Download or read book Mountain Weather Research and Forecasting written by Fotini K. Chow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with a broad understanding of the fundamental principles driving atmospheric flow over complex terrain and provides historical context for recent developments and future direction for researchers and forecasters. The topics in this book are expanded from those presented at the Mountain Weather Workshop, which took place in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, August 5-8, 2008. The inspiration for the workshop came from the American Meteorological Society (AMS) Mountain Meteorology Committee and was designed to bridge the gap between the research and forecasting communities by providing a forum for extended discussion and joint education. For academic researchers, this book provides some insight into issues important to the forecasting community. For the forecasting community, this book provides training on fundamentals of atmospheric processes over mountainous regions, which are notoriously difficult to predict. The book also helps to provide a better understanding of current research and forecast challenges, including the latest contributions and advancements to the field. The book begins with an overview of mountain weather and forecasting chal- lenges specific to complex terrain, followed by chapters that focus on diurnal mountain/valley flows that develop under calm conditions and dynamically-driven winds under strong forcing. The focus then shifts to other phenomena specific to mountain regions: Alpine foehn, boundary layer and air quality issues, orographic precipitation processes, and microphysics parameterizations. Having covered the major physical processes, the book shifts to observation and modelling techniques used in mountain regions, including model configuration and parameterizations such as turbulence, and model applications in operational forecasting. The book concludes with a discussion of the current state of research and forecasting in complex terrain, including a vision of how to bridge the gap in the future.
Download or read book Upwelling Ecosystems written by R. Boje and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Upwelling areas are among the most fertile regions of the ocean. In principle, upwelling is caused by the divergence of the flow in the surface layer of the ocean which arises as a consequence of a particular wind field, the presence of a coastline, or other special conditions. Since deeper oceanic layers are usually enriched wi th nutrients, it is the permanent supply of nutrients which forms the basis for the high producti vi ty of upwelling reg ions. The study of upwelling and its consequences were, for a long time, the task of individual scientists from all disciplines of marine science. Today, it is perhaps the branch of oceanography where interdisciplinary coopera tion has developed best. Becoming aware of the large potential yield of upwelling regions, governments in creased the funds for upwelling research. With research activities developed on a larger scale, interdisciplin ary cooperation became a necessity. On the international level, several symposia documented the rapid development. Three volumes reflect the results of these scientific meetings (Rapp. Proc.-Verb. 159, 1970; Inv. Pesq. 35, 1, 1971; Tethys §.' 1-2, 1974). The present book contains selected papers from the Third Symposium on Upwelling Ecosystems, which was held in Kiel in September 1975. Although the third of a series of meetings, it was the first where the word "ecosystem" stood in the title for a scientific program.
Download or read book The Atmospheric Boundary Layer written by J. R. Garratt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-04-21 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book gives a comprehensive and lucid account of the science of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). There is an emphasis on the application of the ABL to numerical modelling of the climate. The book comprises nine chapters, several appendices (data tables, information sources, physical constants) and an extensive reference list. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction, with chapters 2 and 3 dealing with the development of mean and turbulence equations, and the many scaling laws and theories that are the cornerstone of any serious ABL treatment. Modelling of the ABL is crucially dependent for its realism on the surface boundary conditions, and chapters 4 and 5 deal with aerodynamic and energy considerations, with attention to both dry and wet land surfaces and sea. The structure of the clear-sky, thermally stratified ABL is treated in chapter 6, including the convective and stable cases over homogeneous land, the marine ABL and the internal boundary layer at the coastline. Chapter 7 then extends the discussion to the cloudy ABL. This is seen as particularly relevant, since the extensive stratocumulus regions over the subtropical oceans and stratus regions over the Arctic are now identified as key players in the climate system. Finally, chapters 8 and 9 bring much of the book's material together in a discussion of appropriate ABL and surface parameterization schemes in general circulation models of the atmosphere that are being used for climate simulation.
Download or read book Exchange Rate Adjustment Food Security and Welfare of Small scale Farmers in Southern Benin written by Erick Herman Abiassi and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Plan for a Research Program on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change written by Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-05-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book recommends the initiation of an "integrated" research program to study the role of aerosols in the predicted global climate change. Current understanding suggest that, even now, aerosols, primarily from anthropogenic sources, may be reducing the rate of warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to specific research recommendations, this book forcefully argues for two kinds of research program integration: integration of the individual laboratory, field, and theoretical research activities and an integrated management structure that involves all of the concerned federal agencies.
Download or read book Dynamics of Ice Sheets and Glaciers written by Ralf Greve and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-07 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamics of Ice Sheets and Glaciers presents an introduction to the dynamics and thermodynamics of flowing ice masses on Earth. Based on an outline of general continuum mechanics, the different initial-boundary-value problems for the flow of ice sheets, ice shelves, ice caps and glaciers are systematically derived. Special emphasis is put on developing hierarchies of approximations for the different systems, and suitable numerical solution techniques are discussed. A separate chapter is devoted to glacial isostasy. The book is appropriate for graduate courses in glaciology, cryospheric sciences, environmental sciences, geophysics and related fields. Standard undergraduate knowledge of mathematics (calculus, linear algebra) and physics (classical mechanics, thermodynamics) provide a sufficient background for successfully studying the text.
Download or read book An Introduction to Clouds written by Ulrike Lohmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-06-23 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Clouds provides a fundamental understanding of clouds, ranging from cloud microphysics to the large-scale impacts of clouds on climate. On the microscale, phase changes and ice nucleation are covered comprehensively, including aerosol particles and thermodynamics relevant for the formation of clouds and precipitation. At larger scales, cloud dynamics, mid-latitude storms and tropical cyclones are discussed leading to the role of clouds on the hydrological cycle and climate. Each chapter ends with problem sets and multiple-choice questions that can be completed online, and important equations are highlighted in boxes for ease of reference. Combining mathematical formulations with qualitative explanations of underlying concepts, this accessible book requires relatively little previous knowledge, making it ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in atmospheric science, environmental sciences and related disciplines.
Download or read book Marine Coastal Ecosystems Modelling and Conservation written by Marco Ortiz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a collection of large-scale network-modeling studies on coastal systems in Latin America. It includes a novel description of the functioning of coastal complex ecosystems and also predicts how natural and human-made disturbances percolate through the networks. Coastal areas belong to the most populated ecosystems around the globe, and are massively influenced by human impacts such as shipping, mining, fisheries, tourism, pollution and human settlements. Even though many of these activities have facilitated socio-economic development, they have also caused a significant deterioration in natural populations, communities and ecosystems worldwide. Covering coastal marine ecosystems of Latin America such as the NE and SE Pacific, NW Atlantic and Caribbean areas, it discusses the construction of quantitative (Ecopath-Ecosim-Ecospace and Centrality of Node Sets) and semi-quantitative (Loop Analysis) multispecies trophic-network models to describe and assess the impacts of natural and human interventions like pelagic and benthic fishing as well as natural events such as El Niño, and La Niña. The book also features steady state (and/or near moving equilibrium) and dynamical models to support the management of exploited organisms, and applies and quantifies macroscopic indices, based on Ascendency (Ulanowicz) and Local Stability (Levins ́ Loop Analysis). Further, it discusses the determination of the Keystone Species Complex Index, which is a holistic extension of the classical concept of Keystone Species (Paine), offering novel strategies for conservation monitoring and management.
Download or read book Surface Ocean written by Corinne Le Quéré and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2009-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 187. The focus of Surface Ocean: Lower Atmosphere Processes is biogeochemical interactions between the surface ocean and the lower atmosphere. This volume is an outgrowth of the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) Summer School. The volume is designed to provide graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers from a wide range of academic backgrounds with a basis for understanding the nature of ocean-atmosphere interactions and the current research issues in this area. The volume highlights include the following: Background material on ocean and atmosphere structure, circulation, and chemistry and on marine ecosystems Integrative chapters on the global carbon cycle and ocean biogeochemistry Issue-oriented chapters on the iron cycle and dimethylsulfide Tool-oriented chapters on biogeochemical modeling and remote sensing A framework of underlying physical/chemical/biological principles, as well as perspectives on current research issues in the field. The readership for this book will include graduate students and/or advanced undergraduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and researchers in the fields of oceanography and atmospheric science. It will also be useful for experienced researchers in specific other disciplines who wish to broaden their perspectives on the complex biogeochemical coupling between ocean and atmosphere and the importance of this coupling to understanding global change.
Download or read book Proceedings of a Workshop Held at ECMWF on Stratosphere and Numerical Weather Prediction written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Soil Landscape Modeling written by Sabine Grunwald and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Soil-Landscape Modeling: Geographic Information Technologies and Pedometrics presents the latest methodological developments in soil-landscape modeling. It analyzes many recently developed measurement tools, and explains computer-related and pedometric techniques that are invaluable in the modeling process. This volume provi
Download or read book Aerosol Cloud Climate Interactions written by Peter V. Hobbs and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1993-07-22 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol and clouds play important roles in determining the earth's climate, in ways that we are only beginning to comprehend. In conjunction with molecular scattering from gases, aerosol and clouds determine in part what fraction of solar radiation reaches the earth's surface, and what fraction of the longwave radiation from the earth escapes to space. This book provides an overview of the latest research on atmospheric aerosol and clouds and their effects on global climate. Subjects reviewed include the direct and indirect effects of aerosol on climate, the radiative properties of clouds and their effects on the Earth's radiation balance, the incorporation of cloud effects in numerical weather prediction models, and stratospheric aerosol and clouds.
Download or read book Atmospheric Processes over Complex Terrain written by William Blumen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-30 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of the American Meteorological Society are "the development and dissemination of knowledge of meteorology in all its phases and applications, and the advancement of its professional ideals." The organization of the Society took place in affiliation with the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Saint Louis, Missouri, December 29, 1919, and its incorporation, at Washington, D. C., January 21, 1920. The work of the Society is carried on by the Bulletin, the Journal, and Meteorological Monographs, by papers and discussions at meetings of the Society, through the offices of the Secretary and the Executive Secretary, and by correspondence. All of the Americas are represented in the membership of the Society as well as many foreign countries.
Download or read book Process Modelling and Landform Evolution written by Stefan Hergarten and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-04-10 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents approaches to landscape modelling not only from geography but also from various related disciplines, especially from applied mathematics, computer science, and geophysics. New methods of terrain representation, analysis and classification are presented as well as short- and long-term process models. The intention of the book is not to give a complete overview of these broad and complex topics, but to stimulate interdisciplinary cooperation and to encourage scientists to consider the ideas of related disciplines.
Download or read book Spatial Analysis in Geomorphology written by Richard J. Chorley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-10 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1972. This book covers from ‘linear’ statistical methods, regression and variance analysis to multivariate methods to wider spatial analytic techniques, in which a clear association is maintained between quantitative data and the spatial coordinates which locate them. The purpose of this volume is to highlight this coherent area of scholarship under the general headings of spatial point systems, networks, continuous distributions, partitioning and simulation. Seventeen authors from Britain and the United States have been brought together to produce a book whose attention is on the body of spatial techniques necessary to enable the building of dynamic spatial models of landforms which formed the keystone of much geomorphic work in future years.
Download or read book Cartographic Relief Presentation written by Eduard Imhof and published by ESRI, Inc.. This book was released on 2007 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This new edition of Cartographic Relief Presentation was edited for clarity and consistency but preserves Imhof's insightful commentary and analytical style. Color maps, aerial photographs, and instructive illustrations are faithfully reproduced. The book offers guidelines for properly rendering terrain in maps of all types and scales whether drawn by traditional means or with the aid of a computer. Cartographic Relief Presentation was among the essential mapping and graphical design books of the twentieth century. Its continuing relevance for the twenty-first century is assured with this publication."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Geomorphology written by Armin Kohl Lobeck and published by New York, McGraw-Hill. This book was released on 1939 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geomorphology is intended to serve as an introductory text for use in colleges and schools and to convey in an interesting way to the serious reader the main outlines of the subject.
