Download or read book Product Differentiation and Equilibrium Price with Partial Product Search written by Lin Liu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economic Theory of Product Differentiation written by John Beath and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-02-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are few industries in modern market economies that do not manufacture differentiated products. This book provides a systematic explanation and analysis of the widespread prevalence of this important category of products. The authors concentrate on models in which product selection is endogenous. In the first four chapters they consider models that try to predict the level of product differentiation that would emerge in situations of market equilibrium. These market equilibria with differentiated products are characterised and then compared with social welfare optima. Particular attention is paid to the distinction between horizontal and vertical differentiation as well as to the related issues of product quality and durability. This book brings together the most important theoretical contributions to these topics in a succinct and coherent manner. One of its major strengths is the way in which it carefully sets out the basic intuition behind the formal results. It will be useful to advanced undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in industrial economics and microeconomic theory.
Download or read book Partial Sequential Search and Product Differentiation written by Lin Liu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anderson and Renault (1999) show that when search cost is needed to evaluate any product, a U-shaped relationship exists between equilibrium price and product differentiation. This paper revisits this relationship by incorporating partial-depth search in a sequential search process which allows consumers to evaluate a subset of product attributes. We show that, when search depth is endogenous, the relationship is either always positive or N-shaped, depending on the elasticity of the hazard rate function of utility distribution.
Download or read book Simultaneous Search for Differentiated Products written by José L. Moraga González and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper extends the literature on simultaneous search by allowing for differentiated products and consumer search cost heterogeneity. In a duopolistic market, consumers with sufficiently low search costs choose to inspect the products of the two firms and purchase, if any, the most suitable; consumers with higher search costs choose to examine just one of the products; consumers with prohibitively high search costs do not check any of the products and drop out of the market altogether. For arbitrary search cost distributions, when match values are assumed to be uniformly distributed, a symmetric price equilibrium always exists. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition on the search cost distribution under which an increase in the costs of search of all consumers may result in a lower, equal or higher equilibrium price. The effects of prominence on equilibrium prices are also studied. The prominent firm charges a higher price than the non-prominent firm and both their prices are below the symmetric equilibrium price. Consequently, with simultaneous search, market prominence increases the surplus of consumers. In an extension, we provide conditions under which the equilibrium of the N-firm model exists.
Download or read book Prices Product Differentiation and Heterogeneous Search Costs written by José Luis Moraga-González and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Price directed Search Product Differentiation and Competition written by Martin Obradovits and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Especially in many online markets, consumers can readily observe prices, but may need to further inspect products to assess their suitability. We study the effects of product differentiation and search costs on competition and market outcomes in a tractable model of price-directed consumer search. We find that (i) firms' equilibrium pricing always induces efficient search behavior, (ii) for relatively large product differentiation, welfare distortions still occur because some consumers (may) forgo consumption, and (iii) lower search costs lead to stochastically higher prices, increasing firms' expected profits and decreasing their frequency of sales. Consumer surplus often falls when search costs decrease.
Download or read book Price and Quality written by Jonas Häckner and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discrete Choice Theory of Product Differentiation written by Simon P. Anderson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The discrete choice approach provides an ideal framework for describing the demands for differentiated products and can be used for studying most product differentiation models in the literature. By introducing extra dimensions of product heterogeneity, the framework also provides richer models of firm location and product selection."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Product Differentiation and Trade Dependence of the Domestic Price System in Computable General Equilibrium Trade Models written by Jaime De Melo and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Price Competition Information Acquisition and Product Differentiation Perception written by Gary Biglaiser and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We consider the equilibrium interplay between sellers' price competition and consumers' perception of product differentiation. We analyze a situation where, before trading, consumers acquire information at a cost about their preferences between sellers' differentiated products. The incentive for information acquisition depends on the average value of products, the objective product differentiation, and their beliefs about sellers' prices. The acquired information shapes consumers' perceived product differentiation and sellers' equilibrium prices. We characterize the unique symmetric equilibrium and study comparative statics with respect to consumer information acquisition cost and sensitivity to product differentiation. We then apply our model to platform design.
Download or read book The Economics of Product Differentiation written by Jacques François Thisse and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Product Differentiation and Price Competition Between a Safe and a Risky Seller written by Winand Emons and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prices Product Differentiation and Quality Measurement written by Gian Maria Tomat and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper provides an analysis of the problems of construction of quality-adjusted price indexes within the framework of the theory of product differentiation. In the general case of price-making behaviour on the part of firms, hedonic regressions are defined on the basis of reduced forms of the equation relating equilibrium prices to product characteristics. The paper considers the reduced form given by the marginal cost function and shows that the Laspeyres hedonic price index provides a lower bound to the quality-adjusted rate of price change while the Paasche hedonic price index provides an upper bound to the quality-adjusted rate of price change. The properties of hedonic price indexes are compared with those of matched model indexes. The theory is applied to the study of personal computer prices in Italy during the 1995-2000 period.
Download or read book Do consumers search for the highest price equilibrium and monopolistic optimum in differentiated products markets written by Norbert Schulz and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DO CONSUMERS SEARCH FOR THE HIGHEST PRICE EQUILIBRIUM AND MONOPOLISTIC OPTIMUN IN DIFFERENTIATED PRODUCTS MARKETS written by Norbert SCHULZ and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamic price competition with price adjustment costs and product differentiation written by Gianluigi Vernasca and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Product Differentiation and Operations Strategy for Price and Time Sensitive Markets written by Sachin Jayaswal and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, we study the interplay between a firm's operations strategy, with regard to its capacity management, and its marketing decision of product differentiation. For this, we study a market comprising heterogeneous customers who differ in their preferences for time and price. Time sensitive customers are willing to pay a price premium for a shorter delivery time, while price sensitive customers are willing to accept a longer delivery time in return for a lower price. Firms exploit this heterogeneity in customers' preferences, and offer a menu of products/services that differ only in their guaranteed delivery times and prices. From demand perspective, when customers are allowed to self-select according to their preferences, different products act as substitutes, affecting each other's demand. Customized product for each segment, on the other hand, results in independent demand for each product. On the supply side, a firm may either share the same processing capacity to serve the two market segments, or may dicate capacity for each segment. Our objective is to understand the interaction between product substitution and the firm's operations strategy (dedicated versus shared capacity), and how they shape the optimal product differentiation strategy. To address the above issue, we first study this problem for a single monopolist firm, which offers two versions of the same basic product: (i) regular product at a lower price but with a longer delivery time, and (ii) express product at a higher price but with a shorter delivery time. Demand for each product arrives according to a Poisson process with a rate that depends both on its price and delivery time. In addition, if the products are substitutable, each product's demand is also influenced by the price and delivery time of the other product. Demands within each category are served on a first-come-first-serve basis. However, customers for express product are always given priority over the other category when they are served using shared resources. There is a standard delivery time for the regular product, and the firm's objective is to appropriately price the two products and select the express delivery time so as to maximize its profit rate. The firm simultaneously needs to decide its installed processing capacity so as to meet its promised delivery times with a high degree of reliability. While the problem in a dedicated capacity setting is solved analytically, the same becomes very challenging in a shared capacity setting, especially in the absence of an analytical characterization of the delivery time distribution of regular customers in a priority queue. We develop a solution algorithm, using matrix geometric method in a cutting plane framework, to solve the problem numerically in a shared capacity setting. Our study shows that in a highly capacitated system, if the firm decides to move from a dedicated to a shared capacity setting, it will need to offer more differentiated products, whether the products are substitutable or not. In contrast, when customers are allowed to self-select, such that independent products become substitutable, a more homogeneous pricing scheme results. However, the effect of substitution on optimal delivery time differentiation depends on the firm's capacity strategy and cost, as well as market characteristics. The optimal response to any change in capacity cost also depends on the firm's operations strategy. In a dedicated capacity scenario, the optimal response to an increase in capacity cost is always to offer more homogeneous prices and delivery times. In a shared capacity setting, it is again optimal to quote more homogeneous delivery times, but increase or decrease the price differentiation depending on whether the status-quo capacity cost is high or low, respectively. We demonstrate that the above results are corroborated by real-life practices, and provide a number of managerial implications in terms of dealing with issues like volatile fuel prices. We further extend our study to a competitive setting with two firms, each of which may either share its processing capacities for the two products, or may dedicate capacity for each product. The demand faced by each firm for a given product now also depends on the price and delivery time quoted for the same product by the other firm. We observe that the qualitative results of a monopolistic setting also extend to a competitive setting. Specifically, in a highly capacitated system, the equilibrium prices and delivery times are such that they result in more differentiated products when both the firms use shared capacities as compared to the scenario when both the firms use dedicated capacities. When the competing firms are asymmetric, they exploit their distinctive characteristics to differentiate their products. Further, the effects of these asymmetries also depend on the capacity strategy used by the competing firms. Our numerical results suggest that the firm with expensive capacity always offers more homogeneous delivery times. However, its decision on how to differentiate its prices depends on the capacity setting of the two firms as well as the actual level of their capacity costs. On the other hand, the firm with a larger market base always offers more differentiated prices as well as delivery times, irrespective of the capacity setting of the competing firms.
