Download or read book Portable Emission Measurements of Yellowstone Park Snowcoaches and Snowmobiles written by Gary Allen Bishop and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the National Park Service's Temporary Winter Use Plans Environmental Assessment, the University of Denver has been collecting in-use tailpipe emissions data from snowcoaches and snowmobiles in Yellowstone National Park. During the winter of 2006, using a portable emissions monitoring system, tailpipe data were collected from 10 snowcoaches and 2 four-stroke snowmobiles. These vehicles were operated over a standard route within the park, and the snowcoaches all carried identical passenger loads. These snowcoaches were newer in age with more advanced fuel management technology than those studied earlier, and average emissions were lower as a result (120, 1.7, and 11 g/mi for carbon monoxide [CO], hydrocarbons [HC], and oxides of nitrogen [NOx]). Large emissions variability was still observed despite using a standardized route and equal passenger loading. A comparison between five nearly identically equipped snowcoaches that had CO emissions ranging between 12 and 310 g/mi suggests that snow and road conditions are the most important factors behind the large emissions variability observed between modern snowcoaches. The first comprehensive emission measurements, using a portable emissions measurement system, on two snowmobiles showed that computer-controlled fuel management systems have increased fuel economy (>25 mpg) and are a major reason that emissions from these winter vehicles have dropped so dramatically. Using all of the tailpipe emissions data collected to date shows that the two primary winter vehicles in Yellowstone National Park are now very similar in their per-passenger emissions.

Download or read book Yellowstone and the Snowmobile written by Michael J. Yochim and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first scholarly study of winter use in any national park examines the history of the conflict between the National Park Service and various interest groups over snowmobile use in Yellowstone--a highly-politicized, value-driven battle that has taken a serious toll on the NPS's ability to protect the park.

Download or read book Exterior Sound Level Measurements of Snowcoaches at Yellowstone National Park written by Christopher J. Scarpone and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Sounds associated with oversnow vehicles, such as snowmobiles and snowcoaches, are an important management concern at Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. The John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Centers Environmental Measurement and Modeling Division (Volpe Center) is supporting the National Park Service (NPS) with its on-going Winter Use Plan (WUP) program."--Page 3.

Download or read book Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks N P and John D Rockefeller Jr Memorial Parkway Winter Use Plans written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of the Air Waste Management Association written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yellowstone Over Snow Vehicle Emission Tests 2012 written by John D. Ray and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides summary tables of on-road emissions and fleet averages of over-snow vehicle emissions for EIS scenario modeling. Emission data from newer model snowcoaches and snowmobiles were obtained by direct tailpipe measurements and are now available for modeling. A comparison is made with prior data. Summary values for different categories are provided that can be used in the modeling. Fleet averages are calculated based on snowcoach categories and the estimated number of vehicles in each category. The fleet average emissions are provided so that each of the alternatives in the SEIS can be modeled.

Download or read book Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks N P Winter Use Plans written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks N P Winter Use Plans written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Air Toxic Emissions from Snowmobiles in Yellowstone National Park written by Yong Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study on emissions associated with oversnow travel in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) was conducted for the time period of February 13?16, 2002 and February 12?16, 2003. Whole air and exhaust samples were characterized for 85 volatile organic compounds using gas chromatography. The toxics including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (p-, m-, and o-xylene), and n-hexane, which are major components of two-stroke engine exhaust, show large enhancements during sampling periods resulting from increased snowmobile traffic. Evaluation of the photochemical history of air masses sampled in YNP revealed that emissions of these air toxics were (i) recent, (ii) persistent throughout the region, and (iii) consistent with the two-stroke engine exhaust sample fingerprints. The annual fluxes were estimated to be 0.35, 1.12, 0.24, 1.45, and 0.36 Gg yr?1 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and n-hexane, respectively, from snowmobile usage in YNP. These results are comparable to the flux estimates of 0.23, 0.77, 0.17, and 0.70 Gg yr?1 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, respectively, that were derived on the basis of (i) actual snowmobile counts in the Park and (ii) our ambient measurements conducted in 2003. Extrapolating these results, annual emissions from snowmobiles in the U.S. appear to be significantly higher than the values from the EPA National Emissions Inventory (1999). Snowmobile emissions represent a significant fraction (14?21%) of air toxics with respect to EPA estimates of emissions by nonroad vehicles. Further investigation is warranted to more rigorously quantify the difference between our estimates and emission inventories. --Abstract.

Download or read book Alberta Oil Sands written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-11-07 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At 170 billion barrels, Canada's Oil Sands are the third largest reserves of developable oil in the world. The Oil Sands now produce about 1.6 million barrels per day, with production expected to double by 2025 to about 3.7 million barrels per day. The Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) in northeastern Alberta is the largest of the three oil sands deposits. Bitumen in the oil sands is recovered through one of two primary methods – mining and drilling. About 20 per cent of the reserves are close to the surface and can be mined using large shovels and trucks. Of concern are the effects of the industrial development on the environment. Both human-made and natural sources emit oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, trace elements and persistent organic compounds. Of additional concern are ground level ozone and greenhouse gases. Because of the requirement on operators to comply with the air quality regulatory policies, and to address public concerns, the not-for-profit, multi-stakeholder Wood Buffalo Environmental Association (WBEA) has since 1997 been closely monitoring air quality in AOSR. In 2008, WBEA assembled a distinguished group of international scientists who have been conducting measurements and practical research on various aspects of air emissions and their potential effects on terrestrial receptors. This book is a synthesis of the concepts and results of those on-going studies. It contains 19 chapters ranging from a global perspective of energy production, measurement methodologies and behavior of various air pollutants during fossil fuel production in a boreal forest ecosystem, towards designing and deploying a multi-disciplinary, proactive, and long-term environmental monitoring system that will also meet regulatory expectations. Covers measurement of emissions from very large industrial sources in a region with huge international media profile Validation of measurement technologies can be applied globally The new approaches to ecological monitoring described can be applied in other forested regions

Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations Title 36 Parks Forests and Public Property PT 1 199 Revised as of July 1 2012 written by U S Office of the Federal Register and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2012-09-11 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Code of Federal Regulations is a codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Executive departments and agencies of the United States Federal Government.

Download or read book Occupational Exposure to Snowmobile Emissions at Yellowstone National Park written by Wendy Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, regulations regarding snowmobile recreation in Yellowstone National Park have become more restrictive. New regulations limit the number of snowmobiles entering the park, restrict the engine type, and require that all riders must utilize a licensed guide. Given these regulations, it is hypothesized that occupational exposures to the combustion products from snowmobile exhaust have decreased. This research project performed occupational exposure monitoring of National Park Service Employees while working at the West Entrance to Yellowstone National Park during the 2004-2005 winter season. Products of snowmobile exhaust including carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides, volatile organic compounds, fine particulates, and noise were sampled and the analytical results compared to the occupational exposures during previous years. The purpose of this research is to determine if compliance with current regulations regarding snowmobile recreation in Yellowstone National Park has any affect on the occupational exposures received by park employees during the performance of their normal job tasks.

Download or read book Snowmobile Exhaust Emissions in the Snowpack of Yellowstone National Park written by Jason Douglas Young and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations Title 36 Parks Forests and Public Property PT 1 199 Revised as of July 1 2011 written by U S Office of the Federal Register and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2011-11 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yellowstone Over snow Vehicle Emmission Tests 2012 written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides summary tables of on-road emissions and fleet averages of over-snow emissions for EIS scenario modeling. Emission data for mewer model snowcoaches and snowmobiles were obtained by direct tailpipe measurements and are now available for modeling. A comparison is made with prior data. Summary values for different categories are provided that can be used in modeling. Fleet averages are calculated based on snowcoach categories and the exstimated number of vehicles in each category. The fleet average emissions are provided so that each of the alternatives in the SEIS can be modeled.

Download or read book Occupational Exposures to Snowmobile Emissions in Yellowstone National Park 1997 2005 written by Wendy Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government.