Download or read book Prevalence and Geographic Patterns of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis in Texas written by Andrea Villamizar Gomez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 50 years, amphibian populations have undergone dramatic declines worldwide. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the causes for the decline of these populations. Contributing factors include habitat loss, shifts in temperature and rainfall patterns, changes in UV-B, and contamination through anthropogenic activities, and Emergent Infectious Diseases. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is the pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious pathogen, known to be causing declines of amphibians across the globe and threatening overall ecosystem health. While chytridiomycosis in North American amphibians has attracted interest from researchers, the prevalence of this pathogen in Texas remains largely unexplored. To address this deficit, I collected samples during one year from five Wildlife Management Areas across a gradient precipitation. These results suggest that community composition, and differences in environmental conditions affect the prevalence of Bd in an area, suggesting that areas with higher species richness and higher annual precipitation have increased pathogen prevalence. Then, to understand Bd prevalence in time and its historic distribution in Texas, I examined the temporal range of the pathogen's prevalence, using museum collection specimens dating from 1930 up to 2010. The earliest detection of Bd in Texas was confirmed to be in 1936, suggesting that this pathogen is enzootic to the region. We also determined two pathogen hotspot areas in Central and East Texas. With this study, we provide an updated assessment of the prevalence of the historic and current distribution of Bd among species as well as across the landscape of Texas. It may also reveal species that are not susceptible to the pathogen where their presence can help mitigate the spread of this disease and could aid in the conservation efforts for endangered species.
Download or read book Prevalence of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis in Amphibian Communitites of Central Texas and Tamaulipas Mexico written by Andrea Villamizar Gomez and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a fungus that causes chytridiomycosis on infected amphibians, and has been implicated as a potential causative agent in the amphibian population declines of the past 50 years. This study seeks to assess the prevalence of Bd in amphibian communities in Central Texas and the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. In Central Texas two counties were evaluated during the spring of 2012, and for the Tamaulipas assessment samples of 18 amphibian species were collected between 2004 and 2008 at 16 different localities that ranged from 100-2900 meters in elevation. All the samples were obtained from non-consumptive toe clippings and swabs. The presence of the pathogen was assessed by using a Taqman quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) assay in a highly sensitive approach to detection. Interestingly, there is a low prevalence for Bd in Central Texas in comparison with previous studies conducted in this area. All samples tested from Tamaulipas were negative for the presence of the pathogen. This study implies that monitoring the pathogen in both southern Texas and northern Mexico requires explicit changes to normal surveys protocols. To better understand the dynamics of the fungus in these environments, will require increased efforts during periods that accommodate pathogen thermal preferences. Further exploration in this regions and adjacent areas will help to inform of the prevalence, widespread and epidemiology of Bd and would help prioritize conservation efforts.
Download or read book Geographical Patterns in the Distribution of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis and Outbreaks of Fatal Chytridiomycosis in European Amphibian Populations written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prevalence of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis and the Presence of Inhibitory Bacteria Amongst Anuran Species of Eastern Texas written by Kristen Danielle Barnaby and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a fungal species that has been implicated in the decline of amphibians worldwide. Previous research has indicated that symbiotic bacteria on the integument of amphibians may inhibit the growth of B. dendrobatidis, thus increasing their survival rate in some areas. Frogs were sampled in Nacogdoches, Texas and swabbed for B. dendrobatidis infection and the presence of inhibitory bacteria. A total of two out of seventy-two samples (Acris creptans and Hyla versicolor) tested positive for the fungus and several different inhibitory bacterial species were identified. Additional research is necessary to determine the extent to which bacteria are able to prevent B. dendrobatidis infection as well as to identify more inhibitory species.
Download or read book Ranaviruses written by Matthew J. Gray and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book on ranaviruses. Ranaviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that cause hemorrhagic disease in amphibians, reptiles, and fish. They have caused mass die-offs of ectothermic vertebrates in wild and captive populations around the globe. There is evidence that this pathogen is emerging and responsible for population declines in certain locations. Considering that amphibians and freshwater turtles are suitable hosts and the most imperiled vertebrate taxa in the world, ranaviruses can have significant impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function. Additionally, many fish that are raised in aquaculture facilities and traded internationally are suitable hosts; thus, the potential economic impact of ranaviruses is significant. Ranaviruses also serve as a model for replication and gene function of large double-stranded DNA viruses. There is an urgent need to assemble the contemporary information on ranaviruses and provide guidance on how to assess their threats in populations. Through the Global Ranavirus Consortium, 24 experts from six countries were organize to write this volume, the first book on ranaviruses. The book begins with a discussion on the global extent of ranaviruses, case histories of infection and disease in ectothermic vertebrates, and current phylogeny. Basic principles of ranavirus ecology and evolution are covered next, with a focus on host-pathogen interactions and how the virus emerges in its environment. There are two chapters that will discuss the molecular biology of ranaviruses, host response to infection, and the genes responsible for immune system evasion. One chapter establishes standards for testing for infection and diagnosing ranaviral disease. The book ends by providing guidance on how to design ranavirus surveillance studies and analyze data to determine risk, and discussing the role of the Global Ranavirus Consortium in organizing research and outreach activities.
Download or read book New Frontiers of Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases written by Serge Morand and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular epidemiology has recently broaden its focuses due to the development of molecular tools but also by incorporating advances of other fields such as mathematical epidemiology, molecular ecology, population genetics and evolution. Facing new risks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases that are threats for humans and their livestock, the objectives of molecular epidemiology include: - the development of molecular tools, genotyping and gene expression - the incorporation of concepts and results of population genetics of infectious diseases - the integration of recent advances in theoretical epidemiology and evolutionary ecology of diseases - a better understanding of transmission for the development of risk factors analyses. This book will demonstrate how the latest developments in molecular tools and in epidemiology can be integrated with studies of host-pathogen interactions. Besides a strong theoretical component, there will also be an emphasis on applications in the fields of epidemiology, public health, veterinary medicine, and health ecology. Students and researchers in the fields of epidemiology, animal and human health, evolutionary ecology, parasitology are the main potential readers of the book, as well as a broader audience from veterinary medicine and conservation.
Download or read book Frogs of the United States and Canada written by C. Kenneth Dodd Jr. and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2023-06-20 with total page 991 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The premiere reference book on the 108 species of frogs inhabiting North America north of Mexico. An unparalleled synthesis of the biology and behavior of all native and nonindigenous species, this two-volume, extensively referenced resource has been called the most important book ever published on North American anura. Color photographs and range maps accompany species accounts detailing information on etymology, nomenclature, identification, distribution, fossil record, systematics and geographic variation, life history and ecology, behavior, population and community biology, and conservation. This new edition of the text contains the following updates: Literature citations have been added from 2012 to 2021, now spanning from 1709 to 2021. Distribution maps have been updated, recording the decreased ranges due to declining amphibian populations. Photographs have been revised to ensure the highest digital quality. Anaxyrus williamsi and Lithobates kauffeldi, newly described species, have been included. An account is also included for Gastrophryne mazatlanensis, now recognized as occurring within the United States. Generic keys have been added. A brief section on N.A. frogs in history and art have been added. Nomenclature has been updated (Incilius for Ollotis). Now the only up-to-date and comprehensive resource for those trying to protect amphibians in the US and Canada, as well as for researchers and wildlife managers who study biodiversity"--
Download or read book Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems written by Pascal Godefroit and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-05 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1878, the first complete dinosaur skeleton was discovered in a coal mine in Bernissart, Belgium. Iguanodon, first described by Gideon Mantell on the basis of fragments discovered in England in 1824, was initially reconstructed as an iguana-like reptile or a heavily built, horned quadruped. However, the Bernissart skeleton changed all that. The animal was displayed in an upright posture similar to a kangaroo, and later with its tail off the ground like the dinosaur we know of today. Focusing on the Bernissant discoveries, this book presents the latest research on Iguanodon and other denizens of the Cretaceous ecosystems of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Pascal Godefroit and contributors consider the Bernissart locality itself and the new research programs that are underway there. The book also presents a systematic revision of Iguanodon; new material from Spain, Romania, China, and Kazakhstan; studies of other Early Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems; and examinations of Cretaceous vertebrate faunas.
Download or read book Wildlife Disease Ecology written by Kenneth Wilson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-14 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces readers to key case studies that illustrate how theory and data can be integrated to understand wildlife disease ecology.
Download or read book Emerging Viral Diseases written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-03-19 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past half century, deadly disease outbreaks caused by novel viruses of animal origin - Nipah virus in Malaysia, Hendra virus in Australia, Hantavirus in the United States, Ebola virus in Africa, along with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), several influenza subtypes, and the SARS (sudden acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronaviruses - have underscored the urgency of understanding factors influencing viral disease emergence and spread. Emerging Viral Diseases is the summary of a public workshop hosted in March 2014 to examine factors driving the appearance, establishment, and spread of emerging, re-emerging and novel viral diseases; the global health and economic impacts of recently emerging and novel viral diseases in humans; and the scientific and policy approaches to improving domestic and international capacity to detect and respond to global outbreaks of infectious disease. This report is a record of the presentations and discussion of the event.
Download or read book A Conservation Strategy for the Amphibians of Madagascar written by Franco Andreone and published by Museo Reg. Scienze Nat. Torino. This book was released on 2008 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Field Guide to the Frogs Other Amphibians of Africa written by Alan Channing and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-19 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 815 species of amphibian have been described on the African continent - 788 frogs, 23 caecilians and four salamanders. Field Guide to the Frogs & other Amphibians of Africa is the first guide ever to cover all these species. It features a brief introduction with tips for handling and identifying amphibians and a useful illustrated guide to each family group serves as a first step towards species ID. Species accounts describe physical features, distribution, habitat, biology, advertisement calls and conservation status, and are supported by colour photographs and up-to-date distribution maps. This guide will prove invaluable to nature lovers, tour guides, students and scientists.
Download or read book Costa Rican Ecosystems written by Maarten Kappelle and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1502, Christopher Columbus named Costa Rica, and while gold and silver never materialized to justify the moniker of rich coast in purely economic terms, scientists and ecotravelers alike have long appreciated its incredible wealth. Wealth in Costa Rica is best measured by its biodiversityhome to a dizzying number of plants and animals, many endemic, it s a country that has long encouraged and welcomed researchers from the world over, and is exemplary in the creation and commitment to indigenous conservation and management programs. Costa Rica is considered to have the best preserved natural resources in Latin America. Approximately nine percent (about 1,000,000 acres) of Costa Rica has been protected in 15 national parks, and a comparable amount of land is protected as wildlife refuges, forest reserves or Indian reservations. This long-awaited synthesis of Costa Rican ecosystems is an authoritative presentation of the paleoecology, biogeography, structure, conservation, and sustainable use of Costa Rica s ecosystems. It systematically covers the entire range of Costa Rica s natural and managed, terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems, including its island systems (Cocos Islands), the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and shores (coasts, coral reefs, mangrove forests), its lowlands (dry, season and wet forests), its highlands (the northern volcanoes and southern Talamanca s), and its estuaries, rivers, lakes, swamps and bogs. The volume s integrated, comprehensive format will be welcomed by tropical and temperate biologists alike, by biogeographers, plant and animal ecologists, marine biologists, conservation biologists, foresters, policy-makers and all scientists, natural history specialists and all with an interest in Costa Rica s ecosystems."
Download or read book Animal Diversity and Biogeography of the Cuatro Ci negas Basin written by Fernando Álvarez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates the contemporary fauna that inhabit the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin. Divided into 15 chapters, it addresses and describes their diversity, taxonomic and biogeogaphic affinities, and ecological characteristics. The Cuatro Ciénegas Valley is a unique oasis in the south-central region of the State of Coahuila, part of the Sonoran Desert, in Mexico. Several clues, specially derived from the study of the microbiota, suggest a very ancient origin of the valley and its permanence through time. This condition had promoted a high level of endemism and led to unique interactions between the resident species.
Download or read book Declines and Disappearances of Australian Frogs written by Alastair Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: of possible causal factors; the need to support research into new areas - particularly disease as a potentially major factor influencing global declines; the need to support strategic research and to develop protocols to address this issue; and the need to support research on fluctuating asymmetry as a possible early warning tool for predicting declines. They also requested that the workshop proceedings be published; that a brochure on declining frogs be prepared; that a web site to provide up to date information about declining frog issues be established and that a national but restricted internet discussion group on frogs should be established.y, it
Download or read book The Fungal Kingdom written by Joseph Heitman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 1136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi research and knowledge grew rapidly following recent advances in genetics and genomics. This book synthesizes new knowledge with existing information to stimulate new scientific questions and propel fungal scientists on to the next stages of research. This book is a comprehensive guide on fungi, environmental sensing, genetics, genomics, interactions with microbes, plants, insects, and humans, technological applications, and natural product development.
Download or read book Freshwater Biodiversity written by David Dudgeon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-21 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing human populations and higher demands for water impose increasing impacts and stresses upon freshwater biodiversity. Their combined effects have made these animals more endangered than their terrestrial and marine counterparts. Overuse and contamination of water, overexploitation and overfishing, introduction of alien species, and alteration of natural flow regimes have led to a 'great thinning' and declines in abundance of freshwater animals, a 'great shrinking' in body size with reductions in large species, and a 'great mixing' whereby the spread of introduced species has tended to homogenize previously dissimilar communities in different parts of the world. Climate change and warming temperatures will alter global water availability, and exacerbate the other threat factors. What conservation action is needed to halt or reverse these trends, and preserve freshwater biodiversity in a rapidly changing world? This book offers the tools and approaches that can be deployed to help conserve freshwater biodiversity.
