Download or read book Radiation Damage in Biomolecular Systems written by Gustavo García Gómez-Tejedor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-04 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of X-rays and radioactivity, ionizing radiations have been widely applied in medicine both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The risks associated with radiation exposure and handling led to the parallel development of the field of radiation protection. Pioneering experiments done by Sanche and co-workers in 2000 showed that low-energy secondary electrons, which are abundantly generated along radiation tracks, are primarily responsible for radiation damage through successive interactions with the molecular constituents of the medium. Apart from ionizing processes, which are usually related to radiation damage, below the ionization level low-energy electrons can induce molecular fragmentation via dissociative processes such as internal excitation and electron attachment. This prompted collaborative projects between different research groups from European countries together with other specialists from Canada, the USA and Australia. This book summarizes the advances achieved by these research groups after more than ten years of studies on radiation damage in biomolecular systems. An extensive Part I deals with recent experimental and theoretical findings on radiation induced damage at the molecular level. It includes many contributions on electron and positron collisions with biologically relevant molecules. X-ray and ion interactions are also covered. Part II addresses different approaches to radiation damage modelling. In Part III biomedical aspects of radiation effects are treated on different scales. After the physics-oriented focus of the previous parts, there is a gradual transition to biology and medicine with the increasing size of the object studied. Finally, Part IV is dedicated to current trends and novel techniques in radiation reserach and the applications hence arising. It includes new developments in radiotherapy and related cancer therapies, as well as technical optimizations of accelerators and totally new equipment designs, giving a glimpse of the near future of radiation-based medical treatments.

Download or read book Positron Cross Sections and Transport in Water written by Wade Tattersall and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed understanding of the behaviour of positrons and electrons as they pass through liquids is critical for a number of applications, from positron emission tomography and ion therapy to cosmic ray detectors and materials characterisation. In particular, transport in liquid water is vital for medical applications because of its similarity to human tissue, and is an area of continued research. This thesis presents newly measured experimental cross sections for positrons in water as well as several Monte Carlo simulation techniques aimed at improving our models of positron and electron transport. In particular, special efforts have been made to model the effects of elastic coherent scattering, which arise due to the position and velocity correlations between molecules in liquids and other dense media. The experimental scattering results include the first measurements of integral and differential elastic positron cross sections for water vapour, as well as detailed grand total and positronium formation cross sections for the same. Performed on the positron beamline apparatus at the Australian National University, this transmission experiment passed a high-resolution beam of positrons through a scattering cell containing water vapour. The parallel component of the energy of the positrons after scattering was analysed to determine the ratio between the scattered and unscattered portions of the beam, from which absolute total cross sections were calculated. The experiment further utilised a differentiated magnetic field to separate elastic scattering from the other scattering processes, and to distinguish between scattering angles in order to measure angle-differential cross sections. An original Monte Carlo track-structure simulation code has been written which aims to precisely model the transport behaviour of electrons and positrons in dilute gases, dense gases and liquids. This simulation incorporates several new features to improve its ability to model systems with high particle loss rates, varying electric fields and fully-differential ionisation interactions. Each feature has been rigorously tested against benchmark systems from the literature and, where necessary, against Boltzmann equation solutions of new benchmark systems. The simulation has also been applied to model elements of the positron trapping apparatus which is a critical component of the positron scattering experiment. The simulation's validity has been extended beyond dilute gases by including a treatment of the coherent elastic scattering that is caused by the structure of dense media. Following the theories of Van Hove, Cohen and Lekner, either a static or dynamic structure factor can be combined with gas-phase cross sections to form a modified scattering cross section that partially accounts for the temporal and spatial correlations of nearby molecules. The benchmarked Monte Carlo simulation techniques are then used to calculate transport profiles for positrons in liquid water, using the measured water cross sections. These profiles are estimates of the spatial distributions of positronium formation and energy deposition, from the positrons' emission until their first positronium formation event. Comparisons between simulations employing different cross section sets demonstrate the importance of a complete and accurate set of scattering cross sections for positrons in water.

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantum Collisions and Confinement of Atomic and Molecular Species and Photons written by P. C. Deshmukh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-28 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises selected peer-reviewed papers presented at the 7th Topical Conference of the Indian Society of Atomic and Molecular Physics, jointly held at IISER Tirupati and IIT Tirupati, India. The contributions address current topics of interest in atomic and molecular physics, both from the theoretical and experimental perspective. The major focus areas include quantum collisions, spectroscopy of atomic and molecular clusters, photoionization, Wigner time delay in collisions, laser cooling, Bose-Einstein condensates, atomic clocks, quantum computing, and trapping and manipulation of quantum systems. The book also discusses emerging topics such as ultrafast quantum processes including those at the attosecond time-scale. This book will prove to be a valuable reference for students and researchers working in the field of atomic and molecular physics.

Download or read book NBS Technical Note written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics written by Philip Mayles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 1463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the essential background physics and radiobiology to the latest imaging and treatment modalities, the updated second edition of Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics: Theory & Practice covers all aspects of the subject. In Volume 1, Part A includes the Interaction of Radiation with Matter (charged particles and photons) and the Fundamentals of Dosimetry with an extensive section on small-field physics. Part B covers Radiobiology with increased emphasis on hypofractionation. Part C describes Equipment for Imaging and Therapy including MR-guided linear accelerators. Part D on Dose Measurement includes chapters on ionisation chambers, solid-state detectors, film and gels, as well as a detailed description and explanation of Codes of Practice for Reference Dose Determination including detector correction factors in small fields. Part E describes the properties of Clinical (external) Beams. The various methods (or ‘algorithms’) for Computing Doses in Patients irradiated by photon, electron and proton beams are described in Part F with increased emphasis on Monte-Carlo-based and grid-based deterministic algorithms. In Volume 2, Part G covers all aspects of Treatment Planning including CT-, MR- and Radionuclide-based patient imaging, Intensity-Modulated Photon Beams, Electron and Proton Beams, Stereotactic and Total Body Irradiation and the use of the dosimetric and radiobiological metrics TCP and NTCP for plan evaluation and optimisation. Quality Assurance fundamentals with application to equipment and processes are covered in Part H. Radionuclides, equipment and methods for Brachytherapy and Targeted Molecular Therapy are covered in Parts I and J, respectively. Finally, Part K is devoted to Radiation Protection of the public, staff and patients. Extensive tables of Physical Constants, Photon, Electron and Proton Interaction data, and typical Photon Beam and Radionuclide data are given in Part L. Edited by recognised authorities in the field, with individual chapters written by renowned specialists, this second edition of Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics provides the essential up-to-date theoretical and practical knowledge to deliver safe and effective radiotherapy. It will be of interest to clinical and research medical physicists, radiation oncologists, radiation technologists, PhD and Master’s students.

Download or read book Solid State Dosimetry written by Francesco D'Errico and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Summary of the Preliminary Design of Beijing 2 2 2 8 GeV Electron Positron Collider written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Annotated Accession List of Data Compilations of the Office of Standard Reference Data written by National Measurement Laboratory (U.S.). Office of Standard Reference Data and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book INIS Atomindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: