Download or read book Pre Transitional Populations written by Christine Langhoff and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-09 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2002 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Demographics, Urban Management, Planning, grade: 1.1, Oxford University (New College), 9 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Demographic growth has not been uniform over time. Periods of expansion have alternated with others of stagnation and even decline; and the interpretation of these, even for relatively recent historical periods, is not an easy task. The numerical progress of population has been, if not dictated, at least constrained by many forces and obstacles which have determined the general direction of the path of its growth. These can be categorised as biological and environmental. The former are linked to the laws of mortality and reproduction which determine the rate of demographic growth; the latter determine the resistance which these laws encounter and further regulate the rate of growth. Biological and environmental factors affect each other reciprocally and so are not independent of one another. For the most part the mechanisms for re-establishing an equilibrium of population growth are the product of choice (fertility, nuptiality and migration) although some are automatic. The sizes of households and families have varied over time, but they seem to have been similar in different societies despite differences in the types of households. It has to be noted that the European marriage and family formation is neither universal nor is it totally unique.
Download or read book Pre transitional populations Historical and anthropological demography written by Christine Langhoff and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2002-06-03 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2002 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Demographics, Urban Management, Planning, grade: 1.1, Oxford University (New College), language: English, abstract: Demographic growth has not been uniform over time. Periods of expansion have alternated with others of stagnation and even decline; and the interpretation of these, even for relatively recent historical periods, is not an easy task. The numerical progress of population has been, if not dictated, at least constrained by many forces and obstacles which have determined the general direction of the path of its growth. These can be categorised as biological and environmental. The former are linked to the laws of mortality and reproduction which determine the rate of demographic growth; the latter determine the resistance which these laws encounter and further regulate the rate of growth. Biological and environmental factors affect each other reciprocally and so are not independent of one another. For the most part the mechanisms for re-establishing an equilibrium of population growth are the product of choice (fertility, nuptiality and migration) although some are automatic. The sizes of households and families have varied over time, but they seem to have been similar in different societies despite differences in the types of households. It has to be noted that the European marriage and family formation is neither universal nor is it totally unique.
Download or read book The Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences written by Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition from hunting and gathering to farming – the Neolithic Revolution – was one of the most signi cant cultural processes in human history that forever changed the face of humanity. Natu an communities (15,100–12,000Cal BP) (all dates in this chapter are calibrated before present) planted the seeds of change, and the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) (ca. 12,000–ca. 8,350Cal BP) people, were the rst to establish farming communities. The revolution was not fully realized until quite late in the PPN and later in the Pottery Neolithic (PN) period. We would like to ask some questions and comment on a few aspects emphas- ing the linkage between biological and cultural developments during the Neolithic Revolution. The biological issues addressed in this chapter are as follows: × Is there a demographic change from the Natu an to the Neolithic? × Is there a change in the overall health of the Neolithic populations compared to the Natu an? × Is there a change in the diet and how is it expressed? × Is there a change in the physical burden/stress people had to bear with? × Is there a change in intra- and inter-community rates of violent encounters? From the cultural perspective the leading questions will be: × What was the change in the economy and when was it fully realized? × Is there a change in settlement patterns and site nature and organization from Natu an to Neolithic? × Is there a change in human activities and division of labor?
Download or read book Handbook of Palaeodemography written by Isabelle Séguy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-20 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines methods for linking osteo-archaeological data with historical and environmental sources to shed light on the living conditions of past populations. Covering all time periods from prehistory to the 20th century, it aims to construct models that capture plausible demographic dynamics from highly fragmentary evidence. Starting from the known in order to explore the unknown, this book presents a historical view of methods used in the past and present as well as proposes original ones. The paleodemographic methods presented in this handbook have been tested on anthropological and archaeological data and can easily be applied. This manual represents a fruitful collaboration between historical demographers and anthropological archaeologists who, with the help of mathematicians and statisticians, detail research that opens an important historical dimension to the discipline. Written in a readily understandable manner, it serves as an ideal resource for those wishing to interpret ancient bones in demographic terms.
Download or read book Population Growth Anthropological Implications written by University of Pennsylvania. Near East Center and published by Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. This book was released on 1972 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays collected in this book explore a new and important field of study--the interrelationship between population growth and decline and changes in technology, culture, and social organization. They were generated by a discussion of Ester Boserup's anti-Malthusian theory that the increased pressures of population on resources triggered evolutionary changes in the technology, culture, and social organization of historical agricultural societies. Each author has reacted to the "Boserup Model" both in terms of his own sets of data and his personal theoretical inclinations; yet a common theme emerges--that changes in population pressure are a "sometimes gentle, sometimes compelling [but] ever-present force" in history and society.Chapters are arranged according to the types of data they present. The first half of the book deals with agriculture as a subsistence base, while the second half treats broader problems of cultural change or intensification in the context of technological diversity. The book itself is based on a conference, "Population, Resources, and Technology," which was organized by anthropology professor Brian Spooner and held at the University of Pennsylvania in 1970.Contents: "The Evolution of Early Agriculture and Culture in Greater Mesopotamia: A Trial Model, " Philip E. L. Smith and T. Cuyler Young, Jr.; "Demography and the "Urban Revolution" in Lowland Mesopotamia, " Robert McC. Adams; "From Autonomous Villages to the State, a Numerical Estimation, " Robert L. Carneiro; "A Regional Population in Egypt to circa 600 B.C., " David O'Connor; "Population, Agricultural History, and Societal Evolution in Mesoamerica, " William T. Sanders; "Plow and Population in Temperate Europe, " Bernard Wailes; "Some Aspects of Agriculture in Taita, " Alfred Harris; "Farm Labor and the Evolution of Food Production, " Bennet Bronson; "Sacred Power and Centralization: Aspects of Political Adaptation in Africa, " Robert McC. Netting; "The Iranian Deserts, " Brian Spooner; "Demographic Aspects of Tibetan Nomadic Pastoralism, " Robert B. Ekvall; "Population Growth and Political Centralization, " Don E. Dumond; "Prehistoric Population Growth and Subsistence Change in Eskimo Alaska, " Don E. Dumond; "Population Growth and the Beginnings of Sedentary Life among the !Kung Bushmen, " Richard B. Lee; "The Intensification of Social Life among the !Kung Bushmen, " Richard B. Lee; "Biological Factors in Population Control, " Solomon H. Katz; "The Viewpoint of Historical Demography, " John D. Durand.
Download or read book Recent Advances in Palaeodemography written by Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-22 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been developed from a core of papers selected for the paleodemographic session of the 25th World Population Congress (July 2005, Tours, France). It covers recent paleodemographic innovations, in terms of data, techniques and the detection of patterns making it possible to highlight hitherto unknown prehistoric demographic processes.
Download or read book Demographic Transition Theory written by John C. Caldwell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-21 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has a strong theoretical focus and is unique in addressing both mortality and fertility over the full span of human history. It examines the demographic transition in the change in the human condition from high mortality and high fertility to low mortality and low fertility. It asks if fluctuating populations is a new phenomenon, or if there has long been an inherent tendency in Man to maximize survival and to control family size.
Download or read book Fertility Conjuncture Difference written by Philip Kreager and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last forty years anthropologists have made major contributions to understanding the heterogeneity of reproductive trends and processes underlying them. Fertility transition, rather than the story of the triumphant spread of Western birth control rationality, reveals a diversity of reproductive means and ends continuing before, during, and after transition. This collection brings together anthropological case studies, placing them in a comparative framework of compositional demography and conjunctural action. The volume addresses major issues of inequality and distribution which shape population and social structures, and in which fertility trends and the formation and size of families are not decided solely or primarily by reproduction.
Download or read book Anthropological Demography written by David I. Kertzer and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1997-07-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised papers originally presented at the Brown University Conference on Anthropological Demography, Nov 3-5, 1994.
Download or read book Population and Development written by Tim Dyson and published by Zed Books Ltd.. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demographic transition and its related effects of population growth, fertility decline and ageing populations are fraught with controversy. When discussed in relation to the global south and the modern project of development, the questions and answers become more problematic. Population and Development offers an expert guide on the demographic transition, from its origins in Enlightenment Europe through to the rest of the world. Tim Dyson examines how, while the phenomenon continues to cause unsustainable population growth with serious economic and environmental implications, its processes have underlain previous periods of sustained economic growth, helped to liberate women from the domestic domain, and contributed greatly to the rise of modern democracy. This accessible yet scholarly analysis will enable any student or expert in development studies to understand complex and vital demographic theory.
Download or read book Population Pressure and Cultural Adjustment written by Virginia Deane Abernethy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating research from anthropology, biology, and history, this provocative, brilliant book proposes a theory of demographic equilibrium. The author's hypothesis is that human beings, like many other species, are able to adjust their population numbers to the carrying capacity of the environment. Abernethy points out that in response to perception of scarcity or abundance of resources, culturally mediated values, beliefs and behavioral patterns are modified in ways that can either raise or lower rates of population growth. Abernethy in this way moves beyond the ideological debates that have sundered the field of policy and population. In real world time and space, cultural adjustments that balance population and resources are made over a long stretch in relatively stable or known environments. These adjustments also operate in processes that involve technological advances that appear to increase carrying capacity, and these usually act to support and underwrite population growth in any given area. In her new introduction to this first paperback edition, Abernethy shows how many of the cultural changes the book predicted in 1979 have come to pass. She details a complex of behaviors that favor single life-styles or small family size that have contributed to low fertility rates among native-born Americans while fertility rates among immigrants continue to climb. Population Pressure and Cultural Adjustment is not simply a theoretical slogan, but discusses a rich set of different cultural situations where this homeostatic process has been disrupted or aborted. Often, disruption occurs after the infusion of foreign value systems as well as new forms of technological innovation, or when highly permeable social boundaries result in the importation of resources for which the limits and consequences are not fully appreciated by the host population. This work will inevitably be controversial because of its implications for the limits as well as the potential of public policy in both advanced and underdeveloped societies.
Download or read book Tibetan Transitions written by Geoff Childs and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2008-07-25 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tibetan Transitions uses the dual lenses of anthropology and demography to analyze population regulating mechanisms in traditional Tibetan societies, and to link recent fertility transitions with family systems, economic strategies, gender equity, and family planning ideologies.
Download or read book Demography written by Sarah Harper and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-11 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The generation into which each person is born, the demographic composition of that cohort, and its relation to those born at the same time in other places influences not only a person's life chances, but also the economic and political structures within which that life is lived; the person's access to social and natural resources (food, water, education, jobs, sexual partners); and even the length of that person's life. Demography, literally the study of people, addresses the size, distribution, composition, and density of populations, and considers the impact the drivers which mediate these will have on both individual lives and the changing structure of human populations. This Very Short Introduction considers the way in which the global population has evolved over time and space. Sarah Harper discusses the theorists, theories, and methods involved in studying population trends and movements, before looking at the emergence of new demographic sub-disciplines and addressing some of the future population challenges of the 21st century. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Download or read book Paleodemography written by Robert D. Hoppa and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-30 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, physical anthropologists, mathematical demographers, and statisticians tackle methodological issues for reconstructing demographic structure for skeletal samples. Topics discussed include how skeletal morphology is linked to chronological age, assessment of age from the skeleton, demographic models of mortality and their interpretation, and biostatistical approaches to age structure estimation from archaeological samples. This work will be of immense importance to anyone interested in paleodemography, including biological and physical anthropologists, demographers, geographers, evolutionary biologists, and statisticians.
Download or read book The Anthropological Demography of Health written by Véronique Petit and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-30 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthropological demography of health, as a field of interdisciplinary population research, has grown from the 1990s, extending to a remarkable range of key human and policy issues, including: genetic disorders; nutrition; mental health; infant, child, and maternal morbidity; malaria; HIV/AIDS; disability and chronic diseases; new reproductive technologies; and population ageing. By observing group formation and change over time, tracking people's networks, and observing variance between what people say and do, anthropological demography goes beyond the characteristically top-down formal methodologies of most mainstream socio-economic demography and population health. This path-breaking volume charts and integrates the growing body of research that combines ethnography with quantitative models and methods in the field of population health. It offers a clear agenda based on important conceptual and methodological advances, and often working in close collaboration with medical and historical research. Approaches to population that are grounded in sustained ethnographic and historical research provide more than substantive knowledge of how cultural and social formations interact with health. They enable understanding of how local institutions and experience of vital events come to be translated into the demographic and health measures on which survey and clinical programmes rely. This, in turn, makes possible critical evaluation of the empirical adequacy of such translation, reflection on what happens when these models and measures become standardised evaluations of health statuses, and what this implies for governance. The combination of anthropological, demographic, historical, and biological research has gone beyond the initial demographic prioritisation of fertility regulation, to take on an expanded range of key health policy issues, and locate them in the context of the inequalities that so frequently give rise to major health differentials. The Anthropological Demography of Health offers a clear agenda for the application and extension of combined anthropological and demographic thinking in population health, and will provide a point of reference for the field.
Download or read book The Future of Historical Demography written by Koenraad Matthijs and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume aims to provide inspiration for the future of historical demography. Prominent scholars were invited to reflect critically on where the discipline of historical demography stands now, to reproach us for what we have missed, to indicate key trends in research we must engage with, and to stimulate us to link our future work to other disciplines. Authors were asked to write a provocative pamphlet for the future and to think outside the normal academic boxes. Here the authors present 60 provoking ideas.
Download or read book Population Dynamics in Prehistory and Early History written by Elke Kaiser and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
