Download or read book Producer Benefits from Input Market and Trade Liberalization written by Fangbin Qiao and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of this paper is to assess how input trade liberalization induced by China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), will affect producers in China. To do so, we identify changes in domestic input marketing and trade policies over the past two decades in order to determine the sources of past input price changes. We also assess the degree to which producers have benefited from these price falls by examining the extent to which China's input markets can be considered integrated and characterized by low transaction costs. Finally, we draw conjectures about how the new trade liberalization measures will impact future fertilizer prices and benefit farmers in the post-WTO accession period. According to our analysis we find that increased trade and domestic market liberalization for inputs has provided positive benefits to producers through lower input prices. Falling prices for inputs, including fertilizer, have increased profits and provided incentives to increase production. The falling input prices, however, have not occurred due to trade liberalization. At least in the case of fertilizer, prior to WTO there was little trade liberalization. However, the link between fertilizer prices and trade is almost certainly going to change with China's accession to WTO. Breaking sharply with the past, China's accession to WTO greatly increased the nation's commitment to liberalize trade for agricultural inputs. According to our analysis, with the signing of the WTO agreement, given current world market prices, rural producers in China are predicted to benefit from WTO. Because the world-China price gap for many types of fertilizer is sizeable, even if imports are assessed a 13 percent value added tax, it still should be profitable for importers to expand the volume of trade over previous years. From this point of view, rising trade will mean falling prices and with China's robust markets, rural producers across China should benefit.

Download or read book The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Firms Product and Labor Market Power written by Sabien Dobbelaere and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the impact of trade liberalization on firms' product and labor market power. We estimate the prevalence and intensity of firm-level price-cost markups and either wage markups or wage markdowns. We take the dependence between these model-consistent measures of product and labor market power explicitly into account. To identify the effect of trade shocks on product and labor market power, we exploit China's reductions in input and output tariffs upon its accession to the World Trade Organization. We find that trade liberalization has not switched firms away from exercising product and labor market power. Reducing tariffs on intermediate inputs has increased a firm's price-cost markup but decreased the degree of wage-setting power that it possesses, conditional on exercising product/labor market power. Finally, we find heterogeneous effects of trade liberalization on the intensity of firms' product and labor market power, giving insights into the true consequences of trade shocks.

Download or read book Roots of Competitiveness written by Daniel H Rosen and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2004-07-29 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a cliché that China is the world's manufactured goods factory, but most observers are just as certain that China's farmers are a serious burden on growth. Yet China in fact has the makings of an internationally competitive agricultural sector, with the market setting most prices, farmers shifting quickly toward what they produce best, and significant research and development focused on biotechnology and other promising areas. China's trade interests are changing as its farmers become more competitive, and this transformation will have major implications for world trade talks and global economic welfare. This study traces the steps China has taken to make agriculture a winning sector, the evidence that its initiatives are working, and the course the country is likely to take.

Download or read book Developmental Dilemmas written by Peter Ho and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-05-24 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developmental Dilemmas singles out land as an object of study and places it in the context of one of the world's largest and most populous countries undergoing institutional reform: the People's Republic of China. The book demonstrates that private property protected by law, the principle of 'getting-the-prices-right', and the emergence of effectively functioning markets are the outcome of a given society's historical development and institutional fabric. Peter Ho argues that the successful creation of new institutions hinges in part on choice and timing in relation to the particular constellation of societal, economic, political and cultural parameters. Disregarding these could result in rising inequality, bad land stewardship, and the eruption of land-related grievances.

Download or read book Growing Together Or Growing Apart written by Marijke Kuiper and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Most studies of the opening of the Chinese economy focus at the national level. The few existing disaggregated analyses are limited to analyzing changes in agricultural production. The authors use an innovative village equilibrium model that accounts for nonseparability of household production and consumption decisions. This allows them to analyze the impact of trade liberalization on household production, consumption, and off-farm employment, as well as the interactions among these three aspects of household decisions. They use the village model to analyze the impact of price changes and labor demand, the two major pathways through which international trade affects households. Analyzing the impact of trade liberalization for one village in the Jiangxi province of China, the authors find changes in relative prices and outside village employment to have opposite impacts on household decisions. At the household level the impact of price changes dominates the employment impacts. Comparing full trade liberalization and the more limited Doha scenario, reactions are more modest in the latter case for most households, but the response is nonlinear to increasing depth of trade reforms. This is explained by household-specific transaction (shadow) prices in combination with endogenous choices to participate in the output markets. Rising income inequalities are a growing concern in China. Whether trade liberalization allows incomes to grow together or to grow apart depends on whether one accounts for the reduction in consumption demand when household members migrate. Assessing the net effect on the within-village income distribution, the authors find that poorer households that own draught power gain most from trade liberalization. The households that have to rely on the use of own labor for farm activities and are not endowed with traction power, nor with a link to employment opportunities in the prospering coastal regions, have fewer opportunities for adjustment."--World Bank web site.

Download or read book WTO Disciplines on Agricultural Support written by David Orden and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Farm support is contentious in international negotiations. This in-depth assessment of the legal compliance and economic evaluation issues raised by the WTO Agreement on Agriculture presents consistent support data and forward-looking projections for eight developed and developing countries (EU, US, Japan, Norway, Brazil, China, India, Philippines), using original estimates where official notifications are not available. Variations over time in notified support in some cases reflect real policy changes; others merely reflect shifts in how countries represent their measures. The stalled Doha negotiations presage significantly tighter constraints for developed countries that provide the highest support, but loopholes will persist. Developing countries face fewer constraints and their trade-distorting farm support can rise. Pressure points and key remaining issues if a Doha agreement is reached are evaluated. Vigilant monitoring for compliance of farm support with WTO commitments will be required to lessen its negative consequences whether or not the Doha Round is concluded.

Download or read book Poverty and the WTO written by Thomas W. Hertel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-12-15 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty reduction is deemed to be a centerpiece of the Doha Development Agenda currently being negotiated under the auspices of the WTO. Yet there is considerable debate about the poverty impacts of such an agreement. Some are convinced it will increase poverty, while others are equally convinced that it will lead to poverty reduction. This book brings the best scientific methods to bear on this question, taking into account the specific characteristics embodied in the Doha Development Agenda.

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of the Chinese Economy written by Gregory C. Chow and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-13 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's rapid rise to become the world's second largest economy has resulted in an unprecedented impact on the global system and an urgent need to understand the more about the newest economic superpower. The Routledge Handbook of the Chinese Economy is an advanced-level reference guide which surveys the current economic situation in China and its integration into the global economy. An internationally renowned line-up of scholars contribute chapters on the key components of the contemporary economy and their historical foundations. Topics covered include: the history of the Chinese economy from ancient times onwards; economic growth and development; population, the labor market, income distribution, and poverty; legal, political, and financial institutions; and foreign trade and investments. Offering a cutting-edge overview of the Chinese economy, the Handbook is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers, economists, graduate, and undergraduate students studying this ever-evolving field.

Download or read book Emerging Economies written by Parthasarathi Shome and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-13 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together research on development in three major areas of contemporary global relevance: agriculture and food security, energy, and the institutions of national innovation. Covering six of the largest emerging and developing economies (EDEs) in the world, three Asian (China, India and Malaysia), two Latin American (Brazil and Mexico), and one African (South Africa), the book offers insights on how the major EDEs have addressed the complex and increasingly interrelated issues of agricultural growth, food security and access to energy as part of their growth and development experience over the last three decades. Underscoring the broader view of institutions of national innovation capacities, the volume presents the role of domestic policy and macroeconomic fluctuations in shaping the innovation capacities and development policy in these countries. The book is divided into three main parts. Part I addresses agriculture and food security, while Part II focuses on the energy sector, including the importance of clean energy and energy efficiency in improving access. Parts I and II also cover the role of the major sector-specific innovations for increasing productivity and growth. Subsequently, Part III examines the importance of economy-wide institutions of innovation in the context of supporting growth and development.

Download or read book China s Great Economic Transformation written by Loren Brandt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-14 with total page 887 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This landmark study provides an integrated analysis of China's unexpected economic boom of the past three decades. The authors combine deep China expertise with broad disciplinary knowledge to explain China's remarkable combination of high-speed growth and deeply flawed institutions. Their work exposes the mechanisms underpinning the origin and expansion of China's great boom. Penetrating studies track the rise of Chinese capabilities in manufacturing and in research and development. The editors probe both achievements and weaknesses across many sectors, including China's fiscal, legal, and financial institutions. The book shows how an intricate minuet combining China's political system with sectorial development, globalization, resource transfers across geographic and economic space, and partial system reform delivered an astonishing and unprecedented growth spurt.

Download or read book China Shadow WTO Agricultural Domestic Support Notifications written by Fuzhi Cheng and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agricultural Biotechnology in China written by Valerie J. Karplus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-17 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural Biotechnology in China: Origins and Prospects is a comprehensive examination of how the origins of biotechnology research agendas, along with the effectiveness of the seed delivery system and biosafety oversight, help to explain current patterns of crop development and adoption in China. Based on firsthand insights from China’s laboratories and farms, Valerie Karplus and Dr. Xing Wang Deng explore the implications of China’s investment for the nation’s rural development, environmental footprint, as well as its global scientific and economic competitiveness.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Productivity Analysis written by Emili Grifell-Tatjé and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Productivity underpins business success and national well-being and thus it is crucial to understand the factors that influence productivity growth. This volume provides a comprehensive exploration into the significance of productivity growth for business, the economy, and for social economic progress. It examines how productivity is defined, measured and implemented. It also surveys the dispersion of productivity across time and place, focusing on the productivity dynamics that either leads to a reallocation of resources that reduces dispersion and increases aggregate productivity or, conversely, allows dispersion to persist behind barriers to productivity-enhancing reallocation. A third focus is an investigation of the drivers of, or impediments to, productivity growth, some of which are organizational in nature and under management control and others of which are institutional in nature and subject to public policy intervention. The Oxford Handbook of Productivity Analysis contains contributions of distinguished productivity experts from around the world who analyze a wide range of timely issues. These issues concern purely analytical topics surrounding the measurement of productivity in various situations, beginning with the ideal situation in which all inputs and all outputs, and their prices, are observed accurately. They also include service sectors such as education in which the services provided are hard to define, much less measure, and other sectors that generate undesirable environmental externalities that are difficult to price and complicate the very definition of productivity. The issues also involve business management topics ranging from the role of business models and benchmarking to the quality of management practices, the adoption of new technologies, and possible complementarities between the two. The relationship between productivity and business performance is also explored. At a more aggregate level the issues range from the impacts of market power, incentive regulation, international trade and global value chains on productivity, to the contribution of productivity to economic development and economic welfare.

Download or read book Measuring Services Trade Liberalization and Its Impact on Economic Growth written by Aaditya Mattoo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Countries that fully liberalize their telecommunications and financial services sectors may be able to expect economic growth rates up to 1.5 percentage point higher than rates in other countries.

Download or read book Giannini Reporter written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agricultural Trade Liberalization written by Marcos Sawaya Jank and published by IDB. This book was released on 2004 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Agricultural Trade Liberalization investigates key issues in the Western Hemisphere, including potential scenarios for liberalization at the regional and multilateral levels, the effects of U.S. and European Union agricultural policies on trade, and the outcomes that a Free Trade Area of the Americas and a European Union-Mercosur trade agreement might have on agricultural trade flows. The book also examines the impact of sanitary and phytosanitary measures and biotechnology on agricultural trade, integration of sugar and dairy markets in the Americas, and a comparison of agri-food industries in the United States and Brazil. Finally, the book provides and overview of agricultural liberalization in the U.S.-Central American Free Trade Agreement and suggests a food security typology to be utilized by the World Trade Organization."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Poverty written by Neil McCulloch and published by Centre for Economic Policy Research. This book was released on 2001 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Openness to trade is a key element of economic policy; continuing extreme poverty in developing countries is a disgrace. This Handbook examines how concerns about the world's poor should affect our attitude towards trade liberalization. Part I draws on economic analysis and practical experience to construct a framework to analyse the links between trade liberalization and poverty. It shows policy-makers how to identify the critical features in their economies so they can ensure that the poor benefit from liberalization. Part II explores the reform of particular sectors -- agriculture, services, etc., and particular instruments of trade policy -- export subsidies, anti-dumping measures, etc. It presents an economic analysis of each type of reform, shows the likely outcome for the poor, and discusses the issue's status on the World Trade Organization's agenda. Book jacket.