Download or read book Potential of Portland limestone Cement to Improve Performance of Concrete Made with High Slag Cement and Fly Ash Replacement Rates written by Jameson D. Shannon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Performance and Sustainability Benefits of Concrete Containing Portland limestone Cement written by Jameson Davis Shannon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainability and reduction of environmental impacts have continued to increase in importance in the concrete marketplace. Portland-limestone cement (PLC) has been shown to reduce total energy consumed and CO2 produced during the cement manufacturing process. This material may also have the ability to benefit concrete properties, such as compressive strength and time of set. Other concrete performance measures of potential interest evaluated in this study include durability and modulus of elasticity. In this dissertation PLC was evaluated for its ability to further increase concrete sustainability, while at the same time providing advantageous properties. This study’s focus was to show that PLC can improve concrete mixtures that are similar to commonly used ordinary portland cement (OPC) mixtures. PLC was also evaluated for its ability to increase the amount of total cement replacement (further increasing sustainability). Additionally PLC properties and concrete mixture combinations were evaluated in an attempt to clarify which PLC properties are crucial in performance benefits. Approximately 2000 concrete specimens were tested along with approximately 1000 cement paste specimens. This dissertation also includes an evaluation of PLC being used in a large scale construction and renovation project on a college football stadium. The scope of the dissertation included 12 cements from four manufacturing facilities that represent a large portion of the cement industry in the southeast US. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), Class C fly ash, Class F fly ash, and slag cement, were also evaluated in single and dual SCM concrete mixtures at replacement rates up to 70%. Replacement rates of this magnitude are not being used in common practice but may become preferred in some conditions with PLC. Results indicated that PLC outperformed OPC in areas tested, in almost all cases at up to 50% replacement with single and dual SCMs. PLC also showed considerable advantages at 60% replacement but was often outperformed by OPC at 70% replacement. Aggregate type played a large role at 70% replacement. Elastic modulus, durability, and variability were all similar with PLC and OPC. Combinations of certain SCMs were more advantageous than others, and optimal SCM combinations changed depending on cement source.

Download or read book Performance of Portland Limestone Cements written by Timothy Barrett and published by . This book was released on 2013-12-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2009, ASTM and AASHTO permitted the use of up to 5% interground limestone in ordinary portland cement (OPC) as a part of ASTM C150/AASHTO M85. When this project was initiated a new proposal was being discussed that would enable up to 15% interground limestone to be considered in ASTM C595/AASHTO M234 cement. This project was initiated to provide rapid feedback to INDOT for use in discussions regarding these specifications (this has become ASTM C595/AASHTO M240). PLC is designed to enable more sustainable construction which may significantly reduce the CO2 that is embodied in the built infrastructure while extending the life of cement quarries. The physical and chemical properties of the cementitious materials used in this study were examined. PLC is typically a finer cement (10 to 30% Blaine fineness) with a reduction in the coarse clinker particles (>20µm) and an increase in fine particles which are primarily limestone. Isothermal calorimetry and chemical shrinkage results imply that these PLC materials have a similar or slight greater reaction and would be able to be used interchangeably with OPC in practice as it relates to the rate of reaction. The PLC mortars exhibited relatively similar activation energies compared to the corresponding OPCs allowing the maturity method to be used by INDOT for both the PLC and OPC systems. The mechanical properties of OPC and PLC were generally similar with the PLC typically having slightly higher early age strengths but similar 28 day strengths. No significant change in drying shrinkage or restrained shrinkage cracking was observed for the PLC when compared with OPC (Barrett et al. 2013). The PLC has similar volumes of permeable voids as the OPC. The chloride diffusion coefficients in the PLC systems may range from 0 to 30% higher than the OPCs. The PLC showed synergistic benefits when paired with fly ash. Based on the available literature and available testing results INDOT could consider PLC, as specified in accordance with ASTM C-595/AASHTO M 240, to be a suitable option for use in INDOT concrete applications.

Download or read book Effects of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in Portland Cement Concrete written by Irene K. LaBarca and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research examined the properties of concrete containing grade 120 slag cement at replacement levels of 0%, 30%, and 50%. The primary concrete properties studied were compressive strength, split-tensile strength, and deicer scaling resistance. Material variations included four sources of ordinary portland cement and two types of coarse aggregate. Strength properties were studied at room temperature and 40°F mix and curing conditions. Deicer scaling resistance was studied for concrete cured under six curing conditions. Carbonation of concrete cured under these six conditions was also investigated.

Download or read book Improving Concrete and Mortar using Modified Ash and Slag Cements written by Leonid Dvorkin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-18 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of concrete and mortar containing coal fly ash, blast furnace slag, and other dispersed technogenic materials is one of the major areas of potential resource savings and improving the environmental efficiency and sustainability of construction. Improving Concrete and Mortar using Modified Ash and Slag Cements presents the results of a study of high-tech concrete on composite Portland cement and slag Portland cement. It explains the possibility of significantly improving the properties of cements and concrete with the introduction of superplasticizers and hardening activators. Features: Describes how additives can reduce costs and lead to more environmentally sustainable production Explains the possibility of obtaining high-tech concrete with a high content of ash, slag, and clinker kiln dust Presents the possibility of significant reductions of the most energy-intensive component of cements Examines the calculated dependences for predicting the technical properties of concrete saturated with dispersed technogenic products Explains the methods of calculating the composition of concrete with specified properties of low-clinker cements Suitable for civil and structural engineers as well as for specialists working in the field of concrete technology, students of civil engineering, and researchers of new construction technologies, this book allows readers to understand new and sustainable ways to improve the properties of concrete and mortar by utilizing additives.

Download or read book Evaluation of Portland limestone Cement Concretes Containing High Volume Fly Ash written by Timothy Todd Martin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Performance Studies on Portland limestone Cement in Sulfate Environments written by Md Manjur A. Elahi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfate attack can occur in concrete due to external sulfate ions reacting with hydrated cement paste. The sulfate attack resistance of portland-limestone cements (PLCs) has been questioned due to their high limestone content, which has the potential to initiate a rare type of sulfate attack that forms thaumasite. This research evaluates the performance of portland-limestone cements in sulfate prone environments by investigating changes in the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of specimens. Mortar and paste specimens prepared by replacing Type I/II and Type V cement with 4.4, 10, 14.6 and 20 percent of calcitic and dolomitic limestone powders and fly ash are examined for their sulfate resistance. An accelerated cube test for measuring strength loss due to sulfate attack was developed using 33,800 ppm sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions at 5°C and 23°C. Results from this testing are compared to ASTM C1012 expansion measurements. The physical and chemical transformation in paste specimens are analyzed using visual observation, mass loss measurements, and X-ray diffraction.

Download or read book Improving Performance of Portland limestone Cements in Sulfate Exposures Using Supplementary Cementing Materials written by Seyed Sajjad Mirvalad and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portland limestone cement (PLC) is a recent addition to North America, promoted for its environmental benefits while maintaining suitable properties in both the fresh and hardened state. However, due to concerns regarding the degradation of concrete in sulfate exposure, especially in cold environments, its use is currently limited. In Canada, this type of cement was first introduced in 2008, but its practice in sulfate exposure was prohibited according to CSA A23.1. In 2010, CSA A3001 introduced physical requirements and suggested minimum amounts of supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) to be used for a blended PLC to be considered in sulfate exposure. Alongside, CSA A3004-C8, the standard test method for evaluating performance of cement in sulfate exposure, was revised. In this study, different SCMs available in Canada were used in binary and ternary PLC blends in order to achieve sulfate resistance. For all PLC blends, ettringite sulfate attack (ESA) and thaumasite sulfate attack (TSA) were studied. It was found that the PLC blends containing the standard recommended amounts of SCMs were not resistant against TSA. However, when the SCM amount was increased in the blend, the desired resistance was achieved. Ternary blends of slag and fly ash were found to be the most resistant. In addition, mass changes in ESA and TSA as well as compressive strength and ultrasonic velocity in mortar samples were studied. Moreover, a combined differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction study were performed on samples in TSA and indicated formation of thaumasite in the deteriorated samples as well as on the surface of the intact ones. Interestingly, the mortar samples of the ternary PLC blend containing 40% slag and 20% fly ash were the only ones that did not show formation of thaumasite after a two-year TSA study. Overall, SCMs were found effective in improving the resistance of PLC blends in sulfate exposure. Additionally, it was found that, in general, the increase in the SCM content in a PLC blend promoted its resistance.

Download or read book The Partial Replacement of Portland Cement in Concrete written by Waterways Experiment Station (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Use of Limestone in Portland Cement written by Rachel Jean Detwiler and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pozzolanic and Cementitious Materials written by V. M. Malhotra and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1996 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pozzolanic and cementitious admixtures are becoming increasingly important to enhance the environmental friendliness of portland-cement concrete and to improve workability, durability, and other properties of the material. This book provides a simple but comprehensive review of the composition and performance of important pozzolanic and cementitious admixtures, such as fly ash, granulated blast-furnace slag, natural pozzolans, silica fume, rice-husk ash and metakaolin.

Download or read book Durability Potential of Portland Limestone Cement Concrete written by Abdurrahman Ahmed T. A. Elgalhud and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Performance of Portland Limestone Cement Concrete Incorporating Chemical and Mineral Admixtures written by Sara Mohsen Hussain Ali and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Properties of Concretes Made with Fly Ash and Cements Containing Limestone written by Rachel J. Detwiler and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research Project Evaluation of Portland Cement Concretes Containing Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag written by Allen Lee Sehn and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A two part laboratory experimental program was conducted to evaluate strength and durability of various concrete mix designs. In Part I of the study, the influence of using Grade 120 ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on the strength and durability properties of concrete was evaluated. GGBFS was used to replace Portland cement at replacement rates ranging from 0 to 75 percent. In Part II of the study, the influence of coarse aggregate size on the strength and durability of the ODOT Class C mix designs was evaluated. Coarse aggregate sizes included #57, #46, and #357. The ODOT high performance concrete mix designs were also included in this study.

Download or read book Producing Sulfate resistant Concrete and Achieving Equal Performance with Low CO2 Portland Limestone Cement written by Ashlee Hossack and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reactive Limestone as a Strategy Towards Low Clinker Factor Cements written by Guillermo Leon Puerta Falla and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ordinary portland cement production accounts for at least 5% of global CO2 emissions. As the principal component in concrete formulations in addition to the expansion, modernization and retrofitting of infrastructure in developed and developing countries, the share of greenhouse emissions is certain to expand. This environmental burden has brought questions with regard to cement as a sustainable material in the coming decades. The use of low-clinker factor cements has been thought as a means to a reduced CO2 footprint material, one way of achieving this is through the use of secondary cementitious materials (SCM's) with pozzolanic properties (i.e., fly ash, furnace slag, silica fume, metakaolin, etc...), these materials have been widely used to reduce cement fractions while maintaining, sometimes even improving, mechanical properties of binders. However, availability of SCM's, particularly a local scales, as well as durability related problems (i.e, carbonation, reinforcement corrosion, etc...) have hindered the increase of SCM's use in cement. An attractive alternative is the use of limestone (calcite, CaCO3) as part of the binder formulation with or without SCM's, while part of cement production as raw material and also present in commercially available cements, limestone fractions remain limited to 15% in the United States due to detrimental effects on durability and mechanical properties mainly due to dilution. This research work investigates the possibility of including limestone as a reactive part of the contentious binder. Rendering limestone as a reactive agent in hydration reactions can potentially induces a large increase in limestone replacement of OPC leading to concrete formulations with reduced cement content while keeping competitive mechanical properties. Factors such as physical effects (i.e., filer effect), as well as chemical effects are analyzed in this research work while making emphasis in conditions that can increase or limit limestone reactivity in cementitious formulations, such as: quantity and/or characteristics of aluminous material present in the system, water-to-cement ratio, characteristics of the carbonate bearing source and ion exchange conditions for calcium carboaluminate mineral formation.