Färe et al. (1989) not very practical, and therefore suggest a new method to measure capacity utilization, and then decompose the cost gap between actual and minimum cost into various components that are of practical use to managers, with special emphasis on that component due to unused capacity. Finally, this study applies Färe et al. method to a sample of 60 steel units in India over the period 1989-1996 to decompose the productivity growth into its various components. The results reveal that despite technological progress, there is a decline in productivity growth due to growing inefficiency over the period. This article finally concludes by suggesting that bold institutional policy changes is to be introduced as a part of the liberalization process in order that inefficiency is substantially reduced, resulting productivity growth to increase for the time to come.
Download or read book Capacity Utilization and Measurement of Agricultural Productivity written by James H. Hauver and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Industry Productivity Dynamics with Capacity Utilization and Differentiated Products written by Wendy L. Petropoulos and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of Research and Development on Productivity Growth written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non Parametric Measurement of Productivity Growth Under Variable Capacity Utilization written by Panos Fousekis and published by . This book was released on 200? with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Capacity Utilization and Productivity Measurement for Multiproduct Firms with Multiple Quasi fixed Inputs written by Ernst R. Berndt and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Capacity Realization and Productivity Growth in a Developing Country written by Ruhul A. Salim and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1999. Firms in manufacturing industries are influenced by the market-oriented liberalization reform policies in many developing countries since the late eighties. However, studies applying appropriate methodology to appropriate data seldom analyze the impact of reforms on the performance of production units such as manufacturing firms. The central point of this book is to address this issue by comparing firms’ achievement with 'best practice' performance before and after reforms. This form of analysis is not new but it emphasizes a new focus or realignment of thinking within neoclassical economics to develop an analytical framework. This book examines the productivity growth of Bangladesh manufacturing firms as component measures of changes in capacity realization and technical progress. The significant feature of this approach is that it allows for the inefficiency of firms, and thus productivity growth is estimated rather than taking it as a residual as is usually measured in the traditional growth accounting approach. High rates of technological progress, on the one hand, can co-exist with low rates of capacity realization. On the other hand, relatively low rates of technological progress can co-exist with an improving capacity realization. As a result specific policy actions are required to address the difference in the sources of variation in productivity. In this respect this book would provide invaluable insights for policy makers, development practitioners, academics and students of economics.
Download or read book Productivity Measurement with Nonstatic Expectations and Varying Capacity Utilization written by Catherine J. Morrison and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Typically measures of multifactor productivity growth have been based on a production and optimization framework that assumes all inputs are instantaneously adjustable, thus ignoring the important impacts of short run fixity of certain inputs. This paper focuses on the distinction between short and long run production behavior represented by economic capacity utilization indexes, and on the adjustment of observed productivity measures for the effects of short run fixity characterized by these indexes. A dynamic optimization model based on adjustment costs for quasi-fixed inputs is developed to calculate capacity utilization adjustments for productivity growth measures. The resulting framework is then used to identify empirically the effects of capacity utilization, nonstatic expectations, nonconstant returns to scale and adjustment costs for both capital and labor on productivity growth in the U.S. manufacturing sector, 1947-1979
Download or read book Productivity Growth Inflation and Unemployment written by Robert James Gordon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book Capital Operating Time and total Factor Productivity Growth in France written by Mr.Luc Everaert and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-06-01 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data on the weekly operating time of capital improve the measurement of effective capital input in production. The production function of the French business sector is found to be consistent with a Cobb-Douglas technology under constant returns to scale. Total factor productivity growth, estimated as an unobservable variable, has declined steadily since the late 1970s, but more slowly since 1994. During the 1990s, a secular increase in shift work raised the operating time of capital and began to contribute positively to growth, albeit only slightly.
Download or read book Productivity and the Economy written by United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Developments in Productivity Analysis written by Charles R. Hulten and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The productivity slowdown of the 1970s and 1980s and the resumption of productivity growth in the 1990s have provoked controversy among policymakers and researchers. Economists have been forced to reexamine fundamental questions of measurement technique. Some researchers argue that econometric approaches to productivity measurement usefully address shortcomings of the dominant index number techniques while others maintain that current productivity statistics underreport damage to the environment. In this book, the contributors propose innovative approaches to these issues. The result is a state-of-the-art exposition of contemporary productivity analysis. Charles R. Hulten is professor of economics at the University of Maryland. He has been a senior research associate at the Urban Institute and is chair of the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Michael Harper is chief of the Division of Productivity Research at the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Edwin R. Dean, formerly associate commissioner for Productivity and Technology at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is adjunct professor of economics at The George Washington University.
Download or read book Innovation and the Productivity Crisis written by Martin Neil Baily and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collapse of U.S. productivity growth since the late 1960s has been the most severe and persistent of recent economic problems. This volume reviews the extent of the growth slowdown, evaluates several contributing factors, and suggests strategies for improvement. The authors find that inflation, recessions, oil price fluctuations, and other economic disruptions in the 1970s had an averse effect on economic performance, but, they suggest, a slowing in the pace of innovation and a failure to exploit the benefits of innovation also contributed to the weakness in productivity. Baily and Chakrabarti provide a comprehensive assessment of U.S. technology policy and its importance to growth. They argue for continued support of basic science, even though strength in this area does not give the U.S. economy an immediate competitive advantage, and advocate increased support for "middle ground" and commercial research. They conclude that this support must be structured to preserve the advantages of the market.
Download or read book Productivity Growth in the U S Steel Industry written by Hiung-Joon Kim and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cost Structure and the Measurement of Economic Performance written by Catherine J. Morrison Paul and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-02-28 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cost Structure and the Measurement of Economic Performance is designed to provide a comprehensive guide for students, researchers or consultants who wish to model, construct, interpret, and use economic performance measures. The topical emphasis is on productivity growth and its dependence on the cost structure. The methodological focus is on application of the tools of economic analysis - the `thinking structure' provided by microeconomic theory - to measure technological or cost structure, and link it with market and regulatory structure. This provides a rich basis for evaluation of economic performance and its determinants. The format of the book stresses topics or questions of interest rather than the theoretical tools for analysis. Traditional productivity growth modeling and measurement practices that result in a productivity residual often called the `measure of our ignorance' are initially overviewed, and then the different aspects of technological, market and regulatory structure that might underlie this residual are explored. The ultimate goal is to decompose or explain the residual, by modeling and measuring a multitude of impacts that determine the economic performance of firms, sectors, and economies. The chapters are organized with three broad goals in mind. The first is to introduce the overall ideas involved in economic performance measurement and traditional productivity growth analysis. Issues associated with different types of (short and long run, internal and external) cost economies, market and regulatory impacts, and other general cost efficiencies that might impact these measures are then explored. Finally, some of the theoretical, data construction and econometric tools necessary to justify and implement these models are emphasized.
