Download or read book Preventing Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by Male Peacekeepers written by Jessica Anania and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual exploitation and abuse by United Nations peacekeeping forces first came to international attention more than a quarter century ago. Despite numerous U.N. policy responses, the problem persists, harming individuals, jeopardizing missions, and undermining the credibility and legitimacy of U.N. peacekeeping operations. This report addresses the question of why more progress has not been made in preventing these violations and draws attention to ways in which prevention efforts can be strengthened and made more effective.
Download or read book Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in UN Peacekeeping written by Kelly Neudorfer and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While serving in United Nations peacekeeping missions, some peacekeepers sexually exploit and abuse the local population, a fact which erupted into a scandal published by many media outlets in 2005 and 2006. This book analyzes factors which may increase the risk of such behavior as well as measures the UN has taken which may have decreased the number of incidents. Using a mixed methods design, the book argues that previous analyses have been largely undertheorized—with the exception of gender theories—and turns to criminology to look at the phenomenon of so-called “Sexual Exploitation and Abuse” (SEA) in a new light. The three risk factors found to increase the likelihood of SEAs are an environment of sexual violence in the mission’s host country, the presence of internally displaced persons close to the mission, and a lack of supervised or regulated contact with the local population. In turn, the presence of an office whose purpose is to collect reports and investigate allegations, training on preventing SEAs for the incoming peacekeepers, and campaigns to empower the local population on these issues all seem to reduce the risk of sexual exploitation and abuse occurring. By using a statistical analysis followed by case studies of the UN peacekeeping missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, and the Golan Heights, the author demonstrates the importance these factors have in the peacekeepers’ behavior on the mission, providing a solid basis upon which future policy recommendations can be made.
Download or read book Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by UN Peacekeepers written by Cassandra Mudgway and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual exploitation and abuse by United Nations (UN) peacekeepers is not an isolated or recent problem, but it has been present in almost every peacekeeping operation. A culture of sexual exploitation and abuse is contrary to the UN’s zero-tolerance policy and has been the target of institutional reforms since 2005. Despite this, allegations of sexual abuse continue to emerge, and the reforms have not solved the problem. This book is a response to the continued lack of accountability of UN peacekeepers for sexual exploitation and abuse. Focusing on military contingent members, this book aims to analyse ways in which the UN can fill the accountability gap while taking a feminist perspective and emphasising the needs of victims, their communities, and the host state. This book directly challenges the status quo of relying on troop-contributing countries (TCCs) to hold their peacekeepers to account. It proposes first, the establishment of a series of hybrid courts, and second, a mechanism for dealing with victim rehabilitation and reparation. It addresses these topics by considering international and human rights law and will be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students with an interest in international criminal law, United Nations peacekeeping, and peace studies.
Download or read book Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in Peacekeeping and Aid written by Jasmine-Kim Westendorf and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2024-07-29 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2003, the UN adopted a zero-tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse by peacekeepers and aid workers. The policy arrived amid a series of scandals revealing sexual misconduct perpetrated against the very people peacekeeping and humanitarian missions were meant to protect. This edited collection, including contributions from academics and practitioners, highlights the challenges of preventing and responding to abuse in peacekeeping and aid work, and the unintended consequences of current approaches. It lays bare the structures of power, coloniality and racism that underpin abuse and hinder accountability while charting a path for future action. This eye-opening book will appeal to academics and students of the politics and practice of peacekeeping and humanitarianism, and to practitioners, policy makers and those working within the field.
Download or read book Regulation of Sexual Conduct in UN Peacekeeping Operations written by Olivera Simic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-25 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book critically examines the response of the United Nations (UN) to the problem of sexual exploitation in UN Peace Support Operations. It assesses the Secretary-General’s Bulletin on Special Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (2003) (SGB) and its definition of sexual exploitation, which includes sexual relationships and prostitution. With reference to people affected by the policy (using the example of Bosnian women and UN peacekeepers), and taking account of both radical and ‘sex positive’ feminist perspectives, the book finds that the inclusion of consensual sexual relationships and prostitution in the definition of sexual exploitation is not tenable. The book argues that the SGB is overprotective, relies on negative gender and imperial stereotypes, and is out of step with international human rights norms and gender equality. It concludes that the SGB must be revised in consultation with those affected by it, namely local women and peacekeepers, and must fully respect their human rights and freedoms, particularly the right to privacy and sexuality rights.
Download or read book Dealing with Disgrace written by Jeni Whalan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "UN peacekeeping has survived many crises throughout its history, but none has provoked such distinctive disgrace as peacekeepers committing sexual violence against those they are meant to protect. Two decades of incremental reform have not stopped sexual abuse by peacekeepers, and determined rhetoric has not translated into effective action. Against this backdrop, the UN Security Council broke its relative silence on this issue by adopting Resolution 2272 in March 2016. This report analyzes Resolution 2272's approach to preventing sexual exploitation and abuse in UN peacekeeping and examines the key debates and controversies that have accompanied it. It identifies nine implementation requirements flowing from the resolution and makes twenty-one recommendations for delivering them" --
Download or read book International Human Rights of Women written by Niamh Reilly and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-11-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the broad spectrum of human rights issues and violations as they are experienced by women and sexual minorities across civil, political, social, economic, and/or cultural domains, in different regions, countries, and contexts. It offers cogent summaries of concepts, debates, and trends vital to understanding the field and informing practice to advance the human rights of women. The book looks into such issues as: persistent discrimination in political and economic life; gender-based violence in public and private spheres; obstacles to reproductive and maternal human rights; threats to women human rights defenders; discrimination and violence against LGBT people; violations of women's human rights in conflict situations; and the nexus between sustainable development goals, climate change, and the human rights of women. It also addresses human rights violations in the name of culture or religion, and the challenges in realising the human rights of girls. Finally, the volume showcases effective strategies to advance the human rights of women in the form of national remedial measures and through engagement with international and regional human rights bodies and mechanisms.
Download or read book Unintended Consequences of Peacekeeping Operations written by Chiyuki Aoi and published by UNU. This book was released on 2007 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deployment of a large number of soldiers, police officers and civilian personnel inevitably has various effects on the host society and economy, not all of which are in keeping with the peacekeeping mandate and intent or are easily discernible prior to the intervention. This book is one of the first attempts to improve our understanding of unintended consequences of peacekeeping operations, by bringing together field experiences and academic analysis. The aim of the book is not to discredit peace operations but rather to improve the way in which such operations are planned and managed.
Download or read book The Women in Blue Helmets written by Lesley J. Pruitt and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-06-28 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Women in Blue Helmets tells the story of the first all-female police unit deployed by India to the UN peacekeeping mission in Liberia in January 2007. Lesley J. Pruitt investigates how the unit was originated, developed, and implemented, offering an important historical record of this unique initiative. Examining precedents in policing in the troop-contributing country and recent developments in policing in the host country, the book offers contextually rich examination of all-female units, explores the potential benefits of and challenges to women’s participation in peacekeeping, and illuminates broader questions about the relationship between gender, peace, and security.
Download or read book Women s Legal Rights written by Malvina Halberstam and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the possibility of ratification of international covenants providing rights for women as an alternative to the ERA Constitutional Amendment. Existing U.S. laws are compared with those set forth in the international treaties on women's rights being proposed for adoption by the Senate.
Download or read book Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in UN Peackeeping Operations written by Ashley Streat and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On October 31, 2000, the United Nations (UN) Security Council passed Resolution 1325. The resolution was passed in response to allegations of sexual abuse against UN peacekeepers across several missions and in an effort to advance the cause of gender equality, which the UN has championed for many decades. Among its many provisions, the resolution called for gender mainstreaming and the increased participation of women throughout the peacekeeping process. The majority of UN policymakers pushed for more female troops to be deployed in peacekeeping operations to battle the abuses committed on the ground by male peacekeepers, which they felt required an immediate and aggressive response. This dissertation examines whether this emphasis on the presence of female troops to combat problems of sexual exploitation and abuse committed by male troops has been successful or not. Do more female troops curtail the frequency of sexual exploitation or abuse or has the policy been misguided? Most studies of this problem have been case studies focusing on particular cases at particular times. The few empirical studies that have been undertaken have only been able to study a limited period of time with incomplete data. This important question can be empirically examined over time with new data released by the UN which includes the number of allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse committed by peacekeepers since 1990. Ultimately, I find that the number of female troops is an important determinant of sexual exploitation and abuse, but that several other factors relating to necessary and sufficient conditions for sexual assault are important as well. I conclude policies encouraging more female troop participation by the UN may be a first line of defense, but other measures can be taken that will provide the UN with a multi-faceted approach to the problem that will be more effective in the long run.
Download or read book Responses to Sexual Violence by Blue Helmets in Peacekeeping Missions written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2015 im Fachbereich Politik - Thema: Frieden und Konflikte, Sicherheit, Note: 1,7, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Children, women and men in conflict areas are not only affected by the more obvious forms of violence, but too often also have to face all forms of gender-based violence, including rape, prostitution, trafficking etc. Although the United Nations (UN) send their peacekeeping troops with the goal to establish and maintain peace and the well-being of the local civilians, some bluehelmets use their position to sexually violate the vulnerable population. However, as worse as only these violations might be, often the negative effects do not stop with the mere act. A whole range of problems is closely related to sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA): infections of HIV or other sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancies and abandoned children, making the victims suffer double. Although there exists a comprehensive legal framework regarding sexual violence, the problem obviously continues to exist as statistics of the number of allegations per year reveal: 105 in 2004, 340 in 2005, 82 in 2006, 136 in 2007, 111 in 2008; 154 in 2009. In the light of this shocking high rates of assaults, one must not forget however, that only the officially registered allegations are enlisted, the dark figure is estimated to be even several times higher if one considers the chronic under-reporting in post-conflict areas. Bearing in mind, this thesis focuses on the responses given by the UN to the problem of sexual abuse and exploitation of women, men, girls and boys by bluehelmets during peacekeeping missions. The central question is therefore: What has been done so far and what else needs to be done? Since it is essential to first try to understand why violations of sexual nature continue to occur in the first place to be able to derive possible responses and solutions to combat this problem, chapter 2 “Factors promoting the continuance of SEA and under-reporting” will focus on the context conditions that foster the increased likelihood of assaults. In the next chapter, this thesis will give an overview of the major responses given by the UN. Due to a lack of concrete and detailed statistics as well as deeper and comparative case studies, it won't be able to determine the effectiveness of these measures implemented until now. However, some obvious flaws will be pointed out and further necessary actions and measures presented in chapter 4 “What more needs to be done?”
Download or read book Rethinking Peacekeeping Gender Equality and Collective Security written by G. Heathcote and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-01 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how the Security Council has approached issues of gender equality since 2000. Written by academics, activists and practitioners the book challenges the reader to consider how women's participation, gender equality, sexual violence and the prevalence of economic disadvantages might be addressed in post-conflict communities.
Download or read book Reparations for Victims of Genocide War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity written by Carla Ferstman and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides detailed analyses of systems that have been established to provide reparations to victims of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, and the way in which these systems have worked and are working in practice. Many of these systems are described and assessed for the first time in an academic publication. The publication draws upon a groundbreaking Conference organised by the Clemens Nathan Research Centre (CNRC) and REDRESS at the Peace Palace in The Hague, with the support of the Dutch Carnegie Foundation. Both CNRC and REDRESS had become very concerned about the extreme difficulty encountered by most victims of serious international crimes in attempting to access effective and enforceable remedies and reparation for harm suffered. In discussions between the Conference organisers and Judges and officials of the International Criminal Court, it became ever more apparent that there was a great need for frank and open exchanges on the question of effective reparation, between the representatives of victims, of NGOs and IGOs, and other experts. It was clear to all that the many current initiatives of governments and regional and international institutions to afford reparations to victims of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes could benefit greatly by taking into full account the wide and varied practice that had been built up over several decades. In particular, the Hague Conference sought to consider in detail the long experience of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims against Germany (the Claims Conference) in respect of Holocaust restitution programmes, as well as the practice of truth commissions, arbitral proceedings and a variety of national processes to identify common trends, best practices and lessons. This book thus explores the actions of governments, as well as of national and international courts and commissions in applying, processing, implementing and enforcing a variety of reparations schemes and awards. Crucially, it considers the entire complex of issues from the perspective of the beneficiaries - survivors and their communities - and from the perspective of the policy-makers and implementers tasked with resolving technical and procedural challenges in bringing to fruition adequate, effective and meaningful reparations in the context of mass victimisation.
Download or read book From Protection to Predation written by Stean A. N. Tshiband and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of Sexual violence is a very critical issue in the context of Armed Conflicts. Belligerents use this form of violence as a weapon or strategy of war. This practice has incited much indignation in the world opinion, but much has not been done to bring perpetrators face justice despite the adoption of Security Council 1820. United Nations Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKOs) are established in order to assist states and populations recover from the trauma of conflicts and set foundations for effective peace-building. Peacekeepers, always viewed as virtuous soldiers, built on the respect of norms and principles of humanity; that is reason why they constitute an assured refuge and protection for traumatized populations. To achieve this task, they are vested with some privileges and immunities, but these powers led sneaked into abuses and exploitation of civilians under peacekeepers' protection. Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) appears in the forms of 'sex for food', 'sex for money', 'sex for job' or any other type of transaction in exchange of sexual favors. The Standards of the United Nations prevent any type of exploitation or abuse of human being, especially those having a sexual connotation. This paper is an analysis of SEA committed by United Nations Peacekeepers, surrounding factors, and the impact they cast upon international peacemaking efforts.
Download or read book War and Gender written by Joshua S. Goldstein and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-07-17 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender roles are nowhere more prominent than in war. Yet contentious debates, and the scattering of scholarship across academic disciplines, have obscured understanding of how gender affects war and vice versa. In this authoritative and lively review of our state of knowledge, Joshua Goldstein assesses the possible explanations for the near-total exclusion of women from combat forces, through history and across cultures. Topics covered include the history of women who did fight and fought well, the complex role of testosterone in men's social behaviours, and the construction of masculinity and femininity in the shadow of war. Goldstein concludes that killing in war does not come naturally for either gender, and that gender norms often shape men, women, and children to the needs of the war system. lllustrated with photographs, drawings, and graphics, and drawing from scholarship spanning six academic disciplines, this book provides a unique study of a fascinating issue.
Download or read book Equal Opportunity Peacekeeping written by Sabrina Karim and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments such as Sweden's' Feminist Foreign Policy, the "Hillary Doctrine," and the integration of women into combat roles in the U.S. have propelled gender equality to the forefront of international politics. The UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, however, has been integrating gender equality into peacekeeping missions for nearly two decades as part of the women, peace and security agenda that has been most clearly articulated in UNSC Resolution 1325. To what extent have peacekeeping operations achieved gender equality in peacekeeping operations and been vehicles for promoting gender equality in post-conflict states? While there have been major improvements related to women's participation and protection, there is still much left to be desired. Sabrina Karim and Kyle Beardsley argue that gender power imbalances between the sexes and among genders place restrictions on the participation of women in peacekeeping missions. Specifically, discrimination, a relegation of women to safe spaces, and sexual exploitation, abuse, harassment, and violence (SEAHV) continue to threaten progress on gender equality. Using unique cross-national data on sex-disaggregated participation of peacekeepers and on the allegations of SEAHV, as well as original data from the UN Mission in Liberia, the authors examine the origins and consequences of these challenges. Karim and Beardsley also identify and examine how increasing the representation of women in peacekeeping forces, and even more importantly through enhancing a more holistic value for "equal opportunity," can enable peacekeeping operations to overcome the challenges posed by power imbalances and be more of an example of and vehicle for gender equality globally.
