Download or read book Precision Guided Munitions and the Law of War written by Danielle L. Gilmore and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Precision guided Munitions and Human Suffering in War written by James E. Hickey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: James Hickey proceeds from the premise that throughout history, humans have demonstrated a proclivity for using violence against one another as a means to achieve an end, means enabled, in many respects, by the technologies available at the time. Advancing technology has often been a prime enabler of ever-increasing levels of violence and attendant human suffering. At a few junctures in history, however, certain technologies have seemingly provided the armed forces that possess them the ability to fight wars with decreasing levels of violence and suffering. Today, precision-guided munitions (PGMs) with their high degree of discrimination and accuracy again hold such promise. This book seeks to answer the question: Do PGMs mitigate suffering in war, and have these weapons changed the way decisions regarding war and peace have been made? Answering this question helps us understand possible shifts in emphasis in modern warfare, both in terms of methods employed and of the greater concern placed on limiting human suffering during conflict. This book will help students of ethics, just war and military history and senior military and civilian leaders to understand the possible outcomes and wider implications of their strategic choices to use such technology.
Download or read book Weapons of Choice written by Paul G. Gillespie and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History and deployment of smart weapons In the United States, efforts to develop precision guided munitions—PGMs—began during the First World War and resulted in an 'aerial torpedo' by the 1920s. While World War II was dominated by large-scale strategic bombing—essentially throwing out tons of free-falling munitions in the hope they hit something important—both sides in the war worked to develop airborne munitions that could be steered toward a target. However after that war, U.S. national security policy focused on the atomic bomb, hardly a weapon that needed to be directed with accuracy. The cost of emphasis on atomic weapons was revealed in the general unsuitability of American tactics and weapons deployment systems during the Vietnam War. Lessons learned in that conflict, coupled with rapid technological developments in aerodynamics, lasers, and solid-state electronics, brought air power dramatically closer to the "surgical strike" now seen as crucial to modern warfare. New technology created attractive choices and options for American policymakers as well as field commanders, and events in the Arab-Israeli wars, the U.S. raid on Libya, and most dramatically in the first Gulf War created an ever-increasing demand for the precision weapons. The prospect of pinpoint delivery of weapons right to the enemy's door by speeding aircraft seems to presage war in which the messy and politically risky deployment of ground troops is unnecessary. The potential of such weapons, and their strategic limitations, made the Gulf War and Iraqi War living theater for assessing what such weapons can and cannot do and have important implications for planning for future warfare.
Download or read book Precision guided Munitions and Human Suffering in War written by James E. Hickey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: James Hickey proceeds from the premise that throughout history, humans have demonstrated a proclivity for using violence against one another as a means to achieve an end, means enabled, in many respects, by the technologies available at the time. Advancing technology has often been a prime enabler of ever-increasing levels of violence and attendant human suffering. At a few junctures in history, however, certain technologies have seemingly provided the armed forces that possess them the ability to fight wars with decreasing levels of violence and suffering. Today, precision-guided munitions (PGMs) with their high degree of discrimination and accuracy again hold such promise. This book seeks to answer the question: Do PGMs mitigate suffering in war, and have these weapons changed the way decisions regarding war and peace have been made? Answering this question helps us understand possible shifts in emphasis in modern warfare, both in terms of methods employed and of the greater concern placed on limiting human suffering during conflict. This book will help students of ethics, just war and military history and senior military and civilian leaders to understand the possible outcomes and wider implications of their strategic choices to use such technology.
Download or read book Precision Guided Munitions and Collateral Damage written by Edward R. Lucas and published by . This book was released on 2003-06-01 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology, state policy, and international law all come together to determine if the use of Precision Guided Munitions (PGMs) is required by the law of armed conflict to reduce collateral damage in urban air operations. Both international standards and standards for the United States, the world leader in PGM technology, is addressed. The use of PGMs may be required by international law, as determined on a case-by-case basis, based on the information available at the time the mission was planned and executed. Factors that go into the determination of whether or not a PGM must be employed under the law of armed conflict include limiting factors such as environmental disruption or effective guidance jamming, and PGM availability. Availability is not only measured in immediate availability, but also considers whether or not there is a need to sustain a long operation, as opposed to the use of force in an isolated raid. This paper also discuses whether, pursuant to the Martens Clause, a rule of customary law requiring the use of PGMs in all circumstances where there was the possibility of collateral damage could evolve. Due to the continuous development of new means of warfare, the lengthy process of developing custom, and, most importantly, the international law preference for recognizing general principles rather than creating specific prohibitions when there is no controlling treaty, customary international law requiring the use of PGMs is not likely to crystallize,
Download or read book The Moral and Ethical Implication of Precision Guided Munitions written by Air University and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerial precision is airpower's modern contribution to the just war tradition. The fundamental purpose of this analysis is to examine the ethical and moral implications of this statement and identify some of the inherent dilemmas resulting from it for political decision makers and military strategists. In addition, likely trends and characteristics of American airpower in the twenty-first century are examined. In a world where international relations are dominated increasingly by pragmatism, this study recognizes the importance of moral virtues and ethical reasoning in political and military affairs.This book explores the relationship between one of the most significant military capabilities to emerge in the past century, namely aerial precision-guided munitions, and the just war tradition. The book is straightforward: specifically, there are moral, social, and political dilemmas associated with a “perfect” aerial precision capability and influenced by the just war tradition that may not be readily apparent to political decision makers and military strategists. This work examines the historical development of aerial precision since World War I and the emergence of the just war tradition and international law since 1625. It then identifies specific dilemmas associated with the two sorts of judgments required by the just war tradition, namely jus ad bellum and jus in bello, and explores the ramifications of these dilemmas for consideration by future airpower strategists. The aim of this study is to encourage moral and ethical reflection by politicians and strategists at all levels. The issues at hand are aerial precision doctrine, the predominant use of precision-guided munitions as the modern aerial weapon of choice, and the influence of the just war tradition on strategic decisions.
Download or read book The Moral and Ethical Implications of Precision guided Munitions written by Scott F. Murray and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work explores the relationship between one of the most significant military developments to emerge in the past century, namely, aerial precision-guided munitions and their relationship with the just-war tradition. The thesis is straightforward. There are moral, social, and political dilemmas associated with a perfect aerial precision bombardment capability that are influenced by the just-war tradition and may not be readily apparent to political decision makers and military strategists. This work examines the historical development of aerial precision since World War I and the emergence of the just-war tradition and international law since 1625. It then identifies specific dilemmas associated with the two sorts of judgments required by the just-war tradition, namely, jus ad bellum (justice of war) and jus in bello (justice in war), and explores their ramifications. The aim of this study is to encourage moral and ethical reflection by politicians, strategists, and tacticians at all levels. The issues at hand are aerial precision doctrine, the use of the precision-guided munition as the modern aerial weapon of choice, and the influence of the just-war tradition on strategic and tactical decisions.
Download or read book Death by Moderation written by David A. Koplow and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-11-30 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses an important but little-noticed phenomenon in the revolutionary world of military technology. Across a wide range of otherwise-unrelated weapons programs, the Pentagon is now pursuing arms that are deliberately crafted to be less powerful, less deadly, and less destructive than the systems they are designed to supplement or replace. This direction is historically anomalous; military forces generally pursue ever-bigger bangs, but the modern conditions of counter-insurgency warfare and military operations 'other than war' (such as peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance) demand a military capable of modulated force. By providing a capacity to intervene deftly yet effectively, the new generations of 'useable' weaponry should enable the U.S. military to accomplish its demanding missions in a manner consistent with legal obligations, public relations realities, and political constraints. Five case studies are provided, regarding precision-guided 'smart bombs', low-yield nuclear weapons, self-neutralizing anti-personnel land mines, directed-energy anti-satellite weapons, and non-lethal weapons.
Download or read book Department of Defense Law of War Manual written by Office of Gen Counse Dep't of Defense and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 1166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Defense Law of War Manual belongs on the shelf of every researcher, journalist, lawyer, historian, and individual interested in foreign affairs, international law, human rights, or national security. The Manual provides a comprehensive, authoritative interpretation of the law of war for the U.S. Department of Defense.
Download or read book The Moral and Ethical Implications of Precision Guided Munitions written by Scott F. Murray and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerial precision is airpower's modern contribution to the just war tradition. The fundamental purpose of this analysis is to examine the ethical and moral implications of this statement and identify some of the inherent dilemmas resulting from it for political decision makers and military strategists. In addition, likely trends and characteristics of American airpower in the twenty-first century are examined. In a world where international relations are dominated increasingly by pragmatism, this study recognizes the importance of moral virtues and ethical reasoning in political and military affairs. This work explores the relationship between one of the most significant military capabilities to emerge in the past century, namely aerial precision-guided munitions, and the just war tradition. The thesis is straightforward: specifically, there are moral, social, and political dilemmas associated with a perfect aerial precision capability and influenced by the just war tradition that may not be readily apparent to political decision makers and military strategists. This work examines the historical development of aerial precision since World War I and the emergence of the just war tradition and international law since 1625. It then identifies specific dilemmas associated with the two sorts of judgments required by the just war tradition, namely jus ad bellum and jus in bello, and explores the ramifications of these dilemmas for consideration by future airpower strategists. The aim of this study is to encourage moral and ethical reflection by politicians and strategists at all levels. The issues at hand are aerial precision doctrine, the predominant use of precision-guided munitions as the modern aerial weapon of choice, and the influence of the just war tradition on strategic decisions.
Download or read book Precision Guided Munitions and the New Era of Warfare written by Richard P. Hallion and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Precision guided Munitions and Human Suffering in War written by James E. Hickey (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Military Technology Has it Changed the Rules of Warfare written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research report examines the impact technology has had upon the rules and laws which govern the conduct of warfare. Using examples from Operation DESERT STORM, such as stealth technology and precision guided munitions, as well as other technology which may or may not be fielded, such as blinding lasers, it discusses whether the standards for applying the laws of armed conflict have changed. More precisely, the author looks at the principles of collateral damage, military necessity, and discrimination. The author concludes that international standards have not changed and therefore do not require a nation-state which possesses such superior technology to use it. Finally, the author examines the area of information warfare and the insufficiency of law to guide the cyber warrior's actions.
Download or read book Precision Guided Munitions written by Paul G. Gillespie and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the history of an emergent class of weapons known collectively as precision guided munitions (PGMs). Arising from historical antecedents in the First and Second World Wars, the specific technologies that made precision guidance a reality in the late 1960s were, nevertheless, the unique product of concerted actions taken within the U.S. military, the federal government, and civilian industry. Precision weapons did not emerge as a natural consequence of technological change, but were consciously constructed in response to the purposes, ethics, and values of American society. Certainly the creation of important enabling technologies, notably lasers and semiconductor integrated circuits, played a decisive role in the development of these advanced weapons. However, the emergence of guided weapons is inexplicable without also considering America's evolving defense policy; the military doctrine that translated that policy into specific weapon systems; and twentieth-century wartime demand, which stimulated research and development by providing added urgency, requirements, and resources. Entering America's arsenal at the height of cold war tensions, PGMs provided an appealing alternative to the largely impotent nuclear bombs and missiles that had become the centerpiece of U.S. military strategy. Post-Vietnam military operations highlighted a marked shift in emphasis away from mass destruction in favor of inflicting precise, controlled damage. Reliance upon this technological innovation has produced a remarkable three-tiered revolutionary transformation in munitions technology, armed conflict, and U.S. national security policy.
Download or read book Precision guided Munitions written by James Digby and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report was prepared for the conference on 'The Impact of New Technologies on U.S. Defense Planning for Non-Nuclear Conflict, ' sponsored by The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, to be held in Boston, Massachusetts, September, 1974.
Download or read book Law on the Battlefield written by A. P. V. Rogers and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HPCR Manual on International Law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare written by Harvard School of Public Health. Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-08 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Manual provides an up-to-date restatement of existing international law applicable to the conduct of air and missile warfare.
