Download or read book 1992 Census of Wholesale Trade written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Primality Testing and Integer Factorization in Public Key Cryptography written by Song Y. Yan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primality Testing and Integer Factorization in Public-Key Cryptography introduces various algorithms for primality testing and integer factorization, with their applications in public-key cryptography and information security. More specifically, this book explores basic concepts and results in number theory in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 discusses various algorithms for primality testing and prime number generation, with an emphasis on the Miller-Rabin probabilistic test, the Goldwasser-Kilian and Atkin-Morain elliptic curve tests, and the Agrawal-Kayal-Saxena deterministic test for primality. Chapter 3 introduces various algorithms, particularly the Elliptic Curve Method (ECM), the Quadratic Sieve (QS) and the Number Field Sieve (NFS) for integer factorization. This chapter also discusses some other computational problems that are related to factoring, such as the square root problem, the discrete logarithm problem and the quadratic residuosity problem.
Download or read book Primality Testing in Polynomial Time written by Martin Dietzfelbinger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-08-17 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A self-contained treatment of theoretically and practically important efficient algorithms for the primality problem. The text covers the randomized algorithms by Solovay-Strassen and Miller-Rabin from the late 1970s as well as the recent deterministic algorithm of Agrawal, Kayal and Saxena. The volume is written for students of computer science, in particular those with a special interest in cryptology, and students of mathematics, and it may be used as a supplement for courses or for self-study.
Download or read book Primality Testing and Abelian Varieties Over Finite Fields written by Leonard M. Adleman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-11-15 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Gauss to G|del, mathematicians have sought an efficient algorithm to distinguish prime numbers from composite numbers. This book presents a random polynomial time algorithm for the problem. The methods used are from arithmetic algebraic geometry, algebraic number theory and analyticnumber theory. In particular, the theory of two dimensional Abelian varieties over finite fields is developed. The book will be of interest to both researchers and graduate students in number theory and theoretical computer science.
Download or read book Primality Testing in Polynomial Time written by Martin Dietzfelbinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-06-29 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A self-contained treatment of theoretically and practically important efficient algorithms for the primality problem. The text covers the randomized algorithms by Solovay-Strassen and Miller-Rabin from the late 1970s as well as the recent deterministic algorithm of Agrawal, Kayal and Saxena. The volume is written for students of computer science, in particular those with a special interest in cryptology, and students of mathematics, and it may be used as a supplement for courses or for self-study.
Download or read book Factorization and Primality Testing written by David M. Bressoud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "About binomial theorems I'm teeming with a lot of news, With many cheerful facts about the square on the hypotenuse. " - William S. Gilbert (The Pirates of Penzance, Act I) The question of divisibility is arguably the oldest problem in mathematics. Ancient peoples observed the cycles of nature: the day, the lunar month, and the year, and assumed that each divided evenly into the next. Civilizations as separate as the Egyptians of ten thousand years ago and the Central American Mayans adopted a month of thirty days and a year of twelve months. Even when the inaccuracy of a 360-day year became apparent, they preferred to retain it and add five intercalary days. The number 360 retains its psychological appeal today because it is divisible by many small integers. The technical term for such a number reflects this appeal. It is called a "smooth" number. At the other extreme are those integers with no smaller divisors other than 1, integers which might be called the indivisibles. The mystic qualities of numbers such as 7 and 13 derive in no small part from the fact that they are indivisibles. The ancient Greeks realized that every integer could be written uniquely as a product of indivisibles larger than 1, what we appropriately call prime numbers. To know the decomposition of an integer into a product of primes is to have a complete description of all of its divisors.
Download or read book FST TCS 2002 Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science written by Manindra Agrawal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume consists of the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on the Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2002), organized under the auspices of the Indian Association for Research in Computing Science (IARCS). The conference was held at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur during December 12–14, 2002. The conference attracted 108 submissions (of which two were withdrawn). Of these, a total of 26 papers were selected for presentation in the conference. As in the last year, the PC meeting was held electronically (stretching over nearly three weeks in August 2002) and was a great success. In addition to the contributed papers, we had ?ve invited speakers this year: Hendrik Lenstra, Jr., Harry Mairson, Dale Miller, Chih-Hao Luke Ong, and Margus Veanes. We thank them for accepting our invitation and for providing abstracts (or even full papers) for the proceedings. Two workshops were organized in conjunction with the conference – both in Kanpur. A workshop on Parameterized Complexity was held during December 10–11, organized by Mike Fellows and Venkatesh Raman. The second workshop actually consisted of three miniworkshops: on Coding Theory by Madhu Sudan; on Finite Field Algorithms by Hendrik Lenstra, Jr.; and on Sieve Theory by R. Balasubramanian. We wish to thank all the reviewers and PC members who contributed greatly to making the conference a success. We also wish to thank the team at Springer- Verlag for their help in preparing the proceedings.
Download or read book Notes and Problems in Number Theory Volume I written by Taha Sochi and published by Taha Sochi. This book was released on 2023-10-22 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first volume of a collection of notes and solved problems about number theory. Like my previous books, maximum clarity was one of the main objectives and criteria in determining the style of writing, presenting and structuring the book as well as selecting its contents. Modest mathematical background knowledge is required for understanding most of the contents of the book. In fact, the book in most parts requires no more than a college or secondary school level of general mathematics. So, the intended readers of the book are primarily college (or A-level) students as well as junior undergraduate students (e.g. in mathematics or science or engineering). The book can be used as a text or as a reference for an introductory course on this subject and may also be used for general reading in mathematics. The book may also be adopted as a source of pedagogical materials which can supplement, for instance, tutorial sessions (e.g. in undergraduate courses on mathematics or science).
Download or read book Understanding Cryptography written by CHRISTOF. PELZL PAAR (JAN. GUNEYSU, TIM.) and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding and employing cryptography has become central for securing virtually any digital application, whether user app, cloud service, or even medical implant. Heavily revised and updated, the long-awaited second edition of Understanding Cryptography follows the unique approach of making modern cryptography accessible to a broad audience, requiring only a minimum of prior knowledge. After introducing basic cryptography concepts, this seminal textbook covers nearly all symmetric, asymmetric, and post-quantum cryptographic algorithms currently in use in applications—ranging from cloud computing and smart phones all the way to industrial systems, block chains, and cryptocurrencies. Topics and features: Opens with a foreword by cryptography pioneer and Turing Award winner, Ron Rivest Helps develop a comprehensive understanding of modern applied cryptography Provides a thorough introduction to post-quantum cryptography consisting of the three standardized cipher families Includes for every chapter a comprehensive problem set, extensive examples, and a further-reading discussion Communicates, using a unique pedagogical approach, the essentials about foundations and use in practice, while keeping mathematics to a minimum Supplies up-to-date security parameters for all cryptographic algorithms Incorporates chapter reviews and discussion on such topics as historical and societal context This must-have book is indispensable as a textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses, as well as for self-study by designers and engineers. The authors have more than 20 years’ experience teaching cryptography at various universities in the US and Europe. In addition to being renowned scientists, they have extensive experience with applying cryptography in industry, from whichthey have drawn important lessons for their teaching.
Download or read book Prime Numbers and Computer Methods for Factorization written by Hans Riesel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the modern age of almost universal computer usage, practically every individual in a technologically developed society has routine access to the most up-to-date cryptographic technology that exists, the so-called RSA public-key cryptosystem. A major component of this system is the factorization of large numbers into their primes. Thus an ancient number-theory concept now plays a crucial role in communication among millions of people who may have little or no knowledge of even elementary mathematics. The independent structure of each chapter of the book makes it highly readable for a wide variety of mathematicians, students of applied number theory, and others interested in both study and research in number theory and cryptography.
Download or read book Public Key Cryptography PKC 2023 written by Alexandra Boldyreva and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-01 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-volume proceedings set LNCS 13940 and 13941 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th IACR International Conference on Practice and Theory of Public Key Cryptography, PKC 2023, which took place in March 2023 in Atlanta, GA, USA. The 49 papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 183 submissions. They focus on all aspects of public-key cryptography, covering Post-Quantum Cryptography, Key Exchange and Messaging, Encryption, Homomorphic Cryptography and other topics.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security written by Henk C.A. van Tilborg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 1457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanded into two volumes, the Second Edition of Springer’s Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security brings the latest and most comprehensive coverage of the topic: Definitive information on cryptography and information security from highly regarded researchers Effective tool for professionals in many fields and researchers of all levels Extensive resource with more than 700 contributions in Second Edition 5643 references, more than twice the number of references that appear in the First Edition With over 300 new entries, appearing in an A-Z format, the Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security provides easy, intuitive access to information on all aspects of cryptography and security. As a critical enhancement to the First Edition’s base of 464 entries, the information in the Encyclopedia is relevant for researchers and professionals alike. Topics for this comprehensive reference were elected, written, and peer-reviewed by a pool of distinguished researchers in the field. The Second Edition’s editorial board now includes 34 scholars, which was expanded from 18 members in the First Edition. Representing the work of researchers from over 30 countries, the Encyclopedia is broad in scope, covering everything from authentication and identification to quantum cryptography and web security. The text’s practical style is instructional, yet fosters investigation. Each area presents concepts, designs, and specific implementations. The highly-structured essays in this work include synonyms, a definition and discussion of the topic, bibliographies, and links to related literature. Extensive cross-references to other entries within the Encyclopedia support efficient, user-friendly searches for immediate access to relevant information. Key concepts presented in the Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security include: Authentication and identification; Block ciphers and stream ciphers; Computational issues; Copy protection; Cryptanalysis and security; Cryptographic protocols; Electronic payment and digital certificates; Elliptic curve cryptography; Factorization algorithms and primality tests; Hash functions and MACs; Historical systems; Identity-based cryptography; Implementation aspects for smart cards and standards; Key management; Multiparty computations like voting schemes; Public key cryptography; Quantum cryptography; Secret sharing schemes; Sequences; Web Security. Topics covered: Data Structures, Cryptography and Information Theory; Data Encryption; Coding and Information Theory; Appl.Mathematics/Computational Methods of Engineering; Applications of Mathematics; Complexity. This authoritative reference will be published in two formats: print and online. The online edition features hyperlinks to cross-references, in addition to significant research.
Download or read book Primality Testing for Beginners written by Lasse Rempe-Gillen and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can you tell whether a number is prime? What if the number has hundreds or thousands of digits? This question may seem abstract or irrelevant, but in fact, primality tests are performed every time we make a secure online transaction. In 2002, Agrawal, Kayal, and Saxena answered a long-standing open question in this context by presenting a deterministic test (the AKS algorithm) with polynomial running time that checks whether a number is prime or not. What is more, their methods are essentially elementary, providing us with a unique opportunity to give a complete explanation of a current mathematical breakthrough to a wide audience. Rempe-Gillen and Waldecker introduce the aspects of number theory, algorithm theory, and cryptography that are relevant for the AKS algorithm and explain in detail why and how this test works. This book is specifically designed to make the reader familiar with the background that is necessary to appreciate the AKS algorithm and begins at a level that is suitable for secondary school students, teachers, and interested amateurs. Throughout the book, the reader becomes involved in the topic by means of numerous exercises.
Download or read book Prime Numbers and Computer Methods for Factorization written by H. Riesel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the author treats four fundamental and apparently simple problems. They are: the number of primes below a given limit, the ap proximate number of primes, the recognition of prime numbers and the factorization of large numbers. A chapter on the details of the distribution of the primes is included as well as a short description of a recent applica tion of prime numbers, the so-called RSA public-key cryptosystem. The author is also giving explicit algorithms and computer programs. Whilst not claiming completeness, the author has tried to give all important results known, including the latest discoveries. The use of computers has in this area promoted a development which has enormously enlarged the wealth of results known and that has made many older works and tables obsolete. As is often the case in number theory, the problems posed are easy to understand but the solutions are theoretically advanced. Since this text is aimed at the mathematically inclined layman, as well as at the more advanced student, not all of the proofs of the results given in this book are shown. Bibliographical references in these cases serve those readers who wish to probe deeper. References to recent original works are also given for those who wish to pursue some topic further. Since number theory is seldom taught in basic mathematics courses, the author has appended six sections containing all the algebra and number theory required for the main body of the book.
Download or read book Computational Mathematics with SageMath written by P. Zimmermann and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fantastic and deep book about how to use Sage for learning and doing mathematics at all levels perfectly complements the existing Sage documentation. It is filled with many carefully thought through examples and exercises, and great care has been taken to put computational functionality into proper mathematical context. Flip to almost any random page in this amazing book, and you will learn how to play with and visualize some beautiful part of mathematics. --- William A. Stein, CEO, SageMath, and professor of mathematics, University of Washington SageMath, or Sage for short, is an open-source mathematical software system based on the Python language and developed by an international community comprising hundreds of teachers and researchers, whose aim is to provide an alternative to the commercial products Magma, Maple, Mathematica, and MATLAB. To achieve this, Sage relies on many open-source programs, including GAP, Maxima, PARI, and various scientific libraries for Python, to which thousands of new functions have been added. Sage is freely available and is supported by all modern operating systems. Sage provides a wonderful scientific and graphical calculator for high school students, and it efficiently supports undergraduates in their computations in analysis, linear algebra, calculus, etc. For graduate students, researchers, and engineers in various mathematical specialties, Sage provides the most recent algorithms and tools, which is why several universities around the world already use Sage at the undergraduate level.
Download or read book Information Randomness Incompleteness written by Gregory J. Chaitin and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1987 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers gathered in this book were published over a period of more than twenty years in widely scattered journals. They led to the discovery of randomness in arithmetic which was presented in the recently published monograph on ?Algorithmic Information Theory? by the author. There the strongest possible version of Gdel's incompleteness theorem, using an information-theoretic approach based on the size of computer programs, was discussed. The present book is intended as a companion volume to the monograph and it will serve as a stimulus for work on complexity, randomness and unpredictability, in physics and biology as well as in metamathematics.
Download or read book Applied Number Theory written by Harald Niederreiter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook effectively builds a bridge from basic number theory to recent advances in applied number theory. It presents the first unified account of the four major areas of application where number theory plays a fundamental role, namely cryptography, coding theory, quasi-Monte Carlo methods, and pseudorandom number generation, allowing the authors to delineate the manifold links and interrelations between these areas. Number theory, which Carl-Friedrich Gauss famously dubbed the queen of mathematics, has always been considered a very beautiful field of mathematics, producing lovely results and elegant proofs. While only very few real-life applications were known in the past, today number theory can be found in everyday life: in supermarket bar code scanners, in our cars’ GPS systems, in online banking, etc. Starting with a brief introductory course on number theory in Chapter 1, which makes the book more accessible for undergraduates, the authors describe the four main application areas in Chapters 2-5 and offer a glimpse of advanced results that are presented without proofs and require more advanced mathematical skills. In the last chapter they review several further applications of number theory, ranging from check-digit systems to quantum computation and the organization of raster-graphics memory. Upper-level undergraduates, graduates and researchers in the field of number theory will find this book to be a valuable resource.
