Download or read book Prediction of Polymeric Membrane Separation and Purification Performances written by Alexander Anim-Mensah and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-21 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief describes the development of a new model for realistically characterizing solution-diffusion transport mechanisms in polymeric membranes that are used for separation and purification of organic solvents. Polymeric membranes used in these environments, if not selected appropriately, undergo excessive swelling and compaction resulting in lowered performance or membrane destruction in the long-term. This brief describes the relationship between key parameters from a chemical, mechanical and thermodynamic perspective. Moreover, the authors show how this new model points membrane manufacturers, scientists, and engineers towards an understanding of how these key parameters are considered in (1) designing and manufacturing membranes for the right application, (2) designing the right test experiments to determine the long-term membrane behavior in a short time, (3) minimizing the number of experiments to determine a reliable membrane for an application and (4) selecting the right membrane with higher level of certainty. The overall benefits of the model includes saving money and time. A simplified version of the model is included to assist the reader.
Download or read book Polymeric Membranes for Water Purification and Gas Separation written by Rasel Das and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various organic and synthetic polymers are important materials for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater and the separation of gases. The book discusses various types of membranes for microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis etc. A number of nanomaterials are available for the modification of polymeric membranes. Keywords: Polymeric Membrane, Water Purification, Water Softening, Water Desalination, Gas Separation, Osmosis Membranes, Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, Carbon Nanotube, Nanosheets, MOFs, Porous Organic Cages, Titanium Dioxide, Zinc Oxide, Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles, O2/N2 Separation, CO2/CH4 Separation, H2/N2 Separation.
Download or read book Polymeric Gas Separation Membranes written by D.R. Paul and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymeric Gas Separation Membranes is an outstanding reference devoted to discussing the separation of gases by membranes. An international team of contributors examines the latest findings of membrane science and practical applications and explores the complete spectrum of relevant topics from fundamentals of gas sorption and diffusion in polymers to vapor separation from air. They also compare membrane processes with other separation technologies. This essential book will be valuable to all practitioners and students in membrane science and technology.
Download or read book Polymer Membranes written by T. deV. Naylor and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the constitution and application of polymeric membranes in separation processes. The separation processes covered are reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, gas separation, pervaporation and ion exchange. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database provides useful references for further reading.
Download or read book Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification written by J.G. Crespo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-06-30 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current vigour in separations research principally derives from the need for pioneering separations processes in an emerging technology (biotechnology), from new societal emphases (reduction of chemical emissions into the environment), as well as from opportunities for achieving dramatic improvements in the efficiency of a number of manufacturing technologies through the development of a new generation of membranes (novel membrane applications). Accordingly, the contributions to this volume are grouped into `Membranes in Biotechnology' (11 papers), `Membranes in Environmental Technology' (6 papers), and `New Concepts' (4 papers). This is followed by one contribution each on `Energy Requirements' and `Education', i.e. membrane processes within an academic curriculum. The book thus amounts to a state-of-the-art review of applied membrane processes. Even though other texts have appeared in recent years, a more documented, practical book is needed, with a strong interaction with the collateral disciplines of materials sciences, life sciences and environmental science. This book emphasizes the need for such an integrated approach to membrane processes.
Download or read book Handbook of Membrane Separations written by Anil K. Pabby and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 1334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of the Handbook of Membrane Separations: Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food, and Biotechnological Applications provides a comprehensive discussion of membrane applications. Fully updated to include the latest advancements in membrane science and technology, it is a one-of-its-kind overview of the existing literature. This fully illustrated handbook is written by experts and professionals in membrane applications from around the world. Key Features: • Includes entirely new chapters on organic solvent-resistant nanofiltration, membrane condensers, membrane-reactors in hydrogen production, membrane materials for haemodialysis, and integrated membrane distillation • Covers the full spectrum of membrane technology and its advancements • Explores membrane applications in a range of fields, from biotechnological and food processing to industrial waste management and environmental engineering This book will appeal to both newcomers to membrane science as well as engineers and scientists looking to expand their knowledge on upcoming advancements in the field.
Download or read book Polymeric Membrane Synthesis Modification and Applications written by Chandan Das and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-12 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membranes and membrane separation techniques have grown from a simple laboratory tool to an industrial process with considerable technical and commercial impact. The book deals with both the fundamental concepts of preparation, characterization and modification, practical applications along with recent advancements of electro-spun and phase inverted polymeric membranes. Divided into two parts, part one of this book covers the fundamental concepts and practical applications of novel electro-spun membranes while the latter covers basic concepts and further advancements of the conventional phase inverted membranes extensively. Key Features Covers fundamental concepts and practical applications of electro-spun and phase inverted polymeric membranes Includes general properties, characterization, preparation and modification of polymeric membranes Discusses advanced modification of polymeric membranes (functionalization, grafting) using phase inversion process, and effects of solubility parameter and additives on the phase inversion process Reviews electro-spun membranes for biomedical applications, industrial effluents treatment and removal of water contaminants Explores a separate economic analysis section for the discussed membranes
Download or read book Handbook of Membrane Separations written by Anil Kumar Pabby and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Membrane Separations: Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food, and Biotechnological Applications, Second Edition provides detailed information on membrane separation technologies from an international team of experts. The handbook fills an important gap in the current literature by providing a comprehensive discussion of membrane application
Download or read book Polymeric Membranes written by Darrell E. Hance and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Membranes For Gas Separations written by Moises A Carreon and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-08-11 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims at illustrating several examples of different membrane compositions ranging from inorganic, polymeric, metallic, metal organic framework, and composite which have been successfully deployed to separate industrially relevant gas mixtures including hydrogen, nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, olefins/parafins among others. Each book chapter highlights some of the current and key fundamental and technological challenges for these membranes that must be overcome in order to envision its application at industrial level.
Download or read book Characterisation and Prediction of Membrane Separation Performance written by Darren Lee Oatley and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insane in the Membrane Modification of Polymeric Membranes for High Performance Water Separations written by Brian McVerry and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is not unknown that the worldwide freshwater supply is dwindling and current freshwater sources are being contaminated. The total amount of freshwater, which makes up 2.5- 3% of the total water on earth, is actually sufficient to sustain the growing population for many years. However, the disproportionate geographical distribution of freshwater raises issues, as many people occupy arid regions. The transport or piping of large volumes of water over long distances is typically prohibitively expensive and/or prevented by geopolitical interests. The drive to produce freshwater locally from non-traditional sources has advanced in recent years and current energy and production costs have fallen due to technological advances. Filtration through polymeric materials has emerged as the leading technology for freshwater production from seawater, brackish water, and wastewater. Polymer membranes have surpassed ceramic membranes as the leading filtration medium because of their low-cost and versatility. Large sheets of membranes can be cast using an in-line manufacturing process and pore sizes can be readily tuned for specific applications. However, membrane fouling severely limits the advantages and economics of polymeric membrane-based separations. This dissertation will examine methods to produce fouling-resistant membranes that maintain the low- cost and scalability of polymer membranes for ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. The first chapter presents a brief history and introduction to membrane technology and its current status. This chapter outlines membrane casting methods, the polymers used in casting films and their advantages, different configurations for membrane modules, the effects of fouling, and the cost of fouling. The second chapter introduces a new hydrophilic, polyaniline-based additive that was synthesized to blend into polysulfone unltrafiltration membranes. Sulfonated polyaniline (SPANi) is a self-doped polyaniline derivative that is readily synthesized using fuming sulfuric acid. SPANi, when de-doped, is soluble in polar organic solvents and insoluble in water, making it an excellent candidate for blending into ultrafiltration membranes. When redoped at pH 7, the presence of pendant sulfonic acid groups creates a zwitterionic species. Zwitterionic moeities are known to possess super-hydrophilic and ultra-low fouling properties. When blended into polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membranes at low concentrations, the SPANi-PSf membranes demonstrate greater hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties when compared to pure PSf membranes with nominal changes in performance. For reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, the active or "skin" layer that performs the separation is a dense, non-porous polymer. Thus, blending hydrophilic molecules into the active layer or modifying the chemistry of the active layer affects the separation properties of the resulting polymer blend. To address this issue, researchers have grafted hydrophilic polymers to the surface of membranes to impart anti-fouling properties without significant changes in their performance. In Chapter 3, a new method is presented using photoactive hydrophilic polymer precursors to modify membrane surfaces. With this new method, commercial RO membranes can be modified rapidly under ambient conditions, maintaining the roll-to-roll scalability of RO membrane processing. The grafted commercial RO membranes exhibit enhanced hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties when compared with unmodified RO membranes. Chapter 4 investigates applying the same method of imparting anti-fouling properties to polymeric membranes as discussed in Chapter 3, except here this method is applied to ultrafiltration (UF) membranes used for membrane bioreactors. Membrane bioreactor technology has gained attention recently for its highly efficient ability to clean wastewater. However, the concentrated loading of organics and microorganisms into the reactor medium leads to high fouling rates. First, modeling data are presented that identifies specific acid-base interactions between different foulants and the membrane surface that accelerate membrane fouling. New photoactive small molecule precursors were then synthesized and covalently bound to the membrane surface to repel these interactions. The small molecule with the greatest repulsive interaction, a zwitterionic derivative, imparted the greatest anti-fouling properties to the commercial UF membranes. The modified membranes exhibited low fouling rates in both a short-term and a long-term study. Chapter 5 summarizes the dissertation and outlines the key takeaways.
Download or read book Gas Transport in Glassy Polymers written by Maria Grazia De Angelis and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue of Membranes focuses on several new aspects of fluid transport in glassy polymers, with application in relevant membrane separations such as gas purification, VOC removal and CO2 capture. In particular, the focus lies on novel experimental techniques, and detailed characterization of specific phenomena like polar and multicomponent interactions during transport. The properties of novel materials, such as mixed matrix membranes based on glassy polymers and different selective fillers, are also presented. A critical review of existing modeling approaches to describe the sorption and transport in glassy polymers suitable for membrane separations is provided, including both macroscopic and atomistic models, and relying both on the standard solution–diffusion process and on the facilitated transport mechanism.
Download or read book Advancement in Polymer Based Membranes for Water Remediation written by Sanjay K. Nayak and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advancements in Polymer-Based Membranes for Water Remediation describes the advanced membrane science and engineering behind the separation processes within the domain of polymer-based membrane systems in water remediation. Emphasis has been put on several aspects, ranging from fundamental concepts to the commercialization of pressure and potential driven membranes, updated with the latest technological progresses, and relevant polymer materials and application potential towards water treatment systems. Also included in this book are advances in polymers for membrane application in reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, forward osmosis, and polymeric ion-exchange membranes for electrodialysis and capacitive deionization. With its critical analyzes and opinions from experts around the world, this book will garner considerable interest among actual users, i.e., scientists, engineers, industrialists, entrepreneurs and students. Evaluates water remediation using pressure driven and potential driven membrane processes Reviews emerging polymer systems for membranes preparation Offers a comprehensive analysis in the development of polymer-based membranes and their applications in water remediation Analyzes membrane performance parameters to evaluate separation efficiency for various water pollutants Covers concept-to-commercialization aspects of polymer-based membranes in terms of water purification, pollutant removal, stability and scalability
Download or read book Formation Characterization and Performance Testing of Poly phenylene Oxide and Modified Poly phenylene Oxide Membranes for Gas Separation written by Feras Hamad and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work was focused on gas separation membranes made from high molecular weight poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenyl oxide) (PPO) and its chemically modified derivatives. The molecular weight of the polymer was calculated to be 316400 g/mol corresponding to 1.57 dL/g intrinsic viscosity in chloroform. The research objectives are to (i) study the effect of chemical modification of PPO on the gas separation performance of membranes made from the resulting polymers; (ii) study and compare the formation of dense and composite membranes based on PPO, and correlate the formation of these membranes to their performance and morphology; (iii) put forward a model to predict and evaluate the performance of composite membranes based on the intrinsic properties of the individual polymeric layers forming the composite membrane. The objectives of the research covered the following topics of membrane science: (i) material development and modification, (ii) membrane-gas penetrant interaction, (iii) membrane morphology and formation, and (iv) mathematical modeling of transport phenomena in porous and thin film composite membranes. The gas separation performance of the membranes was tested based on the permeation of CO2, CH4, O2, and N2 gases. The membrane selectivity was mainly judged by CO2/CH4 and O2/N2 permeability ratios. These gases are of relevant industrial and/or environmental interest. The chemical modification of PPO was carried out via sulfonation, bromination, and simultaneous sulfonation and bromination. The gas permeability in 20% and 37.4% brominated PPO membranes increased slightly, while it increased significantly in 60% brominated PPO, in comparison to that of the parent polymer. The permeability ratio of PPO was maintained in the resulting brominated PPO. Infrared study showed that bromination resulted in stiffening the torsional motion of the phenyl ring around the ether link, and at moderate and high bromination levels, the interference of the bromine group with neighboring methyl groups became significant. This conformed to the postulation that high bromination level is needed to produce significant increase in the length of a diffusional jump segment, hence the diffusional jumps rate. The effect of sulfonation of PPO, and the effect of replacing the proton of the sulfonic groups with: mono-valent, di-valent, and tri-valent metal cations, was investigated. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Download or read book Investigating Surface Modification and Incorporation of Inorganic Nanowires and Particles for Enhanced Performance of Water filtration Polymer Membranes written by Yi Feng and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water treatment is, collectively, the industrial-scale processes that make water more acceptable for an end-use, which may be drinking, industry, or medicine. Due to the increasingly severe water shortage problem and growing concerns on the water quality, water treatment, which is closely relative to daily life, has always been placed under the spotlight of scientific research so far. Conventionally, water has been treated primarily using physical-chemical treatment such as sand filtration and disinfection. Not only these conventional methods required large area of operations that would require high operational cost, but may also be incapable to treat several persistence pollutants.Membrane separation is a technology which selectively separates (fractionates) materials via pores and/or minute gaps in the molecular arrangement of a continuous structure. Membrane separation has many advantages such as no chemical addition, small operation area, relatively high filtration efficiency, low cost and et al. Not only that, the stringent standard required for water supply and effluent discharge also promotes the innovative development of separation membranes and membrane separation process. Based on the type of material, membranes can be classified into polymeric membranes and inorganic membranes. Despite the fact that some polymeric membranes have already been commercialized and emerged as a favourable filter media for water treatment, there are still several limitations such as relatively low flowrate, low antifouling property and low mechanical properties. Therefore, many additives have been added into polymeric membranes to synthesize polymer-based composite membranes to tackle these problems and to further enhance the efficiency of water treatment. In this thesis, three different types of materials have been chosen as additives to incorporate into microfiltration or ultrafiltration polymeric membranes, aiming to enhance the water treatment performance. The first type of materials is germanate nanowires with different lengths. We for the first time found that the lengths of nanowires play a key role in determining the morphology change and subsequent water treatment performance; thus by controlling the length, we successfully obtains nanowire-enhanced polymeric membranes with fast permeation at the maintenance of rejection. In the second part, we developed a simple, economic and practical method to coat cheap chitosan onto the top of polymeric membranes. Though such membranes show a slight decrease of flux, the rejection, antifouling property and antibacterial property were greatly improved. Theoretical calculation shows that the weakened bonding between foulant and membrane surface resulting from chitosan-grafting is responsible for the improved antifouling property. The third type of material is alumina particles. The main purpose of this part is to study how inorganic particle size and loading affect the morphology change, performance and mechanical property of polymeric membranes with hollow shape. Results show that such inorganic particle/polymeric membranes have higher tensile and compressive properties compared to the pristine polymeric membranes and both particle size and particle loading matters in determining the improvement of mechanical properties. Despite the improvement in mechanical properties, the rejection of such membranes was greatly sacrificed due to the detachment of particles from polymer during the formation of membranes, especially when high-loading micron-sized alumina was used. Therefore, CNTs were further added into high loading micron-sized alumina/polymeric membranes to hinder such detaching effect. Results show that the incorporation of CNTs not only further enhance the permeation and mechanical properties but also the rejection and antifouling property. All in all, in this thesis, we choose three different types of materials and incorporate them into polymeric membranes to enhance the water treatment performance (flux, rejection, antifouling and mechanical properties), offering some useful and practical designing knowledge or methods to the synthesis of high-performance polymer-based membranes for water treatment processes.
Download or read book Affinity Membranes written by Elias Klein and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1991-02-14 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the latest findings for both selective and efficient separation devices in the field of kidney research. It is divided into three major sections. Part one deals with the ``biochemistry'' part of the problem, including how to identify ligands of interest, how to link them to synthetic membranes, and some kinetic limitations of frontal elution chromatography. The second part comprehensively discusses the various substrata used in affinity separations and the formation processes of semi-permeable membranes. The final section explores the filtration processes using membranes and the kinetics of separations based on affinity membranes.
