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Book Problems of City Government  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Problems of City Government Classic Reprint written by L. S. Rowe and published by . This book was released on 2015-08-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Problems of City Government The purpose of this volume is to present an analysis of the general principles involved in city growth. The rapid development of our large cities has a far deeper significance than the administrative problems which they present. Profound changes in social structure are directly traceable to the increasing aggregation of population. In this volume an attempt has been made to ascertain the nature of these changes. My thanks are due to Mrs. Morris Jastrow, Jr., for the careful reading of the manuscript. I also desire to express my obligation to my colleagues, Dr. Simon N. Patten, Dr. Emory R. Johnson, Dr. James T. Young, Dr. William Draper Lewis, and Mr. Murray Gross, for many kindly criticisms and stimulating suggestions. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Problems of Local Government  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Problems of Local Government Classic Reprint written by G. Montagu Harris and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-14 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Problems of Local Government I have attempted, in the following pages, to give a general idea of the contents of the papers submitted to the first International Congress on the Administrative Sciences and of the proceedings at the Congress itself. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Great Cities in America

Download or read book Great Cities in America written by Delos F. Wilcox and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-08 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Great Cities in America: Their Problems and Their Government Three years ago the author undertook to prepare a contribution on "The Government of Great American Cities" to be published in Germany in a series of articles and monographs devoted to a description of city government in several leading countries of the Western World. This series appeared in the Schriften des Vereins fur Socialpolitik under the general title, "Verfassung und Verwaltungsorganization der St dte." Although the author's contribution was published in English, both the form and the substance of the monograph rendered it practically unsuited for general use in America. Accordingly, the work has been thoroughly revised and prepared for publication here as a separate volume in The Citizen's Library. It is a matter of regret that the limitations of space have compelled the author, in this revised work, to confine the discussion to six cities only, - Washington, New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, and Boston. If the method of treatment here adopted should prove acceptable to the public, it may be that at some future time the story will be extended to include Cleveland, Los Angeles, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Denver, Milwaukee, and other cities of the second class in which history is now being made. The present volume is offered to the public with considerable diffidence, for two reasons. In the first place, the method of treatment is experimental. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works."

Book The Problem of City Government

Download or read book The Problem of City Government written by Seth Low and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-08-15 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Problem of City Government: Abstract of an Address by the Hon. Seth Low, of Brooklyn, N. Y., To the Students of History and Politics in the Johns Hopkins University We are now ready to consider the main question. What does good government consist in, and how are we to get it in American cities? Any high conception of good city government implies, first of all, efficiency; second, honesty; third, economy, without parsimony; fourth, foresight; fifth, civic courage. Let us consider these in their order. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Study City Government

Download or read book The Study City Government written by Delos F. Wilcox and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-12 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Study City Government: An Outline of the Problems of Municipal Functions, Control and Organization The problem of the city is so intense and so unlimited that every intelligent citizen who has given no attention to municipal problems owes an apology to his country and to his race. And the student who aspires to be a scholar can de vote himself to no richer or inspiring field than the modern city, its government, its institutions, and its tendencies. As government is the most inclusive organization of men for the attainment of common ends, the problem of the city should be approached from its political and legal sides. If this outline of problems shall serve to suggest to the student the possibilities of the study of city government and of the general city problem, and shall be of any value to him as a guide in his further work, the publication of this volume will have been worth while. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Municipal Government  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Municipal Government Classic Reprint written by Frank J. Goodnow and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-09 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Municipal Government Ihe city. We find in all cotintries large aggregations of persons in small areas which are variously called cities or urban communities. The mere existence of such aggregations presents peculiar phenomena. We ask the questions: How did these aggregations come about? and, How are they constituted! that is, What are the characteristics of urban populations! These questions are of a sociological nature. When we speak of the city or urban community as a mere aggregation of persons we are therefore using the term in a sociological sense. But the presence of these aggregations causes problems to arise which are not sociological in character. For these aggregations must have a governmental organization. Not only must they have such an organization but their problems being peculiar, owing to the density of their population, that organization must be different from that which is accorded to rural communities. When, therefore, we speak of a city or urban community as a governmental organization we are using the term in a political rather than a sociological sense. We are not ttiiTiTriiig 80 much of the reasons why aggregations of persons exist or of the character of their xopulation as of the position which the city occupies as an organ of government and of the political powers which it exercises. It has been said that the political problems of cities are peeoliar. This is due to the character of urban populations.1 Authorities: Veber, The Growth of Cities etc.; Hobson, The Evolntion of Capitalism; Qiddings, Hie Principles of Sociology. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book A Bibliography of Municipal Problems and City Conditions  Classic Reprint

Download or read book A Bibliography of Municipal Problems and City Conditions Classic Reprint written by Robert C. Brooks and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-08-16 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from A Bibliography of Municipal Problems and City Conditions Great Cities and Democratic Institutions. Pickard, C. E. Am. J. Pol. Development of an Efficient City Government. Stewart, Gilbert H. Public Policy (dec. 8, Duties of Citizens in Reference to Municipal Government. Nichols, Wm. I. Municipal League of Philadelphia Pubs. 1892. 12 pp. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book American City Government

    Book Details:
  • Author : Charles A. Beard
  • Publisher : Forgotten Books
  • Release : 2017-11-30
  • ISBN : 9780260920720
  • Pages : 462 pages

Download or read book American City Government written by Charles A. Beard and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from American City Government: A Survey of Newer Tendencies This volume, as its subtitle indicates, is not a systematic treatise on municipal government, but a survey of recent leading tendencies. Its reason for existence, in view of the several works already available, is in the distribution of emphasis, in the stress which it lays on the social and economic functions of city government. Less than one third of the space is given to politics and administration. There is also some difference in the point of view, for the position is here taken that, strictly speaking, there can be no such thing as municipal science, because the most fundamental concerns of cities, the underlying economic foundations, are primarily matters Of state and national, not local, control. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Problem of Municipal Government in the United States

Download or read book The Problem of Municipal Government in the United States written by Seth Low and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-25 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Problem of Municipal Government in the United States: An Address Given Before the Historical and Political Science Association of Cornell University, March 16, 1887 I referred a moment ago, to the wonderful growth of Berlin since 1870. It is, I think, the only city in Europe presenting anything like a parallel growth to that of our American cities. But Berlin in 1870 had been a city for hundreds of years. The Great Elector, and Frederick the Great, and his successors, had made it the pride of their reigns to beautify and ennoble Berlin. As a result, there was a nucleus in the city of great wealth, giving it at once the credit and the ability necessary to provide for the needs forced upon it by this unusual growth. But Brooklyn and Chicago had no such nucleus Of wealth upon which to build their fortunes. They sprang, as it were, out of the very soil; and the same few years which have seen so large a population gather under one City Government, have seen each city supply itself with all the comforts and conveniences of life in these modern times. When one goes to Europe, the first matter to attract one's attention and to make him mourn the condition Of things at home, are the streets. The uniformly good pave ments, and the uniformly clean streets abroad, are the admi ration and the envy of the dwellers in nearly all American cities. It Often is charged against our cities that they fail conspicuously in these palpable respects. But it is forgotten that the era of good pavements and consequently of clean streets, in most of the European cities is less than thirtyyears Old. In Berlin, I believe, it dates from a period more recent than 1870. I would not exculpate our city Officials from any fault justly chargeable to them in regard to the paving and cleaning of our streets; but in forming an esti mate of what the true measure is of the break down in our political institutions in the government Of cities, it is fair to bear in mind that if we do not yet equal European cities in these most desirable respects, the reason is to be found, in part, in the heavy obligations for permanent plant, forced upon our cities by their rapid growth. Time is an element in making a city as well as in the accomplishment of any other great purpose, and we must not charge to our institu tions, failures that really spring from the shortness of time in which they have been at work. Indeed, I think it fairly may be claimed for our institutions, as exemplified in City Govern ments in the United States, that they have shown themselves equal in many ways to grapple with very great and very difficult problems. It is curious, I think, to travel along the border between the United States and Canada, and to note how, wherever one finds a house on the Canadian side, one finds a hamlet on this; where Canada boasts a village, on our side, one finds a town where Canada grows into a town, upon the American side is a city. Partly no doubt, mostly perhaps, this is simply the vigorous life of the nation express ing itself, even at its boundaries. But I fancy also, this claim can be made, that our popular institutions lend them selves readily to the growth of cities, because the ability to provide the necessary comforts and conveniences of city life is within easy reach of the population. As a rule, it is not necessary, for instance, to convince a distant authority of the need for a sewer before it can be constructed nor, can the objection of a few, who possibly hold the purse-strings, long decline to yield to the demands of the many. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com

Book City Government by Commission  Classic Reprint

Download or read book City Government by Commission Classic Reprint written by Clinton Rogers Woodruff and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2015-07-20 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from City Government by Commission For seventeen years the National Municipal Leagie has been the open forum for the discussion of municipal problems. In that time a great mass of valuable papers, documents, and discussions has been accumulated. An increasing quantity of this material, however, is almost inaccessible to new readers, members and investigators, because the editions of the various Proceedings are about exhausted. How shall this material, which has proved so helpful in the past, be made available for the growing numbers of students of municipal affairs? To this question the Business Committee of the League has given its attention, with the result that arrangements have been made with the house of D.Appleton and Company, New York, to publish at popular prices a National Municipal League Series, to be made up of volumes, each dealing with a special phase of the municipal problem. Each one will contain the principal and most timely papers presented to the League dealing with the subject, together with such additional matter as may be necessary to bring the volume up to date and to make it a complete and comprehensive discussion. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book City Management

Download or read book City Management written by Arnold Everett Amstutz and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-01-13 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from City Management: A Problem in Systems Analysis The increasing complexity of modern urban problems calls for more imaginative and creative development of policies, and this in turn requires more sophisticated tools of government to formulate and execute these policies in a coordinated. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Council Government Versus Mayor Government  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Council Government Versus Mayor Government Classic Reprint written by Edward Dana Durand and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-01-24 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Council Government Versus Mayor Government We are first of all confronted with the argument from our own municipal experience. We are told that the American city council has proved itself in practice unfit to be trusted. Its powers have been taken away only because it has abused them. Whatever methods of election or of organization have been tried, it has been found impossible to secure good council men. The system of council rule worked well enough in the early days, with simple administrative problems and a compara tively high qualification for the electorate. But with the intro duction of universal suffrage, the influx of foreign immigrants, the intrusion of party politics and the growth of municipal functions, the system broke down completely. These state ments are usually made as if they were self-evident common places of history. Seldom is any detailed study brought to their support. But historical evidence must be handled with the greatest care in order to be conclusive. Failure rightly to analyze causes and effects and to take account of differences in conditions is apt to vitiate our reasoning. Not yet have we suflicient knowledge of municipal history or suflicient outlook into the future to justify dogmatic conclusions as to the relative success of council rule and mayor rule. A few considerations may be presented, however, which show how comparatively weak is this argument in favor of the mayor system from our experience in city government. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Government of American Cities  Classic Reprint

Download or read book The Government of American Cities Classic Reprint written by William Bennett Munro and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-07 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Government of American Cities The aim of this volume is to describe, in a summary way, the machinery of city government in the United States. In its various chapters an endeavor has been made to outline the growth of American cities, to explain the present-day powers and duties of the city as a municipal corporation, to describe the different organs of municipal government, and to make clear the relations which these bear to one another. The book deals with government rather than with administration, with the framework rather than with the functioning mechanism of the municipal organization. This is not because the latter is in any sense regarded as the less important of the two; but merely because it is proposed to deal fully with that phase of the subject in a later volume. Even as respects governmental organization, moreover, no attempt has been made to cover every point in full detail. I have tried to do no more than to provide, both for the college student of municipal government and for the general reader, an introduction to the study of a very large and important subject. Those who desire more definite or more extensive information than the text contains will find some suggestions at the end of each chapter. In an age when men appear far too ready to proceed with a diagnosis and to prescribe remedies without much preliminary study of the anatomy and the physiology of city government, too much stress upon the importance of the latter branches of the subject can scarcely be laid. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Crisis of the Cities  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Crisis of the Cities Classic Reprint written by Frederick K. Huntington-Vigman and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2015-07-06 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Crisis of the Cities The Factors Of Decline; Roots of Reform, 1. The Purpose of This Study, 5; Impending Bankruptcy; The Matrix of Municipal Insolvency, 7. Reaction Against Indebtedness, 10. The Pattern of Parsimony, 12. The Expensive Twenties, 14. Financial Collapse in the Thirties, 16. Recovery and Stocktaking in the Forties, 18. Search for New Sources of Income and Financing, 20. Impending Bankruptcy, 25; Civic Virtue And Civic Failure; Political Format of the American Municipality, 92. The Reform Movement, 32. Reform Issues of the Interim, 36. Civic Virtue in the Twenties, 40. Crisis of the Thirties, 41. The Forties: Recovery and Old Form Politics, 43. Government by Default, 44; Urban Deterioration And Exodus; The Pattern of Spoliation and Flight, 48. Burned Out Cities: Housing, 50. Deterioration of the Urban Environment, 52. Economic Decay as a Factor in Urban Decline, 57. The Concept of Urban Redevelopment, 58. Suburbs - Flight from the City, 61; City Planning: Urban Renewal Or Dead End?; Genesis of American City Planning, 66. The City Beautiful Concept in City Planning, 70. City Planning as Social Control, 75. The "Long-Haired Planners" of the Forties, 78. The Fifties - the Planning Cul-de-sac, 84; New York: Metropolis In The Toils; Urbanism in Extremis, 88. New York's Checkered History, 89. From Consolidation Through the Thirties, 92. The Decade of Problems - the 1940s, 95. Into the Fifties, 97. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Experts in City Government  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Experts in City Government Classic Reprint written by Edward A. Fitzpatrick and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Experts in City Government WE were crowding together faster than we were learning to live together. We were urbanizing faster than we were civilizing. Hence the problem of the city, and hence the shame of the cities. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Problems of City Government

Download or read book Problems of City Government written by Leo Stanton Rowe and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive analysis of the challenges facing city governments in the early 20th century. It includes a detailed examination of topics such as urban planning, social welfare, and municipal finance. With its nuanced understanding of the complexities of city government, this book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in urban studies and public policy. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Book City Problems  Classic Reprint

Download or read book City Problems Classic Reprint written by Wilson L. Gill and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-20 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from City Problems Major-general Leonard Wood, Military Gov cruor, introduced it into all the schools of Cuba; Mr. W. H. Babbitt, Superintendent of Public In struction, has adopted it for all the schools of the Hawaiian Islands; teachers in every State of our Union, hundreds and maybe thousands, are using this method with good results, and teachers in Eu rope, Asia, Africa and Central and South America have begun its use. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.